Coffeeisoneoftheworldsmostwide

更新 2022-09-03
科目英语
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Coffee is one of the world's most widely-enjoyed drinks. Now, a new research suggests that if you drink enough coffee, it might help you avoid certain kinds of cancer.
Dr. Mia Hashibe of the University of Utah School of Medicine was interested in the connection between coffee drinking and certain cancers of the head and neck. Researchers have looked into this before, but without reaching any firm conclusions. She said, "So this finding from our new study was quite a surprise. We didn't really have any expectation of which direction it could go into."
To sort out the confusion, Hashibe and her assistants used statistical (统计学 ) techniques to, in effect, make one big study out of the earlier smaller studies. She explained, "Thanks to the earlier studies, we have a lot more power than earlier studies that looked at this. And we included 4,000 cancer patients who have cancer of the mouth and throat. And then 9,000 controls, people who do not have cancer. '
Those studies--in Europe and the United States--found that people who drank a lot of coffee were less likely to develop cancers of the mouth and throat. "We saw a protective effect for drinking more than 4 cups of coffee per day," Hashibe said. "This was the 40 percent decrease in risk. We did not see the same effect for drinking three cups or less per day."
Mia Hashibe said there was a weak connection between cancer risk and drinking coffee without caffeine. And she and her assistants found no proof that drinking tea provided the same protection as drinking Coffee. Their research is published in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.
Hashibe says it is not clear how coffee might protect drinkers from certain cancers. "There are a few chemicals that are known to be antioxidants （抗氧化物）in coffee. So we are thinking perhaps they are playing some sort of protective role against several cancers."
This passage is probably taken from __

A．a literature book	B．a travel journal
C．an old directory	D．a medical magazine

Dr. Hashibe expected nothing of her research because __

A．it was impossible to get the desired result	B．the research was much surprising in fact
C．no conclusions had been reached before	D．the research team lacked faith in success

Which of the following might have something to do with the protection against mouth cancer?

A．Coffee without chemicals.	B．Coffee without caffeine.
C．Four cups of tea a day.	D．Antioxidants in coffee.

What do we know about Dr. Mia Hashibe and her research?

A．She knew for sure how coffee may affect drinkers.

B．She included 4,000 people without cancer in study.

C．She found an effect for three cups of coffee a day.

D．She based her research on several earlier studies.

What would be the best title for the text?

A．Drinking Coffee May Protect Some Cancers	B．Drinking Coffee May Prevent Some Cancers
C．Drinking Coffee May Cure Some Caneers	D．Drinking Coffee May Cause Some Cancers

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When Toyota’s president, Akio Toyoda, apologized for the recalls that have harmed Toyota’s reputation, he talked not just about his company’s fate, but also his nation’s.
“I hope to return Toyota to profit and contribute to the revitalization of Japan,” he said.
Once a leading symbol of Japan’s rise to global economic might, Toyota has become one of the most obvious signs of its decline. And even before the recalls, Japan’s rivals(竞争对手) from South Korea and China had started overtaking Japan in key industries from semi－conductors to flat-panel televisions. And Toyota on Tuesday issued another damaging recall, this time of its popular Prius car.
“At this rate, Japan will sink into the sea,” said Masatomo Tanaka, a professor at the Institute of Technologists. “If Toyota is not healthy, then Japan is not healthy.”
Many economists and business leaders say they hope that Toyota’s trouble will be the wake – up call that Japan needs to understand that its reliance on manufacturing(制造业) and industrial exports, which served the country so well after World War II, is no longer wise.
Yukio Noguchi, a professor of finance at Waseda University in Tokyo, said Japan must finally step into a post - industrial, service-based economy — a painful shift that the United States and Great Britain underwent in the 1980s. Others said Japan should focus on high-end, high-profit products, like robots and fuel cells, rather than mass-produced goods subject to quality-control issues.
“Even Toyota can fail. Even Lexus, even Prius,” said Mr. Noguchi. “Our world-leading manufacturing industry may no longer world-leading. This has a strong impact on the national psyche.”
According to the Cabinet Office, manufacturing accounted for 22% of Japan’s entire economic output in 2008, down from 28% in 1990. however, manufacturing’s share of the economy still remains far above the level of 12% in the US. And few economists or journalists here advocate abrupt shifting. Rather, the feeling is that Japan needs to find a new balance by replacing its traditional industries with more information technology and software industries in which it is weak.
Yet this shift will be hard for Japan, where many policy makers and experts still seem to cling to the old model of heavy industries and consumer goods. If Japan can pull it off, it could serve as a model for other export – dependent Asian nations, which will also eventually face the same choice.
“I hope that Toyota will change our way of looking at our economy,” Mr Noguchi said. “We cannot survive if we continue to stick to the old type of industries.”
67．Since the Second World War,          have been contributing much to Japan’s economy.
A．high – end and high – profit products like robots and fuel cells
B．manufacturing and industrial exports
C．information technology and software industries
D．industries from semi – conductors to panel – televisions
68．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage above?
A．Few Japanese economists advocate a rapid shift into a service – based economy.
B．Most journalists in Japan advocate an abrupt change into a post – industrial economy.
C．Many economists hold that it is too early for Japan to shift into a service – based economy.
D．No Japanese reporters think it high time for Japan to step into a post – industrial economy.
69．The underlined part “cling to” probably means         in the passage.
A．hold on to       B．keep up with    C．turn to      D．pick up
70．From the passage we know the way out for Japan to get itself free from its decline consists in
.
A．keeping up its reliance on manufacturing
B．continuing to focus on its industrial export
C．speeding up its shift into a post – industrial economy
D．increasing its manufacturing

