Inaugural Address－John F. Kennedy
delivered 20 January 1961
We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom—symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning—signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.
The world is very different now, for man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe–the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God.
We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans—born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.
Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty.
This much we pledge—and more…
In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility -- I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it. And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.
And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.
My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.
Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.
What should friends and foes know?
| A．That the United States is powerful. |
| B．That a new generation of Americans are responsible for their government. |
| C．That the United States is governed by liberals. |
| D．That the rights of man come from the hand of God. |
What is Kennedy’s promise to the world?
| A．To support liberty. | B．To abolish all forms of human poverty. |
| C．To visit each country at least once. | D．To support any friend. |
What should citizens of the world ask of America?
| A．How America can help them. |
| B．If America plans to invade their country. |
| C．What they can do for freedom. |
| D．What they can do for America. |
Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?
| A．Human beings have the power to put an end to all forms of poverty. |
| B．We should remember we are the first revolution. |
| C．Our nation has always been committed to human rights. |
| D．We should assure the survival and the success of liberty. |
Driving a Car is not just handing controls and judging speed and distance, it requires you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected. When alcohol is consumed, it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depressant(抑制药), damaging eyesight, judgment and co-ordination（协调）,slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents. Even below the drink driving limit, driving will be affected.
Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain. Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice. To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.
The present traffic ordinance states clearly that the limit of alcohol concentration is:
●50 milligrams of alcohol per l00ml of blood; or
●22 milligrams of alcohol per l00ml of breath; or
●67 milligrams of alcohol per l00ml of urine(尿液)
Drivers who cause traffic accidents, or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested.
Any drive found drinking beyond the limit will be charged. The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK﹩25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 driving-offence points; or temporarily banned from driving.
The same punishment applies to failing to provide specimens (样本) far breath, blood or urine tests without good excuse.
Drink driving is a criminal offence. Be a responsible, driver, think before you drink. For the safety of yourself and other road users, never drive after consuming alcohol.
| 1． |
The first paragraph is mainly about.
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| 2． |
The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refers to ""．
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| 3． |
which of me following is TRUE according to the passage?
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| 4． |
A driver suspected of drink driving.
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It was Saturday . As always, it was a busy one, for "Six days shall you labor and do all your work" was taken seriously back then. Outside,Father and Mr. Patrick next door were busy chopping firewood. Inside their own houses, Mother and Mrs. Patrick were engaged in spring cleaning.
Somehow the boys had slipped away to the back lot with their kites. Now, even at the risk of having Brother caught to beat carpets , they had sent him to the kitchen for string(线). It seemed there was no limit to the heights to which kites would fly today.
My mother looked at the sitting room ,its furniture disorderd for a thorough sweeping, Agun she cast a look toward the window. "Come on, girls ! Let's take string to the boys and watch them
On the way we met Mrs. Patrick, laughing guiltily as if she were doing something
wrong, together with her girls.
There never was such a day for flying kited! We played all our fresh string into the boys' kites and they went up higher and higher .We could hardly distinguish the orange-colored spots of the kites. Now and then we slowly pulled one kite back, watching it dancing up and down it the wind, and finally bringing it down to earth , just for the joy of sending it up again.
Even our fathers dropped their tools and joined us. Our mothers took their turn, laughing like schoolgirls. I think we were all beside ourselves. Parents forgot their duty and their dignity; children forgot their everyday fights and little jealousies. "Perhaps it's like this in the kingdom of heaven," I thought confusedly.
It was growing dark before we all walked sleepily back to house. I suppose we had some sort of supper. I suppose there must have been a surface tidying-up, for the house on Sunday looked clean and orderly enough. The strange thing was , we didn't mention that day afterward. I flt a little embarrassed .Surely none of the others had been as excited as I. I locked the memory up in that deepest part of me where we keep"the things that cannot be and yet they are."
The years went on, then one day I was hurrying about my kitchen in a city apartment, trying to get some work out of the way while my three-year-old insistently cried her desire to "go park ,see duck."
"I can't go!" I said. "I have this and this to do, and when I'm through I'll be too tired to walk that for."
My mother , who was visiting us , looked up from the peas she was shelling ,"It's a wonderful day,"she offered，"Really warm , yet there's a fine breczc . Do you remember that day we flew kites?"
I stopped in my dash between stove and sink . The looked door flew open and with it a rush of memories. "Come on."I told my little girl. "You're right , it's too good a day to miss."
