Itisobviousthatdoctorsrecogniz

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更新 2022-09-03
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It is obvious that doctors recognize obesity as a health problem. So why is it so hard for them to talk to their patients about it?
The results of two surveys, one of primary care physicians and the other of patients, found that while most doctors want to help patients lose weight and think it is their responsibility to do so, they often don’t know what to say.
“So while doctors may tell patients they are overweight, the conversation often ends there,” said Christine C. Ferguson, director of the Stop Obesity Alliance. “Patients are not told about the possibility of diabetes (糖尿病),” she said. “And doctors don’t feel they have good information to give. They felt that they didn’t have adequate tools to address this problem.
The lack of dialogue hurts patients, too. The patient survey, of over 1,000 adults, found that most overweight patients don’t even know that they’re too heavy. Only 39 percent of overweight people surveyed had ever been told by a health care provider that they were overweight.
Of those who were told they were obese, 90 percent were also told by their doctors to lose weight, the survey found. In fact most have tried to lose weight and may have been successful in the past—and many are still trying, the survey found. And many understand that losing even a small amount of weight can have a positive impact on their health and reduce their risk of obesityrelated diseases like hypertension and diabetes.
Dr. William Bestermann Jr., medical director of Holston Medical Group, in Kingsport, Tenn. , which ranks the 10th in obesity among metropolitan areas in the United States, said the dialogue had to be an ongoing one and could not be dropped after just one mention of the problem. “If you’re to be successful with helping your patients lose weight, you have to talk to them at actually every visit about their progress, and find something to encourage them and coach them,” he said.
He acknowledged that many doctors tend to be not optimistic.
“Part of this is that there’s this common belief, and doctors are burdened by it, too, that overweight people are weak-willed and just don’t have any willpower and are selfindulgent and all that business,” he said. “If you think that way, you’re not going to spend time having a productive conversation.”
What is the Stop Obesity Alliance most probably in Paragraph 3?

A．An organization of doctors suffering from obesity.

B．An organization of patients suffering from obesity.

C．A research group that conducts special surveys about overweight people.

D．A research group dealing with doctor-patient relationship.

How many of the patients surveyed have been advised by their doctors to lose weight?

A．About 350.	B．About 390.
C．About 900.	D．About 1,000.

What can be inferred about obesity patients in Paragraph 5?

A．They are not as hopeless as doctors think they are.

B．Most of them have tried hard to lose weight, but in vain.

C．Without their doctors’ constant coaching, there is little chance of their succeeding in losing weight.

D．Most of them have just given up their hope of becoming less heavy.

According to the passage, which factor contributes to the lack of dialogue between doctors and patients?

A．Most doctors never think of warning their patients about their weight problem.

B．Many doctors find it difficult to persuade overweight people to lose weight.

C．Most patients are too weak-willed to do anything about their weight.

D．Many patients tend not to trust their doctors about their weight problem.

Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A．Obesity in the U. S.

B．Trouble of overweight Americans.

C．Talk more, help better.

D．Doctors or patients---who to bear more blame?

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第三部分:阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
It was the first snow of winter – an exciting day for every child but not for most teachers. Up until now, I had been old enough to dress myself, but today I would need some help. Miss Finlayson, my kindergarten teacher, had been through first snow days many times, but I think she may still remember this one.
I managed to get into my wool snow trousers. But I struggled with my jacket because it didn’t fit well. It was a hand-me-down from my brother, and it made me wonder why I had to wear his ugly clothes. At least my hat and scarf were mine, and they were quite pretty. Finally it was time to have Miss Finlayson help me with my boots（靴子）.
In her calm, motherly voice she said, “By the end of winter, you will all be able to put on your own boots.” I didn’t realize at the time that this was more a statement of hope than of confidence.
I handed her my boots and stuck out my foot. Like most children, I expected grown-ups to do all the work. After much pushing, she managed to get the first one into place and then, with a sigh, worked the second one on too.
I announced, “They’re on the wrong feet.”
She struggled to get the boots off and went through the joyless task of putting them on again.
“They’re my brother’s boots, you know,” I said. “I hate them!”
Somehow, from long years of practice, she managed to act as though I wasn’t an annoying little girl, She pushed and pushed, less gently this time. With a greater sigh, seeing the end of her struggle with me, she asked, “Now, where are your mittens（连指手套）?”
I looked into her eyes and said, “I didn’t want to lose them, so I hid them in the toes of my boots.”
51. According to the passage，the little girl got ___________ from her brother.
A. the wool snow pants and the jacket        B. the jacket and the boots
C. the jacket and the hat                   D. the boots and the gloves
52. What made it so hard for the teacher to help the little girl put her boots on?
A. The gloves in the toes of the boots.       B. The slowness of the teacher.
C. The wrong size of the boots.            D. The unwillingness of the girl.
53．Why does the author say Miss Finlayson would remember that first snow day?
A．Because the little girl was in her brother’s clothes.
B．Because it was the most exciting day of the winter.
C．Because the little girl played a trick on her.
D．Because the little girl wore a pretty scarf.
54．We can learn from the text that Miss Finlayson_________.
A．was losing confidence in the little girl    B．gradually lost patience with the little girl
C．because disappointed with the little girl   D．was getting bored with the little girl

