For much of the world, vegetarianism (素食主义) is largely a matter of economics: Meat costs a lot more than beans or rice, so meat becomes a special-occasion dish. Even where meat is more plentiful, it’s still used in control, and it often provides a side note to a meal rather than taking center stage.
In countries like the United States where meat is not as expensive, though, people choose to be vegetarians for reasons other than cost. Parental preferences(父母亲的偏爱), religious or other beliefs, and health problems are among the most common reasons for choosing to be a vegetarian. Many people choose a vegetarian diet out of concern over animal rights or the environment. And lots of people have more than one reason for choosing vegetarianism.
Different people follow different forms of vegetarianism. A true vegetarian eats no meat at all, including chicken and fish. A lactoovo(乳制品) vegetarian eats dairy products and eggs, but keeps out meat, fish, and chicken. It follows, then, that a lacto(乳，乳汁) vegetarian eats dairy products but not eggs, and an ovo （蛋，鸡蛋） vegetarian eats eggs but not dairy products.
A stricter form of vegetarianism is veganism. Not only are eggs and dairy products excluded (排除) from a vegan diet, so are animal products like honey. Some macrobiotic (养生的) diets fall into the vegan category. Macrobiotic diets limit not only animal products but also refined（经过提炼的） and processed foods, foods with preservatives, and foods that contain caffeine or other stimulants (刺激物).
Following a macrobiotic or vegan diet could lead to nutritional deficiencies (营养不足) 
in some people. Teens need to be sure their diets include enough nutrients to fuel growth, particularly protein and calcium (钙). If you’re interested in following a vegan or macrobiotic diet it’s a good idea to talk to a registered dietitian（营养学家）. He or she can help you design meal plans that include enough nutrients. The underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably means ______.
| A．there is usually a note beside the meat in a meal |
| B．meat often attracts people’s attention in a meal |
| C．meat is served only a small amount in a meal |
| D．meat should play an important part in a meal |
Which of the following is NOT the reason for Americans being vegetarians?
| A．They are environmentally friendly. |
| B．They are concerned about the rights of animals. |
| C．They worry about their own health. |
| D．They can’t afford to buy meat. |
A vegan diet will include ______.
| A．neither animal products nor diary products |
| B．diary products but no eggs |
| C．animal products like honey |
| D．processed food |
According to the passage, the author would probably think that ______.
| A．all the people should become vegetarians |
| B．teens should be careful to be vegetarians |
| C．vegetarianism is not a good thing for the world |
D．vegetarianism can m ake a country develop faster |
The New York Times’ Room for Debate blog has a panel (专门小组) considering the pluses and minuses of summer homework. This has been the subject of debate in our house. Our 11th-grade daughter’s summer assignments were very challenging, to the point where I sometimes wondered if more of her time would have been better spent just riding a bicycle or swimming around a pool.
Here are some opinions from the panel:
Harris Cooper, psychologist, Duke University: “The long summer vacation disrupts(打乱) the rhythm of instruction, leads to forgetting and requires time be spent reviewing old material when students return to school in the fall. My advice? Teachers, you need to be careful about what and how much summer homework you assign. Summer homework shouldn’t be expected to overcome a student’s learning deficits(不足); that’s what summer school is for. Parents, if the assignments are clear and reasonable, support the teachers. ”
Nancy Kalish, co-author of the Case Against Homework: “Schools should rethink summer homework, and not just because it stresses out kids (and parents). The truth is, homework doesn’t accomplish what we assume it does. According to a Duke University review of more than 175 studies, there is little or no connection between homework and standardized test score or long-term achievement in primary school.”
Mark Bauerlein, professor of English at Emory University: “To the general question of whether or not schools should assign summer homework, the answer is ‘Yes.’ The reason comes not only from the brain drain(脑力消耗) of summer. It relates also to an attitude young people take toward education. They tie knowledge to the syllabus(教学大纲), not to themselves. They read and study to write the paper and score highly in the test, not to furnish their minds. In a word, they regard learning as a classroom thing. That’s all.”