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An analysis by Mount Sinai researchers of over eight years of dietary data from more than 400,000 people has found that the relationship between high consumption of fruits and vegetables and a reduced risk of cancer is not as strong as commonly thought. The study is published online April 6, 2010 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. It is widely believed that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of cancer. In 1990, the WHO recommended eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day to prevent cancer and other diseases. However, although many studies have been conducted since then, none have been able to confirm an association between fruit and vegetable intake and cancer resistance.
Paolo Boffetta, MD, MPH, lead author of the study and Deputy Director of The Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, and colleagues analyzed data from the EPIC study to evaluate relationships between cancer risk and intake of total fruit and vegetables combined.
The EPIC followers, which are ongoing and organized by professor Elio Riboli at Imperial College in London, included 142,605 men and 335,873 women surveyed between 1992 and 2000 from 10 Western European countries. Detailed information on their dietary habits and lifestyle differences was obtained. After 8.7 years of follow – up, more than 30,000 of the study's participants were diagnosed with cancer.
Dr. Boffetta and colleagues found a small but significant opposite relationship between high intake of fruits and vegetables and overall cancer risk. In this population, an increase of 200 grams a day of fruits and vegetables resulted in a reduction of about 3 percent of cancer risk. Vegetable consumption by itself also afforded a modest benefit but was restricted to women. Heavy drinkers who ate many fruits and vegetables had a somewhat reduced risk, but only for cancers caused by smoking and alcohol.
"The bottom line here is that, yes, we did find a protective effect of fruit and vegetable intake against cancer, but it is a smaller connection than previously thought," said Dr. Boffetta. "Any cancer protective effect of these foods is likely to be modest, at best.
"However, eating fruits and vegetables is beneficial for health in general and the results of this study do not justify changing current recommendations aiming at increasing intake of these foods," said Dr. Boffetta.
63．A new study shows that         .
A．eating fruits and vegetables is beneficial to health
B．a diet rich in fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of cancer
C．eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day can prevent cancer and other diseases
D．the association between fruit and vegetable intake and cancer resistance is small
64．Before this study, people would believe that        .
A．high intake of fruits and vegetables can prevent cancer and other diseases
B．heavy drinkers have the slightest chance of cancer
C．the WHO’s recommendations were modest
D．the WHO’s recommendations aim at increasing intake of fruits and vegetables
65．The population who took part in this study amounted to       .
A．142,605    B．335,873    C．more than 400,000   D．30,000
66．From this study, we can infer that         .
A．the intake of fruits and vegetables will be no longer necessary
B．the connection between fruits and vegetables intakes and cancer resistance is smaller than originally thought
C．taking in fruits and vegetables will still be appreciated in spite of the new discovery
D．any cancer protective effect of these foods is likely to be modest

