Animals seem to have the sense (本能) to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need．It has been demonstrated that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles. When a fragrant（香的） flavor (味道) was added to the vitamin-enriched water, the rats did seem to prefer it and kept drinking it ,even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water．In time, however, they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were．
In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria（自助） feeding arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them．They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in．We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet．
So, in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what's best for them．Apparently, there is a kind of “body wisdom”, which humans soon lose. Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could．Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established（长期养成的）habits．Some people eat foxes, dogs and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs．So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them．
53．The expression “the habit” in paragraph 1 refers to drinking water which _______．
A. has no smell B. is tasteless C. has vitamins D. is flavored (有味道的) According to the passage, adults eating habits differ from those of babies because _______．
| A．adults know better than babies what kind of food are good for their health |
| B．adults usually cannot resist (抵制) the temptation (诱惑) of various delicious foods |
| C．adults' eating habits are closely related to the social and cultural customs |
| D．adults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns |
The author implied in the passage that most of us _______．
| A．eat a balanced diet |
| B．choose the food that is of nutrition |
| C．have the habits influenced by the surroundings |
| D．like to eat the food with a fragrant flavor． |
As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that _______．
| A．both have the wisdom to choose a balanced diet |
| B．both prefer flavored food and drink |
| C．both have the same eating patterns |
| D．both develop a taste for the same kinds of flavors |
Henry found work in a bookstore after he finished middle school. He wouldn’t do anything but wanted to get rich. Mr King thought he was too lazy and was going to send him away. Henry was afraid and had to work hard.
It was a cold morning. It was snowing and there was thin ice on the streets. Few people went to buy the books and the young man had nothing to do. He hated to read, so he watched the traffic. Suddenly he saw a bag fall off a truck and it landed by the other side of the street.
“It must be full of expensive things, ”Henry said to himself. “I have to get it, or others will take it away. ”
He went out of the shop and ran across the street. A driver saw him and began to whistle（鸣笛）, but he didn’t hear it and went on running. The man drove aside, hit a big tree and was hurt in the accident. Two weeks later Henry was taken to court（法庭）. A judge asked if he heard the whistle when he was running across the street. He said that something was wrong with his ears and he could hear nothing.
“But you’ve heard me this time.”said the judge.
“Oh, I’m sorry. Now I can hear with one ear.”
“Cover the ear with your hand and listen to me with your deaf（聋的）one. Well, can you hear me? ”
“No, I can’t. sir. ”What was Mr. King?
| A．a driver | B．a doctor | C．a policeman | D．a shopkeeper |
Why did Mr. King want to send Henry away?
| A．Because Henry was too lazy. |
| B．Because Henry hoped to be rich. |
| C．Because Henry finished middle school. |
| D．Because Henry sold few books. |
The driver was afraid to _______, so he drove aside.
| A．hit Henry | B．hurt himself | C．fall behind | D．lose the bag |
What does the underlined word“judge”mean in Chinese?
| A．裁判 | B．律师 | C．法官 | D．原告 |
Why did Henry say that he was deaf?
| A．He wanted to have a joke with the judge. |
| B．He wanted to get the judge’s help |
| C．He wanted to find another piece of work |
| D．He didn’t want to pay for the accident. |
Henry Ford was the first person to build cars which were cheap，strong and fast．He was able to se11 millions of models because be could produce them in large numbers at a time；that is，he made a great many cars of exactly the same kind．Ford’s father hoped that his son would be come a farmer，but the young man did not like the idea and he went to Detroit（底特律）where he worked as a mechanic（机械师）．By the age of 29，in 1892，he had built his first car．However，the car made in this way，the famous “Model T” did not appear until 1908-five years after Ford had started his great motor car factory．This car showed to be well-known that it remained unchanged for twenty year．Since Ford’s time，this way of producing cars in large numbers has be come common in industry and has reduced the price of many goods which would otherwise be very expensive．Henry Ford was the man to built _____ cars．
| A．cheap and strong | B．cheap and long |
| C．fast and expensive | D．strong and slow |
Ford was able to sell millions of cars，because_____．
| A．he made many greet cars | B．his cars are many |
| C．he made lots of cars of the same kind | D．both A and B |
The young man became a mechanic，_______．
| A．which was his father’s will |
| B．which was against his own will |
| C．which was against his father’s will |
| D．which was the will of both |
The “Model T” was very famous_____．
| A．before 1908 | B．between 1982 and 1908 |
| C．before 1892 | D．after 1908 |
Ford built his own car factory
| A．in 1903 | B．in 1908 | C．in 1913 | D．in 1897 |
The United States is full of cars. There are still many families without cars, but some families have two or more. However, cars are used for more than pleasure. They are a necessary part of life.