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E
The knowledge society will be a highly competitive one, for organizations and individuals alike, information technology, although only one of many new features of the next society, is already having one important effect: it is allowing knowledge to spread nearinstantly, and making it accessible to everyone. Given the ease and speed at which information travels, every institution in the knowledge society—not only businesses, but also schools, universities, hospitals and increasingly government agencies too—has to be globally competitive, even though most organizations will continue to be local in their activities and in their markets. This is because the Internet will keep customers everywhere informed of what is available anywhere in the world, and at what price.
This new knowledge economy will rely heavily on knowledge workers. At present, this term is widely used to describe people with considerable theoretical knowledge and learning, such as doctors, lawyers, teachers, accountants and chemical engineers. But the most striking growth will be in “knowledge technologists”: computer technicians, software designers, analysts in clinical labs, manufacturing technologists. These people are as much manual(体力) workers as they are knowledge workers; in fact, they usually spend far more time working with their hands than with their brains, but their manual work is based on a large amount of theoretical knowledge which can be acquired only through formal education, not through an apprenticeship(学徒期). They are not, as a rule, much better paid than traditional skilled workers, but they see themselves as “professionals”, just as unskilled manual workers in manufacturing were the dominant social and political force in the 21st century, knowledge technologists are likely to become the dominant social—and perhaps also political—force over the next decades.
67.The quick spread of knowledge in the next society______
A.is based on information technology
B.results from a highly competitive society
C.is likely to increase information flow
D.will become the biggest problem to handle
68.“Knowledge workers” mentioned in the passage most likely______.
A.work with hands rather than brains
B.have received primary and secondary education
C.have acquired theoretical knowledge through apprenticeship
D.have received higher education and acquired theoretical knowledge
69.The underlined word “dominant” in this passage probably means______.
A.most influential B.most interesting C.most diligent D.most serious
70.The chief reason for fierce competition in the knowledge society is that______.
A.individuals are easily influenced by information
B.customers keep track of new products worldwide
C.anyone can have access to knowledge anytime and anywhere
D.local organizations such as universities and hospitals will be globalized

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D
KIDS in a Sudanese refugee camp raise a cloud of dust as they kick around a football. NBA superstar Traey Mc Grady watches from a distance before offering to buy the kids a grass patch for $1,000.
Perhaps he sees a Ronaldinho rising up out of the African soil. Or maybe he just wants to do something—anything—to give these children some hope. But he is told, politely, that grass is not what the kids need.
Mc Grady, 29, writes on his website that he traveled to Africa because he was tired of only reading about it in the news.“Who are the faces behind the statistics?” he said.“I need to see it for myself.” And he did. He stepped out of his beautiful house and flew to a place torn to bits by war and famine(饥荒). He slept in a tent. He talked with people who had suffered. And he swallowed his pride.
But no one should blame Mc Grady for wanting to buy the kids a patch of grass. Sport gave him a chance, so perhaps he thought it would do the same for the refugees.
Mc Grady was eyed by NBA scouts as a teenager and he didn’t bother going to college. Instead, he leaped right into the NBA. Since that move, basketball has given him a handsome living, but one very far removed from the lives of ordinary people. As Mc Grady would learn in Africa, most people see sport as just a break from life’s difficulties. They don’t mistake it for life itself. Only Mc Grady knows how the trip to Africa changed him, but I’d bet that, at the very least, it has given him a new sense for what is truly meaningful.
Mc Grady doesn’t own an NBA championship ring. He hasn’t risen to the heights of Kobe Bryant or Michael Jordan. But, perhaps, now he knows he doesn’t have to in order to truly make a difference in the world.
63.The refugee children most probably need______.
A.clean drinking water           B.a grass football patch
C.necessities of survival          D.a tent to sleep in
64.What can we learn about Mc Grady from the passage?
A.Basketball made him what he is today.
B.He is an NBA superstar as great as Kobe or Jordan.
C.He didn’t show his talent for basketball as a teenager.
D.He taught children to play football in a refugee camp.
65.What does the underlined part “scouts” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.players.      B.fans.         C.audience.       D.hunters.
66.Mc Grady learned from his visit to Africa that______.
A.he needn’t improve his basketball skills to reach the heights of his seniors
B.sport gave him a chance and means everything to him
C.people in hunger can never understand the importance of sport
D.what’s truly meaningful can be a world of difference to different people