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It is love that makes the world go round. And it is also love that has such power to overcome all difficulties. So we say: “Love will find a way.” As smile is a facial expression showing pleasure, affection, and friendliness, it is the commonest way to show our good will perfectly without saying anything. A Chinese saying runs: “never hit a person who is smiling at you.” It is a time-proven fact that the smile is a language all its own— a universal language—understood by the people of every nation in the world. We may not speak the same tongue as our foreign neighbors, but we smile in the same tongue. We need no interpreter for thus expressing love, happiness, or good will.
One day while shopping in a small town in southern California, it was my misfortune to be approached by a clerk whose personality contradicted mine. He seemed most unfriendly and not at all concerned about my intended purchase. I bought nothing, and marched angrily out of the store. My anger toward that grew with each step. Outside, standing at the corner, was a dark-complexion young man in his early twenties. His expressive brown eyes met and held mine, and in the next instant a beautiful, dazzling smile covered his face. I gave in immediately. The magnetic power of that shining smile drove away all bitterness within me, and I found the muscles in my own face happily responding. “Beautiful day, isn’t it?” I remarked, in passing. The, suddenly something inside me sent me turning back. “I really owe you a debt of gratitude,” I said softly. His smile deepened, but he made no attempt to answer. A Mexican woman and two men were standing nearby. The woman stepped forward and eyed me inquiringly. “Carlos, he no speak English,” she volunteered. “You want I should tell him something?” In that moment I felt transformed. Carlos’ smile had made a big person of me. My friendliness and good will to ward all mankind stood ten feet tall. “Yes,” my reply was enthusiastic and sincere, “tell him I said ‘Thank you!’” “Thank you?” The woman seemed slightly puzzled. I gave her arm a friendly pat as I turned to leave. “Just tell him that,” I insisted. “He’ll understand. I am sure!” Oh, what a smile can do! Although I have never seen that young man again, I shall never forget the lesson he taught me that morning.
From that day on, I became smile – conscious, and I practice the diligently, anywhere and everywhere, with everybody. When I got excited in traffic, taking the right – of – way (公路用地) from the other car with my stupid mistake, I’d smile and shrug my shoulders apologetically. This action on my part would always draw a good – natured smile in return. If the other fellow was at fault – and if I could remember my resolution in time! – he’d get a broad smile of understanding. This took a bit of doing at first. I’ll admit it wasn’t always easy, but it was fun. The results were sometimes amazing. Many times, a broad, friendly smile would completely turn aside ill – feeling and tension. I’m wondering now how many tragic add dents could be avoided on our overcrowded highways, if every driver remembered to smile!
59．The author got angry while shopping one day because         .
A．of the clerk’s unfriendliness and lack of concern
B．of her misfortune
C．she failed to purchase what she intended
D．a dark – complexion young man laughed at her
60．From the conversation between the author and the Mexican woman, we can infer that the woman         .
A．was well – educated but unwilling to help others
B．was able to speak English
C．knew some English and was ready to help others
D．was familiar with the young man
61．In the author’s opinion, if all people remembered to smile when driving,         .
A．many traffic accidents could be avoided
B．they would receive a good natural smile in return
C．they could get a broad smile of understanding
D．they wouldn’t feel any tension
62．The best title for this passage could be          .
A．The Art of Smiling B．The Universal Language
C．The Power of Love D．The Magic Power of Friendship

