If teens could reduce the salt they take in every day by 3,000 milligrams (mg), they would cut their risk of heart disease and stroke(中风) greatly in adulthood, researchers say.
Based on the results of a computer modeling analysis, researchers found that a 3,000 mg reduction in sodium(钠) by teenagers could reduce hypertension by 30 percent to 43 percent when they become adults.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common condition that may have no symptoms for years, but can eventually cause serious health conditions, including heart attack and stroke.
Other benefits over time as teens hit 50 years of age include a 7-12 percent reduction in coronary heart disease(冠心病), an 8-14 percent reduction in heart attacks, and a 5-8 percent reduction in stroke.
Fast food typically contains too much sodium. One bag of Nacho Cheese Doritos has 310 milligrams. Pizza is one of the biggest problems for teens when it comes to sodium, according to data from the National Center for Health Statistics.
“The additional benefit of lower salt intake early is that we can hopefully change the expectations of how food should taste, ideally to something slightly less salty,” says Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, the lead author of the study and associate professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco.
“Most of the salt we eat is not from our salt shaker(盐瓶), but salt that is already added in food that we eat.” she added.Which is a benefit of a low sodium diet according to the text?
| A．No risk of heart disease. | B．Smaller chance of stroke. |
| C．Low blood pressure. | D．Slightly more heart attacks. |
According to the text, 3,000 mg less salt intake daily will reduce hypertension by ________ in adulthood.
| A．7%-12% | B．8%-14% | C．30%-43% | D．5%-8% |
What does Dr Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo mean in the last two paragraphs?
| A．A lower sodium diet can get teenagers used to less salty food. |
| B．A good eating habit can help teens have less junk food. |
| C．Teens should avoid pizzas and other salty foods. |
| D．We can add more salt from our salt shaker to the food. |
Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
| A．Teens Cutting Salt for Healthier Adulthood |
| B．Diet and Health |
| C．Sodium Brings Health Concerns |
| D．A Cause of Hypertension |
Many parents have learned the hard way that what sounds like open communication is otfen the very thing that closes a youngster’s ears and mouth, One common mistake is the Lecture, the long monologue that often starts with “When I was your age……”Eighteen –year –old Kelly calls lectures “Long , one-side discussions in which I don’t say much.”
Kids reflexively（条件反射地）shout down in the face of a lecture , Their eyes glaze over（呆滞）,and they don’t register any incoming information , Listen to 13-year –old Sarah describe her least favorite times with her mom and dad, “First, they scream, Then comes the“We’re so disappointed’ speech , Then the ‘I never did that to my parents’ lecture begins , After that, even if they realize how ridiculous they sound, they never take it back’”.
Lines like “When you have children of your own, you’ll understand” have been seriously said by parents since time immemorial, But many of our expert parents, like Bobby , a registered nurse and mother of three, feel that by falling back on cliches（陈词滥调）to justify our actions, we weaken our position.
Since kids are creatures of here and now, the far-off future has no relevance to them, Therefore ,good communicators like Bobby suggest, “Give specific reasons for your actions in present language:‘I’m not letting you go to the party because I don’t think there will be enough adult supervisions（监护）”。
Betty, who lives in Missouri ,uses and indirect approach, “I find that warnings are accepted more readily if I discuss a news article on a subject I am concerned about, My husband and I talk about it while our children absorb the information, Then they never think I’m preaching（布道）”.
