In a US city, a woman parked her car in an attended lot. Hoping to get a discount on the cost of parking, she asked, “Do you give validation(批准)?”“Certainly,”replied the store's manager:“You are an excellent person and I love your hair.” That might be worth the cost of parking．I mean，who wouldn't pay a couple of dollars for this kind of validation?
Author Alan McGinIlis cites an interesting study about the power of positive encouragement．A second-grade teacher complained that her children were spending too much time standing up and roaming around the room rather than working．
Two psychologists observed the behavior of the children and the teacher. Every ten seconds they noted how many children were out of their seats. They counted 360 unseated children throughout each 20-minute period．They also noted that the teacher said "Sit down!" seven times during the same period．
The psychologists tried an experiment．They asked the teacher to tell the children to sit down 
more often. This time they noted that she commanded her students to sit down 27.5 times in an average 20-minute period, and now 540 were noted to be out of their seats during the same average period．Her increased scolding actually made the problem worse．
Then the experimenters tried a different task．They asked the teacher to quietly praise those children who were seated and working．At this time, children's roaming was decreased by 33％．They showed their best behavior when they were praised more and blamed less．
People who motivate others to take great action are almost always those who encourage more than criticize; who praise more and blame less.
Perhaps the woman's question is the correct one after all．"Do you give validation?" I hope I can always answer “YES”.When parking her car in an attended lot, the woman ________.
| A．made a very silly mistake | B．was laughed at by the manager |
| C．got great praise from the manager | D．failed to pay the cost of parking at last |
The students in the study performed better mainly because_______.
| A．they were motivated by the psychologists |
| B．they were inspired by the teacher's attitude |
| C．they regretted roaming around the classroom |
| D．they changed their relationship with the teacher |
In the passage, the author thinks that_______.
| A．it is better to blame others than to praise others |
| B．sometimes it's hard to receive praise from others |
| C．criticizing children does no good to their growth |
| D．we all know how to encourage others by praising |
Why does the author talk about the study in the passage?
| A．To show the power of encouragement. |
| B．To show how the teacher praises children. |
| C．To show his argument is scientifically based. |
| D．To show the teacher is a successful motivator. |
What is the author's attitude towards giving validation?
| A．Neutral | B．Negative | C．Positive | D．Reasonable |
| The Darwin Myth: The Life and Lies of Charles Darwin By Benjamin Wiker List Price: $ 27.95 Price:$ 18.45 for a club member or when your orders are over $50 You Save: $9.50 (34%) |
Product Description
In the 150 years since the publication of Origin of Species, Charles Darwin has been considered between two extremes--- a great biologist or heretic（持异端学说者）. However, the truth is much more difficult to understand than that. In any case, Darwin’s theory of evolution and natural selection had the greatest influence in history.
In The Darwin Myth，author Benjamin Wiker offers a full-side analysis of Darwin’s theories as well as the social, scientific, and religious effect of his work. Scientists often cause debates(争论) that will last for generations for their new theory. Still, no scientist has caused more debates than Charles Darwin. To some he is the revolutionary “father” of evolution. To others his theory of evolution unconsciously disagrees with many ideas in modern eugenics.（优生学） In The Darwin Myth: The Life and Lies of Charles Darwin, author Benjamin Wiker will make them clear.
Contents
So who is Charles Darwin? What did he really believe and what did his research really prove? In this book, Benjamin Wiker cuts through the myths. In The Darwin Myth, Wiker tells us:
★
How Darwin set out to create a godless Theory of Evolution
★Why many of his best friends criticized Darwin’s theory, and why he never defended himself;
★Why Darwin’s theory in a certain way supported slavery, an institution he hated;
★How much of what we know about Darwin comes from his autobiography(自传), which the key points are completely misleading.
1. If you buy three copies of The Darwin Myth at a time, how much should you pay?
A. $88.35 B.$55.35 C. $50 D. $27.97
2. According to the passage, what is The Darwin Myth mainly about?
A. An analysis of Darwin’s theory and the debates about him.
B. A brief introduction to Darwin’s life.
C. How Darwin created Theory of Evolution.
D. Why many people criticized Darwin’s Theory of Evolution.
3. From the passage, we know that ________.
A. The Darwin Myth is Darwin’s autobiography
B. The debate about Darwin’s theory has been going on since Origin of Species was published.
C. Darwin theory agrees with modern eugenics.
D. Darwin himself supported slavery.
4．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A. Darwin lost many of his best friends because of his theory
B. Darwin’s autobiography has misled many readers.
C. Benjamin Wiker was one of Darwin’s friends who knew him well
D. The Darwin Myth will end the debates about Darwin
第二部分阅读理解(共25小题。第一节每小题2分，第二节每小题1分；满分45分)
第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
For Senior 3 students, choosing which college to attend can be the most exciting and thrilling time in their entire sc
hool lives. This is also true for an American girl named Melanie in the film, College Road Trip, which was released in the US on March 7.
