The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance to African ecosystem(生态系统). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a big plant-eater, it largely shapes the forest- and-savanna(大草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.
It is the elephant’s great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas . In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters.
Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations, the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.
What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem. What is the passage mainly about?
| A．Disappearance of African elephants. |
| B．Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants. |
| C．The effect of African elephants' search for food. |
| D．The eating habit of African elephants. |
What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?
| A．Fixing the time. |
| B．Worsening the state. |
| C．Improving the quality. |
| D．Deciding the conditions. |
What do we know about the open spaces in the passage?
| A．They result from the destruction of rain forests. |
| B．They provide food mainly for African elephants. |
| C．They are home to many endangered animals. |
| D．They are attractive to plant-eating animals of different kinds. |
According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
| A．The African elephant is the largest animal on earth. |
| B．African elephants have 300 pounds of plants every day. |
| C．The African elephant is in a way the builder of the environment like all the other land animals. |
| D．If the African elephant disappears, the whole ecosystem won’t be affected. |
The passage is developed mainly by .
| A．showing the effect and then explaining the causes |
| B．pointing out similarities and differences |
| C．describing the changes in space order |
| D．giving examples |
People celebrate birthdays in almost every country on earth. And they celebrate them in many different ways.
In China and in Japan, for example, the arrival of New Year is more important than a person’s birthday. So everyone adds a year to celebrate their ages on New Year’s Day, instead of on their birthdays,
In Brazil, the special birthday food isn’t cake, but special candles. In China, it’s long noodles—for long life. In Iceland, people have pancakes with candies rolled inside them on birthdays.
In Britain, a birthday is an all-day celebration. At school, the birthday child is lifted up and “bumped” by his classmates. This means the child is lifted by the feet and arms and bumped to the ground, once for each year once for good growth. In Israel, the same custom is followed, except the birthday person is lifted and lowered while sitting in a chair.
In Holland, children not only get presents, but also give things out. They give cakes, cookies and candles to their classmates and teachers on their birthdays.
In Mexico, it’s good luck to give birthday greetings as early in the day as possible. So it’s usual for the birthday child to be woken up at midnight by fiends singing birthday songs.
In India, birthday celebrations also begin before dawn. Prayers and blessings must be said before morning comes.
In Thailand, two tall candles are lighted the night before the birthday. One is as tall as the birthday person. If it goes out early, it’s bad luck. Another customs of Thailand is that they buy live fish and birds for the birthday person and then the birthday person frees the animals, and it brings good luck.
In Nigeria, people in a certain age group celebrate their birthdays together, on a certain day.
In many countries birthday customs are changing. Old customs are giving way to western style of birthdays, with candle topped cakes. But one thing never changes—birthdays are special days for everyone!It’s a custom to lift and lower the birthday person in a chair in _____.
| A．Britain | B．Israel |
| C．Britain and Israel | D．Israel and Thailand |
According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
| A．In Thailand people give fish and birds to the birthday person as presents. |
| B．In Holland people give presents to unbirthday persons on their birthdays. |
| C．In Nigeria people who were born in the same period may celebrate their birthdays on the same day. |
| D．In Thailand a candle will be lighted on the birthday night. |
What does the text mainly talk about?
| A．Different countries have different birthdays. |
| B．Celebrating birthdays is exciting. |
| C．Different ways of celebrating the birthday in different countries. |
| D．Everyone likes celebrating his or her birthday. |
Every day, about one-quarter of American adults eat at fast-food restaurants. Cheap, tasty, and convenient, fast food is rich in fat and calories, and it’s low in fiber and nutrients. Thanks in large part to fast food, half of America’s adults and one-quarter of its children are fat, double the rate of a generation ago. In the past two decades, eating habits have changed as people pay more attention to their health. However, many Americans continue to eat red meat (beef in particular) as well as pork, chicken and other foods. Although beer and wine are popular in most areas, many Americans abstain from alcohol, because they think they will become healthier without drinking it. Various kinds of mineral water are commonly available.