Another decade passed. We were in the aftermath (余波)of a great war. All evening we had been asking our returned soldier, the youngest Patrick Boy, about his experiences as a prisoner of war. He had talked freely , but now for a long time he had been silent . What was he thinking of - what dark and horrible things?
"Say!" A smile slipped out from his lips . "Do you remember --- no, of course you wouldn't . It probably didn't make the impression on you as it did on me."
I hardly dared speak."Remember what ?"
"I used to think of that day a lot in POW camp(战俘营), when things weren't too good. Do you remember the day we flew the kites?"
| 1． |
Mrs. Patrick was laughing guiltily because she thought.
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| 2． |
By"we were all beside ourselves", the writer means that they all
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| 3． |
What did the writer think after the kite-flying?
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| 4． |
Why did the writer finally agree to take her little girl for an outing?
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| 5． |
The youngest Patrick Boy is mentioned to show that
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In the more and more competitive scrvice industry , it is no longer enough to promise customrr satisfaction. Today , customer “delighi” is what companies are trying to achieve in or order to keep and increase market share.
It is accepted in the marketing industry , and confirmed by a number of researches, that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people : those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal
New llenges for customer care have come when peoplecan obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Intemet. For example , many companies now have to invest(投资)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the “phone rage”—caused by delays in answering calls ,being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.
“Many people do not like talking to machines ,”says Dr . Storey Senior Lecturer in Marketng at City University Business School. “Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them .The aim is to make the customet feel they know you and that you can trest— the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager.”
Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be camed out within five hours ,but getting it done within two );replacing a faulty product immediately : throwing in a gift voucher(购物礼卷)as an unexpected “thank you” to regntlar customers ;and always returning calls ,even when they are complaints.
Aiming for customer delight is all very well , but if services do not reach the high level promised , disappointment or worse will be the result . This can be eased by offering an aplogy and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example,“I know how you must feel”) , and possible solutions (replacement , compensation or whatever faimess suggests best meets the case).
Airlines face some of the tourhest challenges over customer care . Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather ,unclaimed luggage and technieal problems .
For British Airways staff , a winning telephone style is considercd vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times . They are trained to answer quickly ,with their name , job title and a “we are here to help” attitude. The company has investod heavily in information technology to make sure that infomation is available instantly on scren.
British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are
taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service.
Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please”. On the other hand , the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment.
We can learn from Paragraph 2 that .
| A． complaining customers are hard to satisfy |
| B． unsatisfied customers receive better service |
| C． Satisfied customers catch more attention |
| D． well-treated customers promote business |
The writer mentions “phone rage”(Paragraph 3) to show that .
| A．customers often use phones to express their anger |
| B．people still prefer to buy goods online |
| C．customer care becomes more attention |
| D．customers rely on their phones to obtain services |
What does the writer recommend to create delight?
| A．Calling customers regularly | B．Giving a “thank you” note. |
| C．Delivering a quicker service | D．Promising more gifts. |
If a manager should show his empathy (Paragraph6), what would he probably say?
| A．“I know how upset you must be.” | B．“I appreciate your understanding.” |
| C．“I’m sorry for the delay.” | D．“I know it’s our fault.” |
Customer delight is important for airlines because .
| A．their telephone style remains anchanged |
| B．they are more likely to meet with complaints |
| C．the services cost them a lot of money |
| D．the policies can be applied to their staff |
Which of the following is conveyed in this article?
| A．Face-to-face service creatcs comfortable feelings among customers. |
| B．Companies that promise more will naturally attract more customers. |
| C．A company should promise less but do more in a competitive market. |
| D．Customer delight is more important for airlines than for banks. |
Below is a page adapted from an English dictionary.
Important words to learn:E Essential I improver A Advanced
Pump noun [C] DEVICE
1 A a piece of equipment which is
used to cause liquid, air or gas to move from one place
gas pump SHOE2[USUALLY PLURAL]US (UK COURT SHOE)
8 type of plain shoe with a raised HEEL and no way of
fastening it to the foot which is worn by women
3 [USUALLY PLURAL] type of flat shoe, like a BALIET dancer's shoe when is worn by women 4 [USUALLY PLURAL]UK a flat·shoe made of heavy cloth, which is worn by children for doing sports.
verb LIQUID/GAS1 [T USUALLY·ADV/PREP] to force
liquid or gas to move somewhere:our latest machine can
pump a hundred gallors a minute , o The new wine is
pumped into stirage tanks.o The heart pumos blood
through the arteries/round the body. INFORMATION2[T]
INFORMAL to keep asking someone for information, especially in a way that is not direce:She was pumping mefor details of the new projece.