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C
In many societies, there is often greater acceptance of light skin than dark skin. Light skin may be seen as a mark of beauty, intelligence and success. These beliefs can lead to social pressure even within the same racial group, if some members are darker skinned than others.
The result is that skin lightening has become a common activity across Africa, Asia and other areas of the world. More and more people with dark skin are using skinlightening products, even if they may face health risks.
They believe that having whiter skin will improve their lives. Many people think they will have a better chance of getting a job or marrying into a better family. Or they want to look like what their society generally considers beautiful.
Some beauty care products and soaps contain chemicals that make skin lighter. This process is also called bleaching. But some of the chemicals are extremely dangerous. One of the most dangerous is hydroquinone.
Hydroquinone has been banned in several countries. This chemical has been linked to kidney damage and some kinds of cancer. It also causes low birth weight in babies when mothers use it during pregnancy.
At first, bleaching products make the skin color lighter. But after long term use they can cause problems. They can even make some skin darker. The chemicals in the products block and break down the natural process that gives color to skin. The skin loses its natural barrier to protect against sunlight. Then the skin can become thick and discolored. Usually the person will use more of the product in an effort to correct the problem, but this only makes it worse.
Fatimata Ly treats skin conditions in the Senegalese capital. Dakar. Doctor Ly says skin bleaching has become a problem throughout Senegal. She says the chemicals are now more dangerous because they are stronger. Some cases have resulted in blackened fingernails, infections and permanent skin damage.
And these are not the only risks. Experts say some people who change their skin color suffer emotional damage. They feel regret and sadness. They feel that instead of risking their health, they should have learned to love and accept their skin color as it was.
59.Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “bleaching”?
A.coloring     B.changing    C.lighting        D.pleasing
60.Why has the skin lightening become a common activity all over the world?
A.There are many products that can make the dark skin light.
B.Many people with dark skin have no confidence.
C.People with light skin seem to have more advantages over people with dark skin.
D.People with dark skin are forced by the pressure of their families.
61.According to the text customers using the bleaching products would also risk______.
A.finger damage      B.low weight      C.skin cancer      D.emotional damage
62.The writer’s attitude toward using the bleaching products is______.
A.supportive   B.positive     C.doubtful       D.negative

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B
The first time I saw Carlos I would never have believed he was going to change my life. I had my arms full of books and I was tearing into the classroom when I ran into something solid. It was Carlos.
“My, you’re tall,” he said.
Of course, the class began to laugh. Angry, I walked to my seat without a word.
I glanced back to see if Reed Harrington was laughing with the rest. That would be the last straw. But Reed was studying chemistry and did not seem to be aware of anything else. I didn’t know why I considered Reed my friend. Maybe just because he was a good two inches taller than I. Anyway, every time I blew out my birthday candles and made a wish, it was for a date with Reed Harrington. “Take that seat,” Mr. McCarthy told the proud newcomer Carlos, pointing to the only empty one, in the back of the room.
Carlos smiled broadly.“But I need a couple of dictionaries.” Again the class laughed, but now they were laughing with Carlos, not at him. He had been here only 10 minutes and already he had them on his side.
It was the school elections that made me think of Carlos again. Reed Harrington was voted president and Carlos vicepresident.“How come?” I kept asking myself.“How come this shrimp(虾) who’s only been in town for a little over a month gets to be so popular.”
So on that morning, I stopped Carlos and said,“It doesn’t seem to bother you—being short.” He looked up at me.“Of course I mind being short. But there isn’t anything I can do about it. When I realized I was going to have to spend my life in this undersized skin, I just decided to make the best of it and concentrate on being myself.”“You seem to get along great,” I admitted.“But what about me? Nobody wants to date a girl taller than he is.”“The trouble with you is you’re afraid to be yourself. You’re smart. And you could be pretty. In fact, you might be more than pretty.” I felt myself turning red...
55.It’s a story about______.
A.a tall boy and a short girl      B.a short boy and a tall girl
C.a tall boy and a tall girl        D.a short boy and a short girl
56.From the story, we can see the boy Carlos is______.
A.handsome and humorous       B.humorous and confident
C.handsome and popular         D.honest and popular
57.The underlined sentence “That would be the last straw” suggests that the writer______.
A.cared much about Reed’s attitude
B.thought Reed was different from the rest
C.couldn’t stand Carlos making fun of her
D.hoped Reed was unaware of the event
58.According to the passage, what happened in the end?
A.Carlos and the author hurt each other.
B.Reed and the author fell into love with each other.
C.The author changed attitude and turned to be confident.
D.Carlos was finally elected president of student committee.

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