Cars are used for business. They are driven to offices and factories by workers who have no other way to get to their jobs. When salesmen are sent to different parts of the city, they have to drive in order to carry their products. Farmers have to drive into the city in order to get supplies.
Sometimes small children must be driven to school. In some cities school buses are used only when children live more than a mile away from the school. When the children are too young to walk too far, their mothers take turns driving them to school. One mother drives on Mondays taking her own children and the neighbors' as well. Another mother drives on Tuesdays, another on Wednesday, and so on. This is called forming a car pool. Men also form car pools, with three or four men taking turns driving to the place where they all work.
More car pools should be formed in order to put fewer cars on the road and use less gas. Too many cars are being driven. Something will have to be done about the use of cars. The United States is filled with cars, but .
| A．not every family has a car | B．few families have two cars or even more |
| C．every American has a car | D．every family has a car |
What's the main idea of the second paragraph?
| A．Workers drive cars to offices and factories | B．Salesmen drive to carry their products. |
| C．Farmers drive into cities to get supplies. | D．Cars are widely used. |
Which statement is true according to the third paragraph?
| A．Small children are driven to school. |
| B．All children go to school by bus in some cities. |
| C．Mothers drive their children who can't walk to school. |
| D．School buses pick up all children. |
Mothers form car pools in order that .
| A．they can drive to school |
| B．they can take turns driving their children to school |
| C．they reach school quickly |
| D．they can drive their children to school in time |
The traffic in and around cities is a great problem because .
| A．too many cars are being driven | B．there are too many car pools |
| C．people put fewer cars on the roads | D．there is less gas |
In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come to work and live here? In the wake of the Sept．11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing．
On Dec．11, 2001, as part of the effort to increase homeland security, federal and local authorities in 14 states staged “Operation Safe Travel”---raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification．In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests．But those captures were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South America．Authorities said the undocumented workers’ illegal status made them open to blackmail（讹诈）by terrorists．
Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods．Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent．“We’re saying we want you to work in these places, we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it’s convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept．11, then you’re disposable．They are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons,” Anderson said．
If Sept．11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely．Ana Castro, a manager at a Ben & Jerry’s ice cream shop at the airport had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid．Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation（驱逐出境）．Castro’s case is currently waiting to be settled．While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerry’s．How did the immigrants in Salt Lake City feel about “Operation Safe Travel”?
| A．Guilty | B．Offended | C．Disappointed | D．Discouraged |
Undocumented workers became the target of “Operation Safe Travel” because ____．
| A．evidence was found that they were potential terrorists |
| B．most of them worked at airports under threat of terrorists |
| C．terrorists might take advantage of their illegal status |
| D．they were reportedly helping hide terrorists around the airport |
By saying “…we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are”, Mayor Anderson means “______”．
| A．there are other ways of enforcing the law |
| B．we will examine the laws in a different way |
| C．we will turn a blind eye to your illegal status |
| D．the existing laws must not be ignored |
Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth．The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails．The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to puzzle you---appears to be the key to the finding．
Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week．In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told．Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium．He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls．
His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists．Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the indirect contact of emailing would make it easier to lie．Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication．
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time．People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says．This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone．
People are also more likely to lie in real time---in an instant message or phone call, say---than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock．He found many lies are spontaneous（脱口而出） responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”
Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate．For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth．But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email．Hancock’s study focuses on _______．
| A．the consequences of lying in various communications media |
| B．the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas |
| C．people are less likely to lie in instant messages |
| D．people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media |
Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that _____．
| A．people are less likely to lie instant messages |
| B．people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions |
| C．people are most likely to lie in email communication |
| D．people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations |
According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?
| A．They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies |
| B．They believe that honesty is the best policy |
| C．They tend to be relaxed wh en using those media |
| D．They are most practised at those forms of communication |
It can be inferred from the passage that ________．
| A．honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications |
| B．suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes |
| C．more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees |
| D．email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company |
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