NEWYORKPeoplewhokeepdoingsomew

更新 2022-09-03
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NEW YORK - People who keep doing some work in their field after they retire may enjoy better physical and mental health than those who stop work completely or switch to another area of work, according to a U.S. study.
Researchers from the University of Maryland said the findings suggest that prospective retirees should consider moving into so-called "bridge employment" as a transition to full retirement.
"In essence, if someone is in a field where part-time work or self-employment is possible, he or she should consider it as they plan for retirement," researcher Dr. Mo Wang, an assistant professor of psychology, told Reuters Health.
For their study, Wang and his colleagues used data on more than 12,000 workers in a U.S. health study begun in 1992. Participants, who were between the ages of 51 and 61 at the outset, were surveyed every two years over a six-year period.
Overall, Wang's team found, people who went into some form of bridge employment reported lower rates of major diseases like high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes and arthritis during the study period than their counterparts who went straight into full retirement.
The findings were not explained by older age or worse initial health among people who opted for full retirement, the investigators report in the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology.
On top of their better physical health, "bridge" workers also tended to report fewer mental health problems, such as depression.
The same mental health benefits were not seen, however, when retirees took part-time work in other fields -- possibly, Wang said, because many of these people may have taken those jobs out of financial need rather than choice.
He noted that the lack of benefit could also stem from the fact that these retirees had to adjust to an unfamiliar job position or had to make lifestyle changes.
Bridge work, particularly in one's accustomed field, may benefit physical and mental health for a number of reasons, according to Wang.
In general, he explained, such work may help older adults maintain the active lifestyles they had during their careers and decrease any stress they might feel from the transition into retirement. wwwWang said when it comes to mental health, for instance, bridge work may help by allowing people to keep some of the "role identity" that they have formed over their careers.
Staying active in general, not only through work, can also benefit retirees' physical health, Wang noted. He added, however, that any mental health benefits are likely to depend on the type of activity -- whether it is something that the person truly enjoys, and that helps ease any stress of moving into retirement.
"These findings," Wang said, "suggest that for retirees and prospective retirees, carefully considering whether to engage in bridge employment -- and if so, what types of bridge employment -- is quite important."
What does the underlined phrase “at the outset” mean?__________

A．at least

B．at least

C．at the beginning

D．at last

People who went into some form of bridge employment have less chances to get the following diseases, EXCEPT___________.

A．arthritis

B．heart disease

C．diabetes

D．low blood pressure

Which of the following statement is WRONG?_________

A．As long as retirees move into “bridge employment”, they must be healthier than those who do not.

B．The participants in the study were between 51 and 61 years old.

C．The bridge workers are also less likely to get depression.

D．Staying active is beneficial to the retirees’ physical health.

What can we infer from the passage?________

A．The study was begun in 1992 and lasts for two 6-year periods

B．If a bridge worker is older than 61 years old, it does not mean that he will get a better health than others who enjoy full retirement.

C．Only by moving into “bridge employment” can the retirees enjoy better health both physically and psychologically.

D．Any activity can benefit the retirees’ mental health.

Which is the best title of the passage?