Melanie’s dad, James Porter, is the chief of police for a Chicago suburb. Incredibly worrying about her daughter’s security, he wants Melanie to attend nearby Northwestern University, where she’s already been accepted. But Melanie, 17, really wants to go to George-town in
Washington, D.C., where she’s been wait-listed.
When she gets an unexpected interview, she decides to take a road trip with a few close female friends. Melanie believes it is her first step toward adulthood. But despite the fact that this trip is “ girls only”, James isn’t comfortable with the prospect of his little princess exploring the world without him. He wants to protect her.
James joins the girls and hopes he can convince her to go to Northwestern. While Melanie’s father only has the best of intentions, his presence leads to an endless series of comic encounters(遭遇).
After following their faulty GPS device deep into the backwoods, James and Melanie discover her little brother and his pet pig have been hiding in the spare tire compartment.（隔间）.
What should be a simple tire charge(充气) results in the expensive car rolling down a mountain, forcing them to hike to a nearby hotel. There the pig ruins an outdoor wedding reception after eating an entire bag of coffee beans.
All these disasters add spice to their trip while along the way a father and a daughter finally get the chance to really talk to each other.
The film explores the parent-child relationship in a comic way: The gap between how close James thinks he is to Melanie and how little he actually knows of her plans makes us laugh first and then think.
All parents, whether they have college students or not, can relate to the bittersweet realization that their kids are growing up. Like what Melanie and James have done in the film, we all can find the balance between staying connected and letting go.
1. The main purpose of the passage is to__________.
A. introduce the newly-released film
B. call on parents to learn to balance the relationship with their children
C. tell a story which happened between an American girl and her father
D. explore the difference in parent-child relationship between the west and the east.
2. What does the underlined word “ released” mean?
A. set free B. known C. shown D. developed
3. We can infer from the passage that_______.
A. their car rolled down the mountain, ruining the wedding reception
B. a hotel was destroyed by Melanie’s brother and his pet pig
C. Melanie and her father got to understand each other better after so many encounters
D. the girls had to give up their trip because of the incidents on the way
4. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. It’s unclear whether Melanie could be accepted by North-western University.
B. Northwestern University isn’t so famous as the university in Washington D.C.
C. There is no hope that Melanie will be accepted by the university in Georgetown.
D. Melanie’s father prefers her to stay not too far away from him.
A woman wears a face mask to protect her from polluted air in Lanzhou, China, in December．
A new study showed air pollution might put people more at risk for heart disease than scientists had thought．Kristin Miller, a doctoral student at the University of Washington, said chances of getting the disease were related to not only which city a woman lived in, but also where in the city．The study found that the effects of air pollution were often larger within cities than between cities．
The new findings make experts suspect that current pollution limits may be inadequate．Scientists examined rates of heart attack, stroke （中风） and other cardiovascular （心脏血管的） events in women with long-term exposure to air pollution．
The study involved women over the age of fifty who had no sign of cardiovascular disease at the start of the research．The study followed the women for as long as nine years to see how they would develop cardiovascular problems．
The researchers also examin
ed levels of fine particles （粒子，微粒） in the air in 36 areas across the country．That information came from the Environmental Protection Agency．The extremely small particles came from industrial smoke and traffic, along with things like wood-burning fireplaces in houses．
In the study, every ten-microgram increase in pollution was linked to a twenty-four percent increase in the risk of a cardiovascular event．But it was related to a seventy-six percent increase in the risk of death from cardiovascular disease．
But just how do particles in the air damage the cardiovascular system? The particles may cause the lungs to swell and release chemicals from the pollutants into the blood．The chemicals then could damage the heart．
1．The passage mainly talks about______．
A．the effects of pollution on women
B．how to protect women from air pollution
C．how air pollution damages a person’s heart
D．the 
relationship between air pollution and heart diseases
2．The case of the woman wearing a face mask shows ______．
A．people are paying more and more attention to their health
B．the woman is afraid of getting heart disease
C．Lanzhou city is more heavily polluted than other cities
D．air pollution is becoming more and more serious
3．We can learn from the passage that _______．
A．air pollution is more serious than scientists thought
B．the control of air pollution is effective in some cities
C．people throughout a city have the same risk of getting heart diseases
D．air pollution affects women more than men
4．The study implies that ______．
A．air pollution has a bigger effect on older women than younger women
B．small particles in the air mainly come from industrial smoke
C．the rise in air pollution may lead to a higher death rate from cardiovascular disease
D．air pollution has been affecting people for as long as nine years in the city of Lanzhou
TOUR THE BLUE MOUNTAINS IN COMFORT WITH OZ TRAILS
Known as “The Grand Canyon” of Austr
alia, it is located a short distance （55 km） from Sydney ．
In 2000 this area was added to the “World Heritage List” of UNESCO as it has: deep valleys, impressive waterfalls, excellent bushes and rich plants and animals．
The Blue Mountains covers about 10,000 km and extends 220 km．
The Blue Mountains area contains eight conservation areas, six Aboriginal language groups ．It is also home to 127 kinds of rare or threatened plants and 52 kinds of rare or threatened animals．
LET OZ TRAILS SHOW YOU AUSTRALIAN NATURE AT IT’S BEST!
