Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions（切口）in a patient’s body in order to gain access to the organs inside . It was once common for heart surgeons , who perform highly specialized and complex procedures , to make long incisions in a patient’s chest and then split the breastbone to reach the heart . Patients who undergo surgery are often at the risk of infection , as bacteria can infect the cut in the skin . In addition , there is often a lengthy recovery period .
A surgical technique known as “ keyhole surgery ” has become common in recent years . In general , the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed . Tubes are pushed into the holes , and a tiny camera is put into the body . The camera is attached to a large monitor screen and the doctor can see it while performing the operation . In addition to the camera , doctors also push their tiny surgical instruments through the tubes . The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive ; that is to say , if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left , he or she must push it to the right .
Another new machine called the “ Da Vinci Surgical System ” has been tested in hospitals in the US. Unlike keyhole surgery , this robot’s moving parts are designed to copy man’s hand and wrist movement , thus providing better control and sensitivity . Sitting at a console（控制台）a few feet from the patient , the surgeon can control the instruments by moving highly sensitive pads . The area of the body is enlarged on a screen , which gives surgeons a view similar to that of a traditional surgical procedure .
The Da Vinci Surgical System has been welcomed as revolutionary by many surgeons . Patients with serious illness must undergo major surgery , but the smaller incisions typically mean a shorter recovery time . On the downside , some operations have taken up to fifty minutes longer because surgeons are inexperienced at using the new technology . As surgeons become more familiar with the machines , the time needed for surgical procedures is likely to decrease .. What can be learned about the traditional surgery according to the passage ?
| A．Long incisions are made in a patient’s chest |
| B．It often takes a longer time to do an operation |
| C．The cost of the traditional surgery is very high |
| D．The incision is likely to be infected after the operation . |
. Which of the following is one disadvantage of keyhole surgery ?
| A．It requires the use of long , thin tools and a tiny camera |
| B．The doctors can not view the inside of the patients body clearly |
| C．The direction in which a doctor moves the surgical tools is opposite |
| D．A tiny camera has to be inserted into the patient’s body in advance |
. The Da Vinci Surgical System differs from keyhole surgery in that it __________ .
| A．requires that a surgeon make more small incisions on a patient |
| B．reduces the amount of time it takes to perform a surgical procedure |
| C．allows the surgeon to use the surgical instruments more sensitively |
| D．get rid of the need for surgeons to make Large incisions on patients |
. The passage mainly tells readers about __________ .
| A．the challenges brought about by new technology |
| B．the application of new technologies in modern surgery |
| C．the reflections on the development in medical science |
| D．the benefits and drawbacks of the Da Vinci Surgical System |
第二部分 阅读理解
（共25小题。第一节每小题2分，第二节每小题1分；满分45分）
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
C
Pocket Tape – Recorders “Family and Home Magazine” test what’s on the market now.
Pearlcorder S702 $ 64
This simple model at the bottom of the Olympus range scored the most points for its excellent quality of recording. Background noise hardly affects the sound and recording from a pocket is perfectly possible, but it doesn’t turn off automatically.
Tape length：30 minutes per side. Weight：240g.
Sony M9 $ 49.95
Small and very good looking, Sony’s latest offering scored most for appearance. Sounds clear, but there is slight machine noise. The big control buttons are a great improvement on some of the complicated little controls on other tape – recorders. Doesn’t switch off automatically, but a red light shows if the machine is still running.
Tape length：60 minutes per side. Weight：195g.
Sony M400 $ 115
Lots of little control buttons that make a noise are difficult to use. Recording was good but machine noise lost points. Tape counter and automatic switch – off when tape has finished recording or rewinding are useful.
Tape length：60 minutes per side. Weight：230g.
Imperial OEM MC7 $ 29.95
Cheap and simple compared with the rest, but recording was good as long as there was no background noise. Use only its own – make of cassette. No light to show it is on；no fast – forward button and the record button makes a loud noise.
Tape length：30 minutes per side. Weight：285g.
Philips 585 $ 80
Handsome and simple to use, but recording is very poor at more than the recommended distance of 5 cm – designed for dictation. No recording light.
Tape length：15 minutes per side. Weight：220g.