Eating styles and habits vary between people of different backgrounds, but Americans generally eat with the fork in the hand with which they write. A knife is used for cutting and spreading; otherwise, it is laid on the plate or table. Fast foods, such as chips, fried chicken, hamburgers, and pizza, tend to be eaten with the fingers. There is an obvious difference between what people may do at home or in a fast-food restaurant, and how they act in a more formal restaurant. Because both parents often work outside the home, some Americans are less likely to sit down as a family to eat once the children are older and able to prepare their own food or serve themselves.How many adults became fat after eating fast foods a generation ago?
| A．12.5% of them | B．25% of them |
| C．50% of them | D．75% of them |
American have changed their eating habits in the past twenty years because ______.
| A．they want to keep healthy |
| B．economy develops faster |
| C．they have different backgrounds |
| D．they have to work outside |
The underlined phrase “abstain from” in Para. 1 probably means ______.
| A．feel like | B．get close to | C．suffer from | D．get rid of |
We can infer from the passage ______.
| A．some fast foods aren’ t eaten with tools in America |
| B．Americans always eat fried chicken with a knife |
| C．Americans prefer to eat outside than at home |
| D．Americans always go home having meals as a family |
Which would be the best title of the passage?
| A．Fast foods in the US. |
| B．Various cultures of the US. |
| C．Diet and eating in America. |
| D．Changes about Americans eating. |
The Intel Science Talent Search is the top science competition for high school students in the US. The 40 finalists were honored in Washington last week. They met with scientists and politicians. President Obama welcomed them to the White House.
These 40 students were selected from almost 2,000 contestants nationwide. They had to present original research to be judged by professional scientists. The students showed their research projects on large posters. The winners were announced on March 15th, 2011.
Wendy Hawkins is executive director of the Intel Foundation, who says the 40 finalists represented excellence across many areas of science.
Selena Li is from Fair Oaks, California. She wanted to find a more effective treatment for liver cancer. She began her research four years ago. A scientist at the University of California, Davis, taught her how to design and do experimental work in the laboratory. Ms. Li placed 5th in the Intel Science Talent Search and was awarded 30,000 dollars.
Scott Boisvert lives near Phoenix, Arizona. He began using a laboratory at the University of Arizona at the age of 14. Over four years, he completed a project studying a fungus(真菌) linked to the decrease in amphibians（两栖动物）around the world. He was trying to find out if different chemicals and substances in the water could kill the fungus. He collected and tested water samples across Arizona. He says, “My results were able to identify a list of chemicals that were significant in the growth and in the movement of the fungus.” He placed10th in the Intel competition and was awarded 20,000 dollars.
Evan O’Dorney of Danville, California, won the top award of 100,000 dollars in this year’s Intel Science Talent Search. For his mathematical project, he compared two ways to estimate the square root of an integer (整数) , a number with no fractional parts.
Wendy Hawkins at the Intel Foundation says these young people represent the next generation of scientists who will help shape America’s future.According to the passage, if you want to win the Intel Science Talent Search, you must________.
| A．have high academic achievement |
| B．be excellent in all areas of science |
| C．offer original research |
| D．do many experiments in a university lab |
Who will be probably engaged in math study in the future and become a mathematician?
| A．Wendy Hawkins. | B．Selena Li. |
| C．Scott Boisvert. | D．Evan O’Dorney |
Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?
| A．Scott Boisvert found a new fungus linked to the decease in amphibians. |
| B．The 1st, 5th and 10th students in the competition come from California. |
| C．Scott Boisvert is the youngest winner among the 40 students. |
| D．The Intel Science Talent Search is an intense competition. |
The Wendy Hawkins’s attitude to these 40 finalists is ______.
| A．critical | B．negative | C．positive | D．mixed |
Visitors can find a small, old house called the O. Henry Museum in central Austin, Texas. William Sydney Porter(1862-1910)----better known as O. Henry, was one of America’s best loved writers of short stories. Beginning in 1893, he lived here. It was saved from destruction, moved, and turned into a museum in 1934. The museum is a good way to learn about the interesting life of him.
