In ancient China tea was probably used as a relish(开胃小菜) and as a medicine. Tea was first brewed(煮泡) as a medicine around 2,700 BC in the western mountains of China. Tea was likely seen as healthy in part because it was made with boiled water, which is safer to drink in an area of polluted water.
Tea drinking, and commercial cultivation(种植)，spread during the Tang Dynasty, 618-907, especially after a Buddhist monk(佛教僧侣), wrote a book on the virtues of tea, Cha Ching. Tea gradually became one of the seven basic necessities of Chinese life (The others are fuel, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, and vinegar.)
A Japanese Buddhist priest, Saicho, is believed to have introduced tea to Japan, when he returned from a visit to China in 805. In Japan tea drinking was considered medicinal, and became closely associated with Zen Buddhism(禅宗).
Tea drinking also spread to Korea and Southeast Asia, and was taken over the Silk Road to Central Asia, Russia, and the Middle East.
Dutch explorers became familiar with tea in the 1590s and were soon importing tea to Europe. In 1657 the British East India Company held the first public sale of tea in England, while that same year Thomas Garraway began offering tea at his London coffee house.
In 1662 tea received a big boost(推进) in England when the Portuguese Catherine of Braganza, married King Charles II and introduced tea drinking to the British court.
Gradually, the British fell in love with tea, and with the sugar that went in it. In 1665, less than 88 tons of sugar was imported to Great Britain. By 1700, it had increased to 10,000 tons of sugar. In 1768 the East India Company imported 10 million pounds of tea to Britain.
1. Tea has been used as a medicine in China for _________.
A. about 8,000 years B. about 4,700 years
C. about 2,200 years D. about 2,700 years
2. Tea began to spread as a popular drink in China because of _______.
A. the Silk Road B. the basic necessities of Chinese life
C. a famous book about tea D. its association with Zen Buddhism
3. According to the text, we can infer that Britain________.
A. first introduced tea to Europe
B. was the first country to trade with China for tea
C. was the first country to have learned about tea from China
D. may be the biggest imported country of tea in Europe even today
4. What is the text mainly about?
A. The history of tea B. How tea was introduced to other countries
C. China is the home of tea D. The importance of tea
There are hundreds of things that your parents controlled for you when you were a child．And it’s a good thing, too — kids need this kind of protection and assistance, because they aren’t mature enough to take care of themselves and make careful decisions on their own．
But eventually, kids grow up and become teens．It’s totally normal for teens to create their own opinions, thoughts, and values about life; it’s what prepares them for adulthood．But as you change and grow into this new person who makes his or her own decisions, your parents may have a difficult time adjusting themselves to it．
In most families, it’s this adjustment that can cause a lot of fighting between teens and parents．Teens get angry because they feel parents don’t respect them and aren’t giving them space to do what they like, and parents get angry because they aren’t used to not being in control or they disagree with the teens’ decisions．
It’s easy for feelings to get very hurt when there are conflicts like these．And more complicated issues can cause even bigger arguments, because your parents will always be intent on protecting you and keeping you safe, no matter how old you are．
The good news about fighting with your parents is that in many families the arguing will lessen as parents get more comfortable with the idea that their teens have a right to certain opinions．It can take several years for parents and teens to adjust to their new roles, though．In the meantime, concentrate on communicating with your parents as best you can．
Sometimes this can feel impossible — like they just don’t see your point of view and never will．But talking and expressing your opinions can help you gain more respect from your parents, and you may be able to reach a compromise that makes everyone happy．Keep in mind, too, that your parents were teens once and that in most cases, they can relate to what you’re going through．Why do parents always want to control their children?
| A．They are afraid to lose their children． |
| B．They want to protect their children． |
| C．They don’t believe the ability of their children． |
| D．They can’t accept their children