The machine that produces the best recording with the least unwanted noise is the _____.
| A．Pearlcorder S702 | B．Sony M9 |
| C．Sony M400 | D．Imperial OEM MC7 |
If you want a machine which turns off automatically and weighs very little you should choose the _____
| A．Pearlcorder S702 | B．Sony M9 |
| C．Sony M400 | D．Philips 585 |
Which of the following allows you to record longest but costs you least?
| A．Philips 585 | B．Imperial OEM MC7 |
| C．Sony M400 | D．Sony M9 |
What disadvantage does only the Imperial OEM MC7 have?
| A．No light shows when it is on. | B．It requires a special cassette. |
| C．It picks up background noise . | D．The record button makes a noise. |
第二部分 阅读理解
（共25小题。第一节每小题2分，第二节每小题1分；满分45分）
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
B
There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people, and to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in a traditional classroom. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom.
But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do a little in school. They will not make good use of open education. Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem getting used to making so many choices. For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom. They worry about the rules even when there are no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of students. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their schools.
You now know what open education is. Some of its good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students, want some structure in their classes. They want and need to have rules. In some cases, they must be interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to.
Open education allows the students to _____.
| A．grow as the educated | B．be responsible for their future |
| C．develop their own interests | D．discover subjects outside class |
Open education may be a good idea for students who _____.
| A．enjoy learning with teachers’ help | B．worry about grades at school |
| C．do well in a traditional classroom | D．are responsible for their life |
Some students will do little in an open classroom because _____.
| A．there are too few rules | B．they hate activities |
| C．there are no teachers | D．they worry about the rules |
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
| A．Some traditional teachers do not like it. |
| B．Many teachers do not believe in open education. |
| C．Teachers may have problems in open classrooms. |
| D．The teacher’s feelings and attitudes are important. |
Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
| A．Open education is like a coin that has two sides. |
| B．Open education is better than traditional education. |
| C．Teachers dislike open education. |
| D．Open education is a good idea in practice. |
The spread of worsening international financial crisis has seriously affected world economic growth and stability. The ongoing financial crisis is rarely seen in history. Countries and organizations have taken measures in response, and we hope these measures will produce good results soon. Countries in Asia and Europe are an important force for international financial stability and world economic growth. I suggest that we make greater efforts in the following aspects:
First, countries should run their own affairs well. In the face of the crisis, it is important for leaders to act in the fundamental and long-term interests of the people and use necessary monetary and regulatory tools to regain market confidence as soon as possible and maintain economic growth.
Second, set up coordination(调和) and cooperation among governments. The financial departments, central banks and financial regulators around the world should closely follow the development of the crisis and study its trend and impact.
Third, strengthen regional financial dialogue and cooperation. Members of the Eurozone have reached agreement on the basic principles to tackle the financial crisis. We in Asia are also exploring the possibility of expanding the size of bilateral（双边的）currency swap( 互惠外汇信贷)arrangements under the 10+3 framework .
Fourth, push forward the reform of the international monetary and financial systems. The present crisis has exposed the weaknesses in the existing international financial system and governance structure. It is important to do three things in this regard: first, increase the say and representation of developing countries in international financial organizations; second, expand the space of the regulation of the international financial system, and third, establish a reasonable global financial rescue mechanism（机制）.According to the passage, members of the Eurozone reached agreement on
________.
| A．how to deal with the financial crisis |
| B．how to regain market confidence |
| C．how to maintain economic growth |
| D．how to study the crisis trend |
Which word has the same meaning with the underlined word maintain ?
| A．mainly | B．keep | C．increase | D．decrease |
According to the passage, which of the following sentence is True?
| A．Global issues included energy, food, the environment, fashion etc. |
| B．There was no financial crisis in history. |
| C．Facing the crisis, the first thing the countries should do is to do their own business well. |
| D．Asian countries are the most important force for the world economic growth. |
The passage mainly talks about ___________________.
| A．What we should do during the financial crisis. |
| B．We should draw serious lessons from the financial crisis. |
| C．Countries and organizations have taken measures in response to the financial crisis. |
| D．We should set up coordination and cooperation among governments. |
Some houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An example of the second type of house won the Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Architects.
Located on the shore of Sullivan’s Island off the coast of South Carolina, the award-winning cube-shaped beach house was built to replace one damaged by Hurricane Hugo years ago. In September 1989, Hugo struck South Carolina, killing 18 people and damaging or destroying 36,000 homes in the state.
Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina’s shoreline were poorly constructed, according to architect Ray Huff, who created the cleverly-designed beach house. Now all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced codes. The new beach house on Sullivan’s Island should be strong enough not to be damaged by a Category 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometres per hour.
At first sight, the house on Sullivan’s Island looks anything but(根本不) hurricane-proof. Its redwood shell makes it look like “a large party lantern” at night. But looks can be deceiving. The house’s wooden frame is strengthened with long steel rods(杆) to give it extra strength.
To further protect the house from hurricane damage, Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings(木桩) buried deep in the sand. Pilings might appear insecure, but they are strong enough to support the weight of the house. They also raise the house above storm waves. The pilings allow the waves to run under the house instead of running into it. “The waves of water come ashore at tremendous speeds and cause most of the damage done to beach-front buildings,” said Huff.
Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially concealed(隐藏) by the house’s ground-to-roof shell. “The shell masks the pilings so that the house doesn’t look like it’s standing with its legs pulled up,” said Huff. In the event of storm, the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect explained.After Hurricane Hugo, new houses built along South Carolina’s shore line are required
to .
| A．be easily pulled down | B．look smarter in design |
| C．meet stricter building standards | D．be designed to be cube-shaped |
The award-winning beach house is quite strong because .
| A．it is strengthened by steel rods | B．it is made of redwood |
| C．it is in the shape of a shell | D．it is built with timber and concrete |
Huff raised the house 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings in order to .
| A．avoid peak winds of about 200 km/h |
| B．bury stronger pilings deep in the sand |
| C．break huge sea waves into smaller ones |
| D．prevent the waves from running into it |
It can be inferred from the passage that the house’s shell should be .
| A．smooth | B．waterproof | C．easily broken | D．extremely hard |
Many people have described television as a passive activity that is harmful to children’s education. However, there are good and bad ways to watch television. Parents who are interested in exploiting television as a learning tool can actually turn time in front of TV into an educational chance.
Probably the most familiar educational way to use television is to simply watch educational programs. In particular, this means selecting channels and programs specially designed for educational purposes. Along with traditional educational shows for children on public broadcasting channels, cable television (有线电视) now offers kids and adults a wide variety of educational programs, with everything from nature shows to historical events in different countries.
Captioning(字幕），such as "closed captioning" for hearing disabled viewers provides another way for parents to exploit the educational possibilities of television．One study showed that children who watched captioned TV got great improvement in their vocabulary and oral reading ability. In addition, parents can make any show a learning class by watching television together with children. By actively joining children in the programs that they are watching, parents can help with the development of such skills as predicting（预见）and summarizing. In order to develop predicting skills, parents and children could first refer to a program’s description in a viewing guide．After reading the program description and guessing what might happen in the program, parents and children could watch together to see which predictions were correct. And to practice summarizing, after watching a program, parents can turn off the TV and ask what the story was about. This kind of activity helps children develop thinking skills such as arranging events in an order and memorizing information．
Although there will still be plenty of times when children watch TV simply for passive enjoyment, parents can help make at least part of their children’s viewing time a more productive activity．Used intelligently by exploiting the learning chances available through various programs, television can play an instructive role in children’s education.Which activity is NOT suggested in the passage？
| A．Talking about TV shows. | B．Watching captions on TV. |
| C．Enjoying films about nature. | D．Watching shows for homework. |
Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？
| A．Parents can simply make any show a learning class for their children． |
| B．To make watching TV a more productive activity parents should include themselves in the producing process. |
| C．Most parents have changed their attitude to their kids’ watching TV and become positive to the problem. |
| D．In a way, it is how parents act that leads to whether watching TV may do good or not to their children. |
We can infer from the last paragraph that ．
| A．not every minute when a child watches television must be educational |
| B．children should not use television for passive enjoyment |
| C．some children prefer reading to watching television |
| D．television offers more learning chances than school |
Which of the following questions is the major one discussed in the passage?
| A．What makes television more interesting than books? |
| B．Why should schools put television into classrooms? |
| C．How can parents use television as a teaching tool？ |
| D．Which program can actually make kids smarter? |
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