It seems to me that summer homework is a good idea to keep the brain cells moving, but like everything else it should be given in moderation. Harris Cooper seems to believe that_________.
| A．more summer homework causes students’ learning difficulties |
| B．students should go to summer school if they have no homework |
| C．teachers should give careful consideration to summer homework |
| D．parents should tell teachers how much homework their kids need |
In the 4th paragraph, Nancy Kalish explains her idea by_________.
| A．making comparisons | B．giving research findings |
| C．raising questions | D．telling stories |
Mark Bauerlein might agree that summer homework_________.
| A．should be based on the school’s teaching program |
| B．has no direct connection to students’ higher grades |
| C．brings more pressure to both students and their parents |
| D．helps students develop the right attitude toward learning |
You may think that light pollution isn’t something extraordinarily important. You may believe that every other type of pollution has a larger impact on the environment that light pollution does. But light pollution is serious.
Light pollution, or “sky glow”, is the glow you can see at night above cities and towns. Light pollution is a problem that has been accompanying man ever since he started his first fire some 15,000 years ago. Light pollution is the light that comes from streetlights, buildings, parking lots and any other source of light that is reflected or directed into the atmosphere.
Urban light pollution means that one-fifth of the world’s population can no longer see the Milky Way(银河) with the naked eye(肉眼). Many city kids, even if they did look through the orange smog above their heads, would probably see only a handful of stars. We have lost our view of the stars, and we have mucked up our night-time environment as well. Astronomers are calling for the dark places on Earth to be preserved as national parks.
Lots of people find the ever-brightening night annoying, and animals that are programmed to prefer the dark may avoid a brightened habitat. Sea turtles can get lost searching for a beach to lay eggs, and their hatchlings(孵化的幼仔)may confuse over-lit beachfront resorts(度假胜地) for the ocean horizon, wasting precious energy needed to find the sea and escape predators(食肉动物). Because their necks aren’t yet long enough to see things far away, baby turtles rely on the mirror image of the moon to guide them to the sea, to begin their new life. A car may even hit a particular turtle, which was thinking the light from a nearby city was moonlight reflecting off the ocean waves. Birds that live in and around cities can die because of sky glow, too. The bright lights can blind them, leading to countless collisions with buildings and other tall structures.
On an individual level, people can help reduce much sky glow by using lighting only when necessary. The stars above us are priceless heritage— for not only for astronomers but for all humans. More of our children should be able to look up at night and see the Milk Way.According to Para.2, light pollution_________.
| A．doesn’t include the light coming from buildings |
| B．has existed for nearly a century |
| C．refers to the light shining directly into the atmosphere |
| D．is mainly caused by the light at night |
The underlined phrase “mucked up” in Para. 3 probably means_________ .
| A．protected | B．spoiled |
| C．blamed | D．praised |
To find the sea, baby sea turtles mainly depend on_________.
| A．the moon | B．the ocean waves |
| C．the sky glow | D．the mirrors |
The author mentions the Milk Way in the last paragraph to show that_________.
| A．we should take action to reduce light pollution |
| B．light pollution isn’t something important |
| C．most kids are looking forward to seeing the Milk Way |
| D．the Milk Way can’t be seen with naked eye |
Jane was running late. Jane, 25, had a lot to do at work, plus visitors on the way: her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown. But as she hurried down the subway stairs, she started to feel uncomfortably warm. By the time she got to the platform, Jane felt weak and tired---maybe it hadn't been a good idea to give blood the night before, she thought. She rested herself against a post close to the tracks.
Several yards away, Tom, 43, and his girlfriend, Jennifer, found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop. They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying.
But when he heard the scream, followed by someone yelling, "Oh, my God, she fell in!" Tom didn't hesitate. He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails. "No! Not you!" his girlfriend screamed after him.
She was right to be alarmed. By the time Tom reached Jane, he could feel the tracks shaking and see the light coming. The train was about 20 seconds from the station.
It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag her away from the edge. That was where Jane briefly regained consciousness, felt herself being pulled along the ground, and saw someone else holding her purse.
