五.语法填空 (20分)
Enough sleep is important to health. The amount of sleep needed 1 (depend) on the age of the person and the conditions in 2 sleep takes place. The young may need more sleep than the old, but usually eight hours are enough for the health of grown-ups. Some can do with 3 than this amount, but 4 may need more. Every person knows his own need. 5 is then a matter of good judgment to satisfy his need. Sleep6 always be enough to make one bring back his 7 (strong) and get ready for a day’s work.
Fresh air is necessary to sound sleep. So it is not without reason for some people to think that it is practicable to sleep in the open air. A bath at bedtime, 8 hot nor cool but of body temperature, may be 9__ (help) to sleep. Sleep producing drug(帮助睡眠的药物) should never be taken except when 10 (suggest) by a doctor.
There are ______ kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, ___
___, movies or history. Some of them ___
___ having the biggest or longest roller coasters. ___
___ and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you.
In the fantasy ______ park of Disneyland, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street. Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant ___
___ ships to terrifying free-fall drops. With all these ___
___, it is ___
___ that tourism is increasing __
___ there is a Disneyland. Dollywood, being one of the most ___
___ theme park in the world, shows and celebrates America’s traditional southeastern culture.
The back-to-school season is upon us, and once again, parents across the country have loaded their kids’ backpacks up with snack packs and school supplies. It’s a good moment to reflect on what else we should be giving our kids as they head off to school.
American parents are feeling particularly anxious about that question this year. The educational process feels more than ever like a race, one that starts in pre-school and doesn’t end until your child is admitted to the perfect college. Most parents are more worried than they need to be about their children’s grades, test scores and IQ. And what we don’t think about enough is how to help our children build their character—how to help them develop skills like perseverance, optimism, responsibility, and self-control, which together do more to determine success than S.A.T. scores or I.Q.
There is growing evidence that our anxiety about our children’s school performance may actually be holding them back from learning some of these valuable skills. If you’re concerned only with a child’s G.P.A., then you will likely choose to minimize the challenges the child faces in school. With real challenge comes the risk of real failure. And in a competitive academic environment, the idea of failure can be very scary, to students and parents alike.
But experiencing failure is a critical part of building character. Recent research by a team of psychologists found that adults who had experienced little or no failure growing up were actually less happy and confident than those who had experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood. “Overcoming those obstacles,” the researchers assumed, “could teach effective coping skills, help engage social support networks, create a sense of mastery over past adversity, and foster beliefs in the ability to cope successfully in the future.”
By contrast, when we protect our children from every possible failure—when we call their teachers to get an extension on a paper; when we urge them to choose only those subjects they’re good at—we are denying them those same character-building experiences. As the psychologists Madeline Levine and Dan Kindlon have written, that can lead to difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood, when overprotected young people finally confront real problems on their own and don’t know how to overcome them.
In the classroom and outside of it, American parents need to encourage children to take chances, to challenge themselves, to risk failure. In the meantime, giving our kids room to fail may be one of the best ways we can help them succeed.
| Back to School: Why Perseverance Is More Important than Good Grades? |
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| Common phenomena |
☺Parents throughout America |
| ☺Many American parents don’t |
|
| The writer’s |
Parents should pay more attention to their kids’ character building. |
| Evidence and |
☺Parents’ anxiety about their kids’ performance may |
| ☺Parents concerned only with a kid’s G.P.A. have a |
|
| ☺Adults who have experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood are |
|
| ☺Denying kids character-building experiences can |
|
| The writer’s suggestions |
☺ |
| ☺Give kids room to experience |
I used to be the messiest person alive. Over theyears, through watching others and by trial and error,I have finally found ways to come up with plans,organize them and follow through with them.
Make an outline of everything you need to haveand do to make your plan happen. Make a list of allof the steps that need to be accomplished and thinkabout what needs to be done.
Detail everything thoroughly and read over it soyou can start coming up with some mental solutionsof how to carry out your plans.
You should ensure that if for some reason wayone doesn't work, you have way two and way three tolean back on. Therefore, different ways are needed athand. It's just a matter of being organized. Chancesare that there is always more than one way of doingthings, and chances are that if one of those waysdoesn't work,one of the others will.