This really helped when Betty’s kids began driving , Instead of constantly repeating “Don’t drink; don’t speed”, She would talk about articles in the paper and express sympathy for the victims of a car crash, Betty made no special effort to draw her kids into the conversation, She depended on a teenager’s strong desire to put in his opinions—especially if he thinks he isn’t being asked for them.The purpose of the passage is to
| A．compare two ways of parents’ communicating with their kids |
| B．give parents advice on how to communicate with their kids |
| C．explain why kids won’t listen to their parents |
| D．introduce kids’ reaction to the communication between them and their parents |
Which of the following statements is NOT right?
| A．Kids won’t listen to their parents because they think what their parents say is boring |
| B．Many kids think they have no right to express their own opinions |
| C．Some kids think their parents should apologize when they are wrong |
| D．Kids don’t like any discussion at all. |
What does the underlined word in the first paragraph mean?
| A．独白 | B．对话 | C．插话 | D．讨论 |
Which of the following topic may appeal to kids?
| A．Parents own experience |
| B．Kids possible life in the future |
| C．Something related to kids’ present life |
| D．What parents have done to their own parents |
In order to make kids follow their advice, parents should
| A．tell their kids to listen carefully |
| B．set out their warnings directly |
| C．list out as many examples as possible |
| D．arouse kids’ desire to express themselves |
The name sounds funny but the idea is no joke: it’s a personal toilet called the pee-pool, Anders Wilhelmson, a Swedish architect, is the inventor of the pee-pool.
He became interested in the idea of sanitation(卫生设施) after taking part in a research project on the social and political development of cities, One of the most common problems he found in developing countries was the lack of toilets, He wanted to do something to help, So working with others, he started the project in 2005, and the next year started a company called Peepoolple.
The toilet is a single—use bag made of environmentally friendly plastics, The inside is treated with urea （尿素）, a chemical commonly used as fertilizer, The hotter the weather, the more quickly the waste turns into what is needed by plants The sanitation process can be as soon as a couple of hours or as long as two to four weeks ,You can just bury it in a pot and grow whatever you like.
The company expects to start selling the bags in August in Kenya and Bangladesh, But it is just beginning production and sales in Nairobi now , Full production could reach about half a million bags a day and people may be able to buy the pee-pool in countries Vietnam, Bangladesh, etc.
The United Nations says more than two and a half billion people around the world do not have good sanitation ,Many have no choice but to use the outdoors, which is not only bad for the environment ,but also harmful to people’s health, Each year, poor sanitation leads to three fifths of those people getting an infectious disease which on average causes one out of 1,000 patients to die.
Jack Smith ,the founder of the World Toilet Organization ,says “This is quite an unacceptable situation given the fact that we are living in the modem world , And strangely, many of them own televisions ,phones but have no toilet.”What was the original purpose of Anders Wilhelmson in starting the company?
| A．To protect the local environment |
| B．To earn a lot of money from the project |
| C．To do research on the social development |
| D．To help solve the problem of lack of toilets in developing countries |
What can be learned about the pee-pool from the passage?
| A．It can be used over again |
| B．Its sanitation process doesn’t last long |
| C．It works better in summer than in winter |
| D．It should be buried in a pot after being used |
In which place can people buy the Pee-pool now?
| A．Nairobi | B．Vietnam | C．Sweden | D．Bangladesh |
The fifth paragraph is written mainly to tell us that
| A．poor sanitation may cause many problems |
| B．many people don’t care for the environment |
| C．many people get ill from using the outdoors |
| D．quite a number of people died from poor sanitation |
The underlined word“This ”in the last paragraph probably refers to
| A．the outdoors being damaged |
| B．many places being shout of toilets |
| C．many people having TVs and phones |
| D．many people getting an infection disease |
It was the beginning of the school year a few years ago and I had a little boy in my class who came from a non – English speaking home, He was very quiet and shy, I wasn’t sure how much he understood during the school day and I was especially concerned that he just stood by himself at break time and did not play, If I tried to talk to him , he would turn away and tightly shut his eyes to hide from me.
After a day or two of this, I decided to seek the help from one of my outgoing and friendly little girls, I called her over and she ran to me , ready to help.
I immediately began a long speech about what I needed from her, I asked her if she would try to get him to play, and I started talking quickly about all these suggestions on how she could start communication with him , I explained she could do that , she could try this idea, she could try that idea, “Don’t worry, I speak kid” And she ran off.