Jane thought she'd been robbed. A woman held her hand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the blood pouring from her head. And she tried to talk but she couldn't, and that was when she realized how much pain she was in.
Police and fire officials soon arrived, and Tom told the story to an officer. Jennifer said her boyfriend was calm on their 40-minute train ride downtown-just as he had been seconds after the rescue, which made her think about her reaction at the time. "I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die," she explained.Why did Jennifer try to stop her boyfriend?
| A．Because they would miss their train. |
| B．Because he didn't see the train coming. |
| C．Because she was sure Jane was hard to lift. |
| D．Because she was afraid the train would kill him. |
How did Tom save Jane?
| A．By lifting her to the platform. |
| B．By helping her rise to her feet. |
| C．By pulling her along the ground. |
| D．By dragging her away from the edge. |
When did Jane become conscious again?
| A．When the train was leaving. |
| B．After she was back on the platform. |
| C．After the police and fire officials came. |
| D．When a man was cleaning the blood from her head. |
The passage is intended to _____.
| A．warn us of the danger in the subway |
| B．show US how to save people in the subway |
| C．tell US about a subway rescue |
| D．report a traffic accident |
Since 1989, Dave Thomas, who died at the age of 69, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter. “As long as it works”, he said in 1991, “I’ll continue to do those commercials.”
Even though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. “He still won’t let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper fitting shoes,” Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work. “He fed me,” Thomas said, “and if I got out of line, he’d beat me.”
Moving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. But he had something much better in mind. “I thought if I owned a restaurant,” he said, “I could eat for free.” A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968.
In 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy’s Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. With 6,000 restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes $ 6 billion a year in sales.
Although troubled by his own experience with adoption, Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine, 66, and with four grown kids besides Wendy, felt it could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in 1992.
In 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Creek High School in Florida. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. The kids voted him Most Likely to Succeed.
“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,” says friend Pat Williams. “He wasn’t a great actor or a great speaker .He was just Joe Everybody.”What is the article mainly about?
| A．The life of Dave Thomas. |
| B．The dream of Dave Thomas . |
| C．The schooling of Dave Thomas. |
| D．The growth of Dave Thomas’s business |
What do we know about his childhood?
| A．He lived a poor life | B．He had caring parents. |
| C．He stayed in one place | D．He didn’t go to school |
Choose the right time order of the following events in Thomas’s life.
a. graduated from high school b. started his own business
c. became a millionaire d. started a foundation
e. met Harland Sanders
| A．e, b, c, d, a | B．a, e, c, b, d |
| C．e, c, b, d, a | D．a, e, b, c, d |
. “He was just Joe Everybody”. (in the last paragraph) means_________.
| A．Dave was famous | B．Dave was ordinary |
| C．Dave was showy | D．Dave was shy |
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入
对应空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
I was a ten-year-old girl living with my parents and four-year-old brother in Madrid, Spain. We had our country Cuba just a few months before. The Christmas season arrived.
The Corte Ingles Department store had a shiny red that circled the town, its horn (喇叭) at every turn. My younger brother, Santiago, had never seen it. However, were considered a luxury(奢侈)then for my family and were very hard to . My brother fell in love with it. Every day he would push his nose the glass in the window. My parents’ pain was as they looked at their son’s face. But I didn’t want to the innocence of a four-year-old. So next time, I pulled him aside.
“Santiago, you know that we left our country and we are in a strange land” I said. “35 we are only here in Madrid for a little while, Santa probably doesn’t have our .”
I also told him that once we in the United States, Santa would find us once again. Much to my surprise, he accepted my without question. A year later, we lived in Union City, New Jersey. Both my parents were working in factories to make ends meet. Santiago and I were a new school and quickly learning English.
That Christmas was , but my parents bought a silver-colored Christmas tree. On Christmas Day, I woke up early, and to my surprise and , I found several presents under the tree. My brother
a square box. Inside was a shiny, brand-new train! It the one that had so attracted my brother a year before. Santiago’s face like the Christmas tree. He looked at my parents and me, happy and surprised.
“You were !” my brother told me eagerly, “Santa found our address.”
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