William Porter rented this house and lived with his wife and daughter for about two years. Many objects in the museum belonged to the Porters. Others did not, but are in the house to recreate the way it looked during their lifetime.
Porter worked at a pharmacy, farm, land office and bank. He also loved words and writing. The museum has special proof of Porter’s love of language---his dictionary. It’s said that he read every word in it. Porter started a small publication called “The Rolling Stone”. He wasn’t being published early on, so he published himself. His funny stories, poems, and drawings were published in the magazine. But it was too costly to continue for long, so he closed the project after about one year.
Other troubles would lead the Porters to leave Austin. Porter was accused of financial wrongdoing at the bank and lost his job. Fearing a trial, he fled the country. But he returned because his wife was dying. After her death, he faced trial and was found guilty. He served three and a half years in a federal prison in Ohio.
Porter would keep his time in prison a secret. But there was one good thing about it. It provided him with time to write. By the time of his release, he had published 14 stories and was becoming well-known as O. Henry.
Porter would later move to New York City and find great success there. He published over 380 stories in the last eight years of his life.What is the author’s purpose of writing paragraph 3?
| A．To attract more visitors to the O. Henry Museum. |
| B．To show the jobs O. Henry once did. |
| C．To show O. Henry’s early love of words and writing. |
| D．To introduce O. Henry’s publication called “The Rolling Stone”. |
Which of the following shows the right order of O. Henry?
a. He was committed to prison.
b. He settled down in central Austin.
c. His wife died.
d. He started a small publication called “The Rolling Stone”.
e. He moved to New York City.
| A．bdcae | B．bcade | C．bdcea | D．bacde |
What can be inferred from the passage?
| A．Most of O. Henry’s short stories were finished in prison. |
| B．O. Henry didn’t start his career as a successful writer when living in central Austin. |
| C．O. Henry was born in a small, old house which is called the O. Henry Museum now. |
| D．O. Henry spent his last life in the small, old house in Texas. |
What does the author want to tell us in the passage?
| A．O. Henry’s experience in prison. |
| B．The objects in the O. Henry’s Museum |
| C．O. Henry’s achievement in literature. |
| D．A brief account of O. Henry’s life |
Many reasons can explain why football is so popular. All around the world, millions play the sport and many more like to watch it. Some would say that the simplicity of the game is the main reason for its popularity, but that can’t be true as, this way, marathons or races would be the most popular sports in the world. In fact, the most popular sport in the world is football.
The main reason for the popularity of any sport is the room for creativity inside the sport. Football has plenty of room for creativity as it enables players to use their bodies in unique ways to get hold of the ball and score while at the same time keeping the other team from scoring. In addition to this, the rules ensure that the game is clean and fair, thus encouraging new players to play it.
Another reason is that this game doesn’t require expensive equipment. All the kids in poor developing countries like playing it as all they need to play it is a ball and an empty playground, and that would ensure a quality time for a group of kids who want to enjoy their time. The Federation International de Football Association (FTFA) knows this fact and is always trying to keep the rules and regulations applicable for poorer countries.
For fans of the sport, it is very entertaining to watch the skills and talents of the players in professional matches. The outcome of a match can easily change in the dying moments of a game. Some matches are even better than watching a thriller, because you really have no idea what the result of the match will be.From the first paragraph, we know that marathons and races _______.
| A．are sports that are as simple as football |
| B．are sports that are simpler than football |
| C．are sports that people like watching most |
| D．are the most popular sports in the world |
We can learn from the text that _____.
| A．football is popular mainly because of its simplicity |
| B．the rules of football make the game safe and simple |
| C．football gives players room for creativity |
| D．playing football can help poor kids earn money |
This fact in the third paragraph refers to ______.
| A．kids need balls and empty playground to play in |
| B．the equipment in developing countries is very cheap |
| C．kids in developing countries enjoy playing football |
| D．kids in developing countries don’t keep football rules |
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