I stood there all alone, silently watching her, It took less than a minute for the two new friends to urn off, hand in hand , happily joining a game of tag （捉人游戏）taking place all over the gym.
I often think of that small moment, about what I learned and how important it is for all teachers to speak kid --- big kid, little kid and middle kid , I know my focus must be on teaching students how to think , how to approach problems ,and how to figure out solutions and teaching them never to let the opportunity away , We must be ready to learn from our students because those “teachable moments ”during the school days are for us , the teachers, as well as our kids.Why did the author worry about the boy?
| A．He didn’t dare to look at the author in the eyes |
| B．He couldn’t speak English as well as other students |
| C．He failed to understand what the author taught |
| D．He was unwilling to communicate with others |
After the girl agreed to help, the author
| A．taught her what to do in detail |
| B．thanked her for her willingness to help |
| C．thanked her for her willingness to help |
| D．reminded her of what she should be careful about |
By saying “I speak kid ”,the girl meant that she could
| A．speak the language that kids understand |
| B．speak the boy’s native language |
| C．know what kids want to day |
| D．speak well like a little kid |
The underlined words“the opportunity”refer to the chance to
| A．play at break time | B．learn from students | C．solve problems | D．speak kid |
What can we learn from the passage?
| A．Gold will shine everywhere |
| B．Children are more friendly than adults |
| C．Teachers’ thoughts are different form students’ |
| D．You learn something every day if you pay attention |
Future history books might record that we were robbed of the use of our eyes ,In our hurry to get from one place to another, we fail to see anything on the way, Air travel gives you a bird’s –eye view of the world ---or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way, When you travel by car or train , you are moving so quickly that you do not see the countryside clearly , Car drivers are forever thinking about going on and on; they never want to stop, Is it the great motorways ,that attract them, or what? And as for sea travel ,it hardly deserves mention ,It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song：’I joined the navy to see the world ,and what did I see? I saw the sea’. You mention the place names in the world like EI Dorado, Kabul and someone is sure to say‘I’ve been there’meaning ,‘I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else.’
When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing :you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place, But actual arrival ,when it is achieved , is meaningless , You want to move on again . By traveling like this, you suspend （中止）all experience; the present stops being a reality：you might just as well be dead.
The traveler on foot, on the other hand , lives constantly in the present, For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes, He experiences, the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body, At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical tiredness, Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travelers.The underlined words “get in your way”in Paragraph I can be replaced, by .
| A．block your sights |
| B．expend your range of vision |
| C．prevent you from going out of the plane halfway |
| D．make your travel continue |
What does the author think of the travelers mentioned in Paragraph 1?
| A．They get a good view of the landscape |
| B．They make full use of their eyes |
| C．They fail to see the scenery with their heart |
| D．They are eager to see everything on the way. |
Why does “the present”mean “nothing ”when we travel at high speeds?
| A．Because we change our aims all the time |
| B．Because we are eager to go to another place |
| C．Because we are looking forward to the future life |
| D．Because we cannot enjoy the experience we have had |
What will the author most probably advise us to do?
| A．To go hiking in the mountain | B．To travel at a high speed |
| C．To travel by car or train | D．To go around the world |
What would be the best title for the passage?
| A．Different travelers | B．The use of eyes |
| C．Ways of traveling | D．True traveling |
B
The above posts center on a blog passage written by ________.
| A．Wendy | B．Julie | C．Anne | D．Nancy |
How many people have joined in the discussion?
| A．2 | B．3 | C．5 | D．7 |
Nancy and Anne share the opinion that _________.
| A．work can bring joy to people |
| B．creativity may help reduce depression |
| C．beauty is the most important in life |
| D．different people handle things differently |
Which of the following about Julie is NOT true?
| A．Julie is the CEO of a company. |
| B．Julie was once attracted to artwork. |
| C．Julie has never been attacked publicly. |
| D．Julie was honest about her past experiences. |
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