Public speaking and critical thinking
What is critical thinking ? to a certain degree ,it’s a matter of logic （逻辑）—of being able to spot weaknesses in other people ‘s argument and to avoid them in your own ,it also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence .
In the broad sense ,critical thinking is focused ,organized thinking –the ability to see clearly
their lationships among ideas. 1 the greatest thinkers ,scientists ,and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas.that,too,is critical thinking.
2 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical（机械的）exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking. If the stucture of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also discovered and confused. If, on the other hand ,the stucture is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not a matter of arraging the ideas your already have. 3
What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 4 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will Improve your ability to think clearly and accutately. 5 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class. You will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.
If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.
| A．Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves |
| B．This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it. |
| C．It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech |
| D．It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas. |
E. If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot.
F. The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways
G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speech making ,you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.
The revision period is, arguably, the most difficult part of any exam process. The exam itself lasts usually between one and three hours. However, the opinion that the exam is the most important peak of the entire process should provide some comfort A well-structured revision plan can help you revise well. Below are my top tips for creating a well-structured and comprehensive revision plan, which will provide the best chance of success in the summer.
1.
It is certain that planning your revision timetable must be done before anything else, to ensure there is enough time for comprehensive coverage of all subjects. With most exams starting at the end of June, the revision plan should be in place by the end of March at least.
2. Continual assessment (评估) In order to chart (跟踪记录) your development effectively, we recommend that our students attempt practice papers in each subject, marked according to the relevant mark scheme and curriculum.
3. Order your subjects strategically Ordering your subjects in an effective manner can help to do this. For example, scheduling English revision to appear early in your revision plan may provide useful when revising essay-based subjects such as History, Religious Studies and Politics later on.
4. Each subject is different
Depending on your learning style, you may find one easier than the other. More unusual exam types, such as performance exams, require their own unique attention.
| A．Besides, your time arrangement may be dependent on your own gift for in that subject. |
| B．Make a detailed timetable |
| C．Pressure and nerves can undoubtedly make it an uncomfortable experience. |
| D．Revision is a process of improvement. |
E. Plan early
F. Starting with a subject that appears early on in the exam schedule is a wise decision.
G. The best revision plans have an element of strategy to their creation.
They are both so much related to each other. And both are so dissimilar!. What are the difference between friendship and love? Is platonic(柏拉图式的)friendship possible between persons of the opposite sex?
What is friendship? Why do we call a person our friend? When do we call someone a very good friend? If we care for a person, if we are always ready to help that person and if we share most of our thoughts with a person, they are our good friends. We can always count upon our good friends in an emergency. We are always sure that our friends will understand why we acted in a certain way. The friendship is so deep and the relationship is so intimate, that most of the things automatically understood by our friends.
In a relationship of deep love, all the sharing that we discussed above is taken for granted. But love transcends(超出)all this. During love, we are attached with a particular person, while in friendship, one many have many friends. A loving relationship makes one so much attached to the other that one gets pained if his/her beloved is hurt! Love also involves a physical element.
This is a vital difference. Nature gives us love so that the species can go forward. Nature does not give us friendship.
Your heart beats will never increase in anticipation of meeting your friend. You will not feel totally lost if you don’t meet your friend for a few days. You will not have dreams in your eyes thinking about your friendship.
| A．What about love? |
| B．My answer is “Yes!” |
| C．Let us try and understand. |
| D．Friendship does not have that. |
E. We need not explain anything to our very good friends.
F. You will not lie awake at night thinking about your friend.
G. The physical element may include hand in hand while walking.
（每小题2分,共5小题,满分10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Where would you most like to go on vacation? Paris? London? The Amazon Rainforest? Each of these destinations is attractive. ?
As a new word, staycation refers to people staying at home during their vacation time, and going sightseeing around their hometown.
Staycations have become really popular recently, as a way of having an enjoyable vacation, without spending too much money. There are shortcomings to every positive thing, however.
__You also might prevent yourself from enjoying things to the fullest, as the atmosphere might be the same as any other time.
_It means you won't be available for work or other activities.
What can you do to make your staycation fun?
1. Go to a nearby town, or to a fancy hotel in your hometown and stay over night. Treat yourself to room service and any other fun things the hotel has to offer.
2. You would have done it on a vacation, right? Treat yourself to this, at least for one day!
3. Throw a small party. Think about the money you are saving by not going away. You will still save money, but have more fun, and you will help other people to have fun too!
4. Go shopping! Window shopping, or the super fun type, where you buy things! You would have bought souvenirs （纪念品） if you had gone on a vacation, so treat yourself during your staycation!
The most important thing to remember is to do things that make you and your family excited! __
| A．Eat out for every meal |
| B．Go on a day trip to a nearby town, or to a beach. |
| C．But why not remain at home and enjoy a staycation E. Most of the time it involves dining out more frequently than usual. |
| D．If you are on a staycation, you might get calls from work. |
F. Make sure you all have fun, and when it is over, you feel refreshed.
G. The trick is to make sure your friends and coworkers know you are on a staycation.
For millions of years, coral reefs（珊瑚礁）have provided homes and food for thousands of different living things. Fish and sea birds share the reef with other creatures. Now these beautiful places are in danger. Scientists have found that more than one-fourth of the earth’s coral reefs have been ruined so far. Another quarter will disappear in ten years’ time. Unless things change, all of the remaining reefs may die within your lifetime.
Some people think that coral is stone because of its rough（粗糙的）, hard surface. But coral is an animal. Tiny polyps（水螅体）form the coral reefs. These colors come from the algae（海藻）living inside the coral. Billions of coral polyps stick together. New ones grow on the dead ones. This happens year after year. Over time, the coral builds up a reef. The reef rises from the ocean floor until it almost reaches the sea’s surface. It takes coral 500,000 years to build a huge reef.
The coral reefs have been harmed mainly in three ways. The first factor is pollution on land. The pollutants run with rainwater into streams and rivers, which carry the poisons into the ocean. So they will be easily infected with diseases. Another cause is people. People have broken off pieces of coral, which they want to sell or keep as souvenirs. People have dropped sticks of dynamite（炸药）into the water to catch more fish. The worst problem is the heating up of the oceans. Higher ocean temperatures kill the important food source for the coral—the algae, the tiny greenish-gold water plants that live on coral.
The coral turns white and dies. Scientists call this coral bleaching（珊瑚白化）. The bleached part of the coral reef cannot recover.
| A．They come in many different colors. |
| B．However, humans have taken less than 100 years to destroy it. |
| C．This has blown up parts of the reefs. |
| D．When the algae die, the coral loses both its food and its color. |
E. So are all the sea plants and animals that depend on them.
F. Chemicals from the poisons kill reefs or make them weak.
G. Many of them might not even last that long!
From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal. Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.
Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in "small talk", usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job.In many European countries — like the UK or France —
Talks and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech in Thailand.I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; The people present just stared at me and smiled.After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much. In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.
Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values; We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.
People from different parts of the world have different values, However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.
| A．and sometimes these values are quite against each other. |
| B．people from both nations keep the rule that work comes first. |
| C．Meeting people from another culture can be difficult. |
| D．however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. |
E. instead there was an uncomfortable silence.
F. It is quite a common case to meet people from different cultures.
G. people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office.
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