Idioms pump sb's hand to SHAKE someone's hand (="hold" their hand and move it up and down, especiallyIn order to greet them)·pump lron INFORMAL to lift
Heavy weights for exercise: These days both men andWomen pump iron far fitnets.
Pharsal verbs pump sth into sth to spend
Money trying to make something operate succesfully:
They had been pumpinh money into the business for someYears without seeing any results.
Pump sth out(M)REMOVE1 to remove water or other liquid from something using a pump:We took turnspumping out the boat.PRODUCE2 INFORMAL DISAPPROVINGto produce words or loud music in a way that is repeated, forceful and continuous: The government keeps pumpingout the same old propaganda.O The car radio waspumping out music with a heacy beat.
Pump out sth someone's stomach is pumped out, aPoisonous substance is removed from it by being-sucked
Through a tube. She had to go to hospital Stomach pumped out.
Pump sth up [M] INFORMAL to make someone feel morecontident or excited: He was offering them advince andtrying to pump them up.O[R]The players were pumpingthemselves up by singing the national anthem, before thegame.
Pump sth up[M]1 to fill something with air using a pump: Have you pumped up the balloons yet?O I must pump the tyres up on my bike.2 INFORMAL to increase
something by a large amount:The US was able to pump up exports.O Let's pump up the tolume a bit!
Pump-action /pamp ek/ n/adjective describes a device which operates by forcing song especially air ,in or out of a closed space or container, a pump-action shotgun , a pump action
Pump priming noun specialized the activity of helping a business ,programm ,economy etc to develop by giving it money. The government is carding small,pump-priming grants to single moter who are starting their own businesses.
Punnoun a humorous use of a word or phrase which has several meanings or which sound like another word:she made a couple of dreadful puns. This is a well-known joke based on a pun "What's black and white and red all over A newspaper
Verb to make a pun
Punch
Noun (c)a forceful hit with a fist (="closed" hand) she gave him a punch lik on us in the nose effect
2 U the power to be interesting and have a strong effect on people ,I felt the performance speech presntation lacked punch DRnk 3 a cold or hot drink made by mixing fruit juices pieces of frut and often wine or other alcoholic drinks tool 4 a piece of equoce which cuts boles in a maena by pushing a piece of met through it a ticket punch have you seen the hole puneh anywhere?
Verb(t) hit 1 to hit someone or something with your FIST (="closed" hand);He punched him in the stomach.2 MALY US to hit with your fingers the bugins on a telephone or the kdys on a keys on a keyboard USE TOCL make a hole in something with a special piece of equipment:I was just punching holes in some sheets of paper .This belt's too big .I'll have to punch an extra hole in it.
Idioms punch sb's lights out informal to hit someone repeatedly very hard punch the clock us to put a card into a special machine to record the times you amive at and leave work:After 17 years of punching the clock,he just disappeared one morning and was mever heard from again.
| 1． |
What does the word"pump"mean in "He ran in every five minutes to pump me about the case"?
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| 2． |
When Sally says"The TV propram kept pumping out commercials",she may be.
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| 3． |
What will the government most probably provide if it is engaged in a pump-priming program?
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| 4． |
When Sylvia says"His speech was OK but it had no real punch",she thinks it was not.
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One evening in February 2007 . a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote in Wales . She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path . That's when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train.Her Renault Clio parked across a railway line. Second later,she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.
Ceely's near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device(导航仪).She had never driven the route before .It was dark and raining heavily . Ceely was relying on her GPS. But it made no mention of the crossing ."I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train ,"she told the BBC.
W ho is to blame here ? Rick Stevenson ,who tells Ceely's story in his book When Machines Fail US, finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says,
but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it's not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless key boards.
The problem with his argument in the book is that it's not clear why he only focuses digital technology,while there may be a number of other possible causes. A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signaling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the CPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn't say.
It's a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an accout of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe it's also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors .
The game between humans and their smart devices is complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be way a wiser use of technology.
If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just as long .
| 1． |
What did Paula Ceely think was the cause of her accident?
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| 2． |
The phrase"near miss" (paragraph 2 ) can best be replaced by.
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| 3． |
Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most probably agree with?
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| 4． |
In the writer's opinion, Stevenson's argument is.
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| 5． |
What is the real concern of the writer of this article?
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