Committing yourself to finishing at least part ifnot all of your plan at once is also necessary. It willshow that you not only have initiative to get thingsrolling, but that you are interested in the resultsobtained with making the move to get everythingdone.
If you make a commitment to finish before aspecific time, make sure that you carry that out, andbe sure to do everything in the way you said youwould, within the time-frame you set for yourself.
Don't try to tackle (处理) more things all at atime. All that does is delay your progress, distract youand make you lose your interest, motivation andenergy.
Carrying out an effective plan requires being asorganized as possible. You will only achieve this bysticking to the order of the plan and not deviating ortrying to do more at a time.
Last but not the least, you should never abandonthings mid-project. It will only annoy everyonearound you including yourself. Unfinished plans are awaste of time, energy and, in some cases，evenmoney.
So,don't be afraid of organization. The older weget,the more necessary it becomes to have the skills to follow through with confidence and to be able tocarry through plans in an organized and manageableway. It pays to be organized, after all.
| Title: Tips on how to be __ |
||
| Tips |
Details |
__ |
| __ |
List everything you need List __ |
To make your plan happen |
| Prepare three __ |
|
To __ |
| __ |
Do everything __ |
To show yourself you are determined to get things stared and caring about the results |
| Do one thing at once |
Stick to the order of you plan |
To save your interest, motivation and energy |
| Finish what you have started |
|
To get your plan __ |
| __ |
||
| You shouldn’t be afraid of organization because it’s really worthwhile. |
Travelling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier. We live in a global village, but this doesn't mean that we all behave in the same way.
How should we behave when you meet someone for the first time? An American shakes your hand firmly while looking you straight in the eye. In many parts of Asia, there is no physical contact () at all. In Japan, you should bow, and the more respect you want to show, the deeper you should bow. In Thailand, people greet each other by pressing both hands together at the chest. In both countries, eye contact is avoided as a sign of respect.
Many countries have rules about what you should and shouldn't wear. In Korea, you should takeoff your shoes when entering a house. Remember to place them neatly together where you came in.
In Spain, lunch is often the biggest meal of the day, and can last two or three hours. For this reason many people eat a light breakfast and a late dinner. In Mexico, lunch is a time to relax, and many people prefer not to discuss business as they eat. In Britain, it's not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.
In most countries, an exchange of business cards is necessary for all introductions. You should include your company name and your position. If you are going to a country where your language is not widely spoken, you can get the back side of your card printed in the local language. In China, you may present your card with the writing facing the person you are giving it to.
| Title: Good |
||
| Aspect |
Country |
Custom |
| ·America ·Japan · |
·Shaking hands firmly · ·Pressing both hands together at the chest |
|
| Dressing |
·Korea |
·Taking off your shoes at the |
| Eating |
·Spain ·Mexico · |
·Having a light breakfast and a late dinner ·Relaxing while having ·Holding a business meeting over breakfast |
| Doing business |
·Most countries ·China |
·Exchanging business card when yourself ·Presenting a card to a person |
| Conclusion: When travelling |
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Since the earliest civilizations, people have controlled rivers to meet society’s demands. Today, rivers are controlled for many reasons, primarily to maintain reliable water supplies for daily, agricultural and industrial needs, for power generation, for navigation(航行), and to prevent flooding.
River control is achieved by channelization, a term that covers a range of river engineering works, including widening, deepening, straightening and stabilization of banks, and by the construction of dams.
An important period of channelization took place in Europe during the 19th century, when many large rivers were straightened and their beds deepened. One of the most dramatically changed was the Tisza River, a branch of the Danube that flows through Hungary. The controlling of the Tisza, designed to reduce flooding and make land for agriculture, included cutting off more than 100 meanders(河曲), shortening the river’s length by nearly 400 kilometers.
One of the most common ways in which people control rivers is by damming them. The past 50 years or so has seen an increase in dam construction worldwide, and at the beginning of the 21st century, there were about 800,000 dams globally, some towering more than 200 meters in height.
Despite their successes, many dams also cause significant environmental changes that prove harmful. Some particularly deep reservoirs(水库)can bring about earthquakes due to the stress on their bottom rocks caused by huge volumes of water. Downstream of a reservoir, the river is certainly influenced in many ways: water volume, speed and quality are all affected, leading to changes in the landscape and among plants and animals.
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