Invention is a creative process. An open and curious mind enables one to see beyond what is known. Seeing a new possibility, a new connection or relationship can spark(引发) an invention. Inventive thinking frequently involves combining concepts or elements from different fields that would not normally be put together. Sometimes inventors skip over the boundaries between separate fields. Ways of thinking, materials, processes or tools from one field are used as no one else has imagined in a different field.
Play can lead to invention. Childhood curiosity like playing in a sand box, imagination can develop one’s play nature—an inner need according to Carl Jung. Inventors feel the need to play with things that interest them, and to explore, and this internal drive brings about interesting creations.
Inventing can also be an obsession(痴迷). Inventors often imagine a new idea, seeing it in their mind’s eye. New ideas can arise when the conscious mind turns away from the subject or problem; or when the focus is on something else; or even while relaxing or sleeping. An unusual idea may come all of a sudden! For example, after years of working to figure out the general theory of relativity, the solution came to Einstein suddenly in a dream “like a giant die making an unforgettable impress, a huge map of the universe summarized itself in one clear vision”.
Invention can also be accidental. Insight(洞察力) is also an important element of invention. It may begin with questions or doubt. It may begin by recognizing something unusual. It may be useful and it could open a new way for exploration. For example, the odd metallic color of plastic made by accidentally adding too much catalyst(催化剂) led scientists to explore its metal-like properties(性能). They then invented electrically conductive plastic and light emitting(散发) plastic—an invention that won the Nobel Prize in 2000 and has led to new kind of lighting, display screens, wallpaper and much more.
Title: 1
| A(n) 3 process |
◆Look 2 than we know now. ◆Give combining concepts or 4 elements from different fields. ◆No one can 5 this before. |
| An obsession |
◆ 6 often imagine a new idea. ◆An unusual idea may come 7 . |
| A(n) 8 |
◆A vital element of invention is 9 . ◆It may open a new way for exploration. ◆Accidental actions can 10 to innovation. |
Margaret, married with two small children, has been working for the last seven years as a night cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building.
She trained as a nurse, but had to give it up when her elder child became seriously ill. “I would have liked to go back to it, but the shifts（工作班次）are all wrong for me, as I have to be home to get the children up and off to school.”
So she works as a cleaner instead, from 9 p.m. till 6 a.m. five nights a week for just ￡90, before tax and insurance. “It’s better than it was last year, but I still think that people who work ‘unsocial hours’ should get a bit extra.”
The hours she’s chosen to work mean that she sees plenty of the children, but very little of her husband. However, she doesn’t think that puts any pressure on their relationship.
Her work isn’t physically very hard, but it’s not exactly pleasant, either. “I do get angry with people who leave their offices like a place for raising pigs. If they realized people like me have to do it, perhaps they’d be a bit more careful.”
The fact that she’s working all night doesn’t worry Margaret at all. Unlike some dark buildings at night, the building where she works is fully lit, and the women work in groups of three. “Since I’ve got to be here, I try to enjoy myself—— and I usually do, because of the other girls. We all have a good laugh, so the time never drags.”
Another challenge Margaret has to face is the reaction of other people when she tells them what she does for a living. “They think you’re a cleaner because you don’t know how to read and write,” said Margaret, “I used to think what my parents would say if they knew what I’d been doing, but I don’t think that way any more. I don’t dislike the work though I can’t say I’m mad about it.”Margaret quit her job as a nurse because _______.
| A．she wanted to earn more money to support her family |
| B．she had suffered a lot of mental pressure |
| C．she needed the right time to look after her children |
| D．she felt tired of taking care of patients |
Margaret gets angry with people who work in the office because _______.
| A．they never clean their offices |
| B．they look down upon cleaners |
| C．they never do their work carefully |
| D．they always make a mess in their offices |
When at work, Margaret feels _______.
| A．light-hearted because of her fellow workers |
| B．happy because the building is fully lit |
| C．tired because of the heavy workload |
| D．bored because time passes slowly |
The underlined part in the last paragraph implies that Margaret’s parents would _______.
| A．help care for her children |
| B．regret what they had said |
| C．show sympathy for her |
| D．feel disappointed in her |
阅读下面短文,根据以下提示:1)汉语提示,2)首字母提示,3)语境提示,在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词,并将该词完整地写在右边相对应的横线上. 所填单词要求意义准确,拼写正确.
An American best-seller has been popular among the students in our
School_______(最近)．It is so inspiring that I would like 76._____
to recommend it to you．This book，Chicken Soup for the Soul,
w by Jack Canfield 77.______ first appeared______1993 and soon became a best-seller． 78.______
It will surely inspire readers of all______(年龄)． 79.______
It has been put into many languages，spreading love to
all over the world. B ，an English version 80._____
is of g ___ help to us English learners as it will help 81.____
improve our English．It costs 64 yuan, ______you can get 82.____
it for 54.4 yuan through online shopping，which will__ (节省) 83.____
you 9.6 yuan．You can order it at www.dangdang.com，and g ___ 84.____
the book within one week after your payment．
For more ______please visit the website． 85.______
语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
Exercise is good for you, but most people really know very little about __31___ to exercise properly. So when you try, you __32___ run into trouble.
Many people believe that when specific muscles are exercised, the fat in the neighbouring area is “burned up”. Yet the truth is __33___ exercise burns fat from all over the body.
Studies show muscles which are not exercised lose their strength very quickly. To regain it __34___ (need) 48-72 hours and exercise every other day will keep a normal level of physical strength.
To lose weight you should always “work up a good sweat” when __35___ (exercise). Sweating only reduces body temperature to prevent heating. This is nothing __36___ water loss.
Walking is the best and easy-to-do exercise. ___37__ helps the circulation of blood throughout the body, and has a direct effect ___38__ your overall feeling of health. Experience says that 20 minutes’ exercise __39___ day is minimum amount. But if your breathing doesn’t return to normal state within minutes __40___ you finish exercising, you’ve done too much.
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31～40的相应位置上。
Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. 31 these proverbs, there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.
It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960 — 1279) was very anxious to help 33 rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34 day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.
One day, he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.
He was very tired 36 doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high).
His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.
This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention.
第二节：语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
仔细阅读下面的短文，短文中有10个空格。请按照每小题括号内的具体要求完成语法填空和词形变化。（每格填1~2个单词）
Several days before July 28, 1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan. They were signs for the earthquake. 31 (副词), people in the city of Tangshan thought 32 of these. At 3:42 am that day, the earth began to shake, 33 destroyed the city. Steam（蒸汽） 34 (burst) from holes in the ground. It gave 35 smelly gas. Many buildings fell into bricks all of a sudden like pieces of dominos. Many people, 36 (include) workers and doctors, came to rescue those 37 (trap) under the ruins. Later that afternoon, 38 (限定词) big earthquake struck Tangshan. More people were killed or injured and more buildings fell down. Soldiers were called in to help the rescue workers. Teams 39 (organize) to dig out those under the ruins and bury the dead. 40 number of the miners who were rescued from coal mines reached almost 10,000. With the help from all over the country, Tangshan began to recover slowly.
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