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第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
[AP Eeb.8] Costa Ricans have elected their first woman president as the ruling party candidate Laura Chinchilla won in an election after campaigning to continue free market policies in Central America’s most stable nation Sunday night.
[Reuters Feb. 19]The leader of Niger’s military junta（军政府）made his first public appearance on Friday, a day after toppling（推翻）President Mamadou Tandja, but made no mention of any timetable to elections.
[Reuters Feb. 20] The Dutch coalition（联合）government collapsed on Saturday after the two largest parties disagreed over whether to withdraw the 2,000 Dutch troops from Afghanistan as planned this year.
[The Guardian Feb. 25]Viktor Yanukovych took the oath of office in the Verkhovan Rada, the Ukrainian parliament, iv Kiev today, with the ceremony coming after weeks of protest（抗议）over claimed cheating following his victory in February’s president election.
[The Guardian Feb.27] One of the world’s most powerful earthquakes in a century struck Chile on Saturday, killing at least 214 people, knocking down buildings and causing a tsunami that threatened Pacific coastlines as far away as Hawaii and Japan.
[AP Mar. 8]Kathryn Bigelow made Oscar history Sunday night, becoming the first woman to win best director at the Academy Awards for her Iraq War movie “The Hurt Locker”, which earned six Oscars, including one for best picture.
56．Laura Chinchilla’s success in her president election probably has something to do with      .
A．her being a woman
B．her campaign in Central America
C．her being a ruling candidate
D．her efforts to continue free market policies in her nation
57．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the news above?
A．The Academy Awards saw no women winners before Kathryn Bigelow.
B．Viktor Yanukovych won his president election by means of cheating.
C．The Dutch haven’t decided whether to withdraw its troops from Afghanistan.
D．The earthquake that happened in Chile caused a serious tsunami in Hawaii and Japan.
58．All the following events happened on the American Continent except        .
A．Laura Chinchilla became the first woman president in Costa Rica
B．Kathryn Bigelow became thee first woman to win best director in Oscar history.
C．the leader of Niger’s military junta toppled President Mamadou Tandja
D．a very powerful earthquake hit Chile on Saturday

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Stonehenge（巨石阵）may have been a prehistoric health center rather than a site for observing stars or a temple in honor of the dead, scientists said yesterday. New evidence unearthed at the World Heritage Site in more than 40 years suggests that the monument was a place where the diseased and injured went in groups, seeking cures.
After a two-week dig, scientists have concluded that Stonehenge was “the ancient healthcare centre of southern England” because of the existence of “bluestones”---the smaller columns of dolerite（辉绿岩）that formed an earlier stone structure.
By dating pieces of remains to around 7330BC, Tim Darvill, of Bournemouth University, and Goff Wainwright, of the Society of Amtiquaries have found that hunter-gatherers were at the site on Salisbury Plain 4,000 years earlier than thought. The first stage of Stonehenge, a round earthwork structure, was built around 3000BC. Professor Wainwright added: “I did not expect the degree of complexity we discovered. We’re able to say so much more about when Stonehenge was built and why---all of which changes our previous understanding of the monument.”
The research reveals the importance of the henge’s famous bluestones. Hundreds of bluestone chips gathered at the site have led the team to conclude that the bluestones were valued for their curing effects---the key reason that about 80 of them, each weighing up to 4 tons and a half, were dragged more than 150 miles from the Preseli Hills to Wiltshire. After years of research, Professors Darvill and Wainwright have concluded that, for thousands of years, the Preseli mountain range was home to magical health centers and holy wells.
Even today there are those who believe in the curing powers of the springs for coughs and heart disease, and people who use crystals and bluestones for self-curing. Radiocarbon tests have also revealed that the construction of the original bluestone circle took place around 2300BC, three centuries later than originally thought. Interestingly, on the same day died the “Amesbury Archer”---a sick traveler from the Swiss or German Alps who had an infected knee---whose remains were discovered about five miles from Stonehenge. The professors believe that he was a devoted religious person who was hoping to benefit from the curing powers of the monument.
76．Stonehenge is recently believed to be a place for people           .
A．to recover from poor health    B．to observe star movements
C．to hold religious ceremonies   D．to gather huge bluestones
77．What can be inferred about Stonehenge from the passage?
A．The springs could cure coughs and heart disease best.
B．The new discovery was the same as what had been expected.
C．Some huge bluestones were not produced at Stonehenge.
D．The original bluestone circle was thought to be constructed around 2000BC.
78．The sick traveler in the passage is supposed to be           .
A．a devoted religious person from Stonehenge
B．one of the earliest discoverers of Stonehenge
C．the first explorer to test the magical power of bluestones
D．a patient trying to cure his infection at Stonehenge
79．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A．Stonehenge: A New Place of Interest     B．Stonehenge: Still Making News
C．Stonehenge: Heaven for Adventurers     D．Stonehenge: Still Curing Patients

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