Oz Trails has been in operation since 1999 and has shown the Blue Mountains to thousands of travelers from all over the world．
OZ TRAILS is recommended by the "LONELY PLANET" and "LET'S GO" travel guides, both of which are popular travel books in Australia．
We also offer special tours in and around Sydney．Taking small groups only, we pride ourselves on customer service．We offer travelers individual attention that is not available on other
large tours．
All the tours are also available at charter rates （包租费） whether you wish to bring a whole group or have the tour just for yourself．We can make a tour to meet your special needs．
6 REASONS TO TOUR THE BLUE MOUNTAINS WITH OZ TRAILS
1．Small groups only （max 24 passengers in each bus）．
2．Free hotel pickup anywhere in city centre （and also in Coogee, Bondi and Manly） by arrangement in advance．
3．Perfect guides with a broad knowledge．
4．We are able to take you to see all the famous places in Australia．
5．Our tours are both affordable and satisfying．
6．Comfortable—air-conditioned buses．
1．The author wrote this passage to________．
A．introduce famous scenic sports around Sydney
B．attract tourists to the Blue Mountains
C．advertise a tour agency named Oz Trails
D．give advice on how to choose a tour company
2．Which 
of the following does Oz Trails offer?
A．Small group tours with not more than 24 tourists．
B．Buses without air conditioners．
C．Charter rates for groups of 24．
D．One-to-one service at a low price．
3．We can learn from the passage that________．
A．Coogee and Bondi are located in the city center
B．travelers need to book their pickup in advance
C．OZ TRAILS can take you to foreign countries
D．“Lonely Planet” is a famous travel company
4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．The price of the tour service．
B．The services the agency can offer．
C．Some of the features of the Blue Mountains．
D．A brief introduction to Oz Trails．
When you enter a crowded room or go on a picnic or to a party, who is the most attractive and appealing person? It is the person who is cheerful, has a smiling face and behaves as if he or she is enjoying every moment of the event! Such people have an optimistic opinion on life．They are the ones with a positive attitude．On the other hand, let’s see that fellow in the corner with a long face．He is most probably thinking about the time and money wasted in having fun．He is a pessimist, one with a negative attitude．
A person with a positive attitude gets on well with the job at hand．He doesn’t worry about what’s gone before or what might happen in the future．If there is a problem, he quickly thinks of ways to solve it．If the problem cannot be solved singly, he seeks help from someone else．He doesn’t feel that it’s beneath his dignity to seek assistance．
When Sonal lost her history notes days before an important examination, she sat down and cried．Then she pulled herself together, borrowed a friend’s notes, worked day and night and managed to copy down whatever she had lost．Sonal passed the exam with flying colors．
It’s just not possible, even for the greatest optimist, to smile all the time and feel good all day．Everyone has a period of blues now and then, when everything seems sad and without cheer．But once you develop a positive attitude, once you realize that life is a series of ups and downs, dark clouds and bright sunshine, in no time at all, you’ve bounced back, ready to welcome the world again with open arms and a huge smile! So from this moment on, keep your face to the sunshine and you’ll never see the shadows．
1．What might be the best title of the passage？
A．To live with an aim in life B．To be a pessimist or optimist
C．Life is full of ups and downs D．Develop the positive attitude
2．The case of Sonal suggested that _______．
A．a person can solve the problem once he thinks of a way
B．Sonal made up for what she had lost by working day and night
C．Sonal was a pessimist because he lost her history notes
D．the history notes that she lost was not important for her
3．The underlined phrase bounced back in the last paragraph means_______．
A．moved back and forth B．jumped up
C．returned to active state D．came back
4．According to the last paragraph, which of the following statement is TRUE?
A．If you always look at the shadows, you will be in high spirits．
B．It is impossible for a person to be in a good mood all the time．
C．A negative attitude will make you welcome life with a big smile．
D．When someone feels sad, he thinks the world comes to an end．
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