A．A US study

B．Bridge Work

C．Working after retiring can be good for your health

D．Stay active

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C
The French submarine is called Le Triomphant, meaning“the winner”．The name of the British submarine is Vanguard，meaning“the leading position in an army”．It’s clear from the submarines’names that they were made for victory．
However，it was an accident，rather than a victory，that led these two submarines to recently make news headlines across the world．
On February 16，Britain and France admitted that two of their nuclear—armed submarines，HMS Vanguard and Le Triomphant，collided while deep in the Atlantic in early February．Both submarines were on secret patrols(巡逻)and carrying nuclear arms when they collided．
Le Triomphant had no idea that it had run into HMS Vanguard until several days later．The French navy at first believed that Le Triomphant had hit an“object，probably a container(集装箱)”．
Investigations have begun to work out how such a collision could have happened．Both submarines are equipped with state-of～the—art(最先进的)technology that is supposed to find other submarines．Yet，neither submarine saw the other until it was too late．
One idea being considered was that their anti-sonar(抗声纳)equipment，which hides submarines，was just too effective in hiding one from the other．
Submarines use sonar to sense what is in the sea near them．Sonar is a submarine’s ear．Many sea animals use sonar as well．Dolphins produce high-pitched(声调高的)clicks．when these clicks hit an object，some of the sound will echo(发出回声)back to the“sender”．By listening to the echo and working out the time it took before the echo came back，the dolphin can work out how far away the object is．
There are two kinds of sonar：active sonar，which sends out signals，and passive sonar，which listens for signals with extremely sensitive microphones．
The two submarines were designed to be very quiet and as hidden as possible．because a submarine’s job description(工作职责)is not to be found．Many modern submarines do not use active sonar，only passive sonar．This makes it very difficult for a submarine to“hear”if another submarine is near．
Britain’s Ministry of Defense(国防部) has said the collision did not lead to any radioactive leaks(放射物泄漏)．The chance of a full nuclear explosion was almost impossible．However，experts say that if the walls of the submarines had broken，or a fire had been started，there could have been a major disaster．
A senior British Navy source told The Sun newspaper that the possible consequences of such a collision were“unthinkable”．
“It’s very unlikely there would have been a nuclear explosion．But a radioactive leak was a possibilitv．That would have been a national disaster．”he said．
64、What has made HMS Vanguard and Le Triomphant well known recently?
A、l heir names carried very positive meanings．．
B、They collided in the Atlantic this February．
C、They are both equipped with advanced technology．
D、They are both nuclear—armed submarines．
65、What’s the probable reason for the accident?
A、The two submarines were moving at a high speed．
B、Their anti—sonar equipment was too effective．
C、They were not equipped with active sonar．．
D、The submarines were designed to be too quiet．
66、Which of the following is the right order in which the dolphin senses the object’s position?
a、The sound hitting the object．
b、Producing high—pitched sound．
c、The sound echoing back．
d、Working out the time to come back．
e、Receiving the sound．
A、b一a—c—d—e   B、d—a—e—c—b   C、b—c—d—a—e   D、b—a—c—e—d
67、Which of the following is NOT true about the passage?
A、Both of the submarines carried nuclear arms when they collided．
B、Many modern submarines do not use passive sonar so as to be as hidden as possible．
C、The collision may have caused a disaster if a fire had been started．
D、There would have been a nuclear explosion if the two submarines had collided harder．

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B
An adopted American girl who was dying from bone marrow(骨髓)failure has survived a successful, transplant thanks to her Chinese donor(捐献者). She has come to China, with her family, to meet her donor at a ceremony held in Beijing.
Who would have thought that such a lovely girl had just survived such a deadly disease?
A big hug is the only way to express feelings at the moment, as Kailee Wells is embraced by her donor Dr Wang Lin. Kailee Wells said, ”Xie Xie Ni, Dr Wang Lin, for giving a part of your 1ife to me.”
Dr Wang cannot control his emotions after seeing 10-year-old Kailee's miraculous recovery. Dr Wang Lin. Said, “To see this beautiful and spirited little girl standing before me today, I feel so relieved, so happy.”
Born in the central province of Hunan, Kailee was found abandoned in Changde. She spent a year in an orphanage before being adopted by the Wells family in New Mexico.
At 5, her bone marrow stopped producing red and white blood cells. But her family never gave up hope of finding a perfect match, and after two unsuccessful plants, Kailee finally had a third，which was successful．
Kailee’s mother Linda Wells said, “well last Christmas，we were a11 very worried about Kailee，and we were not sure at that time whether she would be here this year with us now-and here we ware in China, in Beijing with this wonderful celebration and meeting Dr Wang Lin. It’s a true blessing.
China’s bone marrow donor registry has grow to more than 700 000，thanks to increased awareness of the procedure by Chinese citizens.
Hong Junling, director of Red Cross Society, China said, “In the past, if a patient became sick，we had to turn to donor programs overseas or in Taiwan to apply. Nowadays, for the most part，our patients know that if they become sick they can first try the China Red Cross database.”
The Wells family will stay in China until next week，during which they will help recruit more bone marrow donors.
60、Which would be the best title for the passage?
A、US girl saved by Chinese donor,             B、US girl is to meet her donor．
C、A lucky adopted US girl．                       D、US girl fights with deadly disease．
61、Which of the following is TRUE about Kailee?
A、She was abandoned outside an orphanage in New Mexico.
B、She has suffered the hone marrow failure for about 5 years.
C、She had never been to China before the ceremony.
D、She is an American born Chinese adopted by a US couple.
62、The Wells family paid a visit to China    ．
A、for Kailee’s third transplant            B、to donate bone marrow
C、to meet a special person                  D、to help abandoned children
63、What can we infer from the passage?
A、Kailee is willing to help bone-marrow—failure patients in the hospital.
B、There are more than 700 000 patients of bone marrow failure.
C、Kailee’s family will donate money for patients of bone marrow failure.
D、Kailee’s American parents loved her and never gave her up.

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第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Universal Orlando Resort in Florida is opening a Harry Potter theme park that will let fans visit many of the iconic(标志性的) locations in the Harry Potter books and movies.
“The Wizarding(魔法) World of Harry Potter” is set to open at Universal’s Islands of Adventure theme park in late 2009, complete with the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, the Forbidden Forest and Hogsmeade village.
“一The plans I've seen look incredibly exciting, and I don’t think fans of the books or films will be disappointed,” said author J.K.Rowling, who has been working with a creative team to make sure the park resembles the books and films.
“More than a dozen artists lead by Stuart Craig, the world best to ensure that level of authenticity(真实性),” she said.
The park will let visitors view the famed locations in Rowling’s magical world, like Dumbledore’s office in Hogwarts and the shops in Hogsmeade. Some locations may be in upcoming books, Trowbridge said.
Many tourists outside the theme park said the experience would boost its appeal to a younger audience.
Brandon Wilson, a 15-year-old from Pleasant Hill, said he can’t get enough of Harry Potter．he has read every book and watched every movie.
“I hope we will be able to fly like Harry Potter,” Wilson said.
56、What’s the best title of the passage?
A、The Introduction to Universal Orlando Resort.
B、Harry Potter Theme Park Headed to Florida.
C、The Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and wizardry.
D、Hogsmeade Village.    ．
57、What’s the meaning of the underlined word "resemble” in Paragraph 3?
A、Look like.    B、Look out.   C、Look at.      D、Look into.
58、Which of the following is TRUE?
A、Harry Potter theme park has been built in Universal Orlando Resort.
B、The Wizarding World of Harry Potter is the name of theme park.
C、J.K.Rowling is the chief director of the theme park.
D、The Harry Potter theme park will attract all the audience.
59、which of the following spots can NOT be seen in the future Harry Potter theme park?
A、The Forbidden Forest.                                 B、Hogsmeade Village.
C、Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.               D、Dumbledore’s bedroom.

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第II卷（满分50分）
第一节：任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
在第76至80题中，Celia, Enoch, Martina, Brian和Derek准备选择一所大学就读。阅读下面六所大学的介绍（选项A、B、C、D、E和F），选出符合各人需求的最佳选项，选项中有一项是多余选项。
   1 Celia’s mother is a nice kindergarten nurse and when she was very young she was in close touch with children. With time passing by, she has got interested in early children education and has made up her mind to follow her mother.
   2  Enoch is from Texas of US whose grandparents were black slaves who worked on a south plantation(大种植园). He has learned some about his ancestors’ miserable past and wants to study the Black People in US. Also, he hopes the university will offer the dormitory equipped with the Internet so that he can have a good connection with his friends.
   3  Martina’ mother, as well as many of her relatives, is an active member of the Women’s Right Movement. Influenced by them, Martina thinks highly of their work and takes part in their activities from time to time. She has decided to do more studies about the Women’s Right Movements after she graduates from school.
   4 Brian expects to head for an exciting and challenging major which makes humans live better and longer when he enters university. What’s more, he is energetic and eager for an environment which is convenient for outdoor activities such as hiking , rafting so that he can enjoy a long life.
   5  With the coming of IT age, Derek is determined to find a college or university where he can have cost-effective life-long learning with high quality so as so meet the needs of a changing and developing world. Then, can you guess what his head-for major may be?
A. Most exciting and full of opportunity, challenges and self-discovery, this university combines urban cultural lifestyle with small town safety. It has a mild climate and is ideal for outdoor activities such as hiking, rafting. Its main majors are Education, Engineering, Physical / Life Sciences and so on.
B. It is a community college located next to a famous resort town offering technical programs for students. Its task is to provide a comprehensive, student-centered college education and use a variety of teaching methods in the classroom. It owns the following majors: Music, Early Childhood Education, Economics and so on.
C. Our college is to achieve and maintain recognized excellence in education, service and leadership within a changing world. It is cost-effective life-long learning and prepares students for great careers. Its majors are Information Technology, Professional and Career Development Programs, Social Sciences and some others.
D. As a state-assisted private university, it was founded in 1929. The campus has grown significantly in size and scope. Residence halls are equipped with Internet access. The university offers 117 different majors including Art, Environmental Sciences, Black Affairs Studies Program, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering and so on.
E. This University has earned a reputation for providing quality education to meet the needs of students preparing for new careers of tomorrow. It is close to the city of Detroit , with a safe environment. The following majors are offered: Philosophy, Psychology, Women’s Studies Program, Social Work, etc.
F. In our university, students are treated as individuals, and are helped to be good at academics, art, music. Personalized instruction in a small classroom setting is possible. Students interact one-on-one with highly qualified professors. Our main majors are: Math / Computer Sciences, Social Sciences / Humanities and so on.

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E
Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance. The purpose is to let children learn from experience at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly.
The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family. Timing is another consideration. Some children get a weekly allowance. Others get a monthly allowance.
In any case, parents should make clear what, if anything, the child is expected to pay for with the money. At first, young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it. If they do this, they will learn the hard way that spending must be done within a budget. Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until the next allowance.
The object is to show young people that a budget demands choices between spending and saving. Older children may be responsible enough to save money for larger costs, like clothing or electronics. Many people who have written on the subject of allowances say it is not a good idea to pay your child for work around the home. These jobs are a normal part of family life.
Paying children to do extra work around the house, however, can be useful. It can even provide an understanding of how a business works.
Allowances give children a chance to experience the three things they can do with money. They can share it in the form of gifts or giving to a good cause. They can spend it by buying things they want. Or they can save it.
Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice: you have to cut costs and plan for the future. Requiring children to save part of their allowance can also open the door to future saving and investing. Many banks offer services to help children and teenagers learn about personal finance. A savings account is an excellent way to learn about the power of compound interest.
Compounding works by paying interest on interest. So, for example, one dollar invested at two percent interest for two years will earn two cents in the first year. The second year, the money will earn two percent of one dollar and two cents, and so on. That may not seem like a lot. But over time it adds up.
77.For children who receive allowances, they’d better not ________.　　
A. waste money to buy gifts for their parents or friends　　
B. buy their favorite clothing or electronics for themselves　　
C. save money like their parents or other adults　　
D. ask for the next allowance before the decided date.
78．Many parents give children an allowance regularly to ______.　　
A. meet children’s basic need for life
B. give control over their children　　
C. see whether they have financial mistakes
D. help children learn how to manage money
79.If children are required to save their allowance, they ______.　　
A. can experience three things related to money　　
B. can understand the relation between goals and sacrifice　　
C. will do more work around the house　　
D. help themselves found the basis for their future life
80. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Be Generous to Pay Your Children
B. Be Wise to Avoid Financial Mistakes
C. Saving Allowances Does Good to Children
D. Allowances Help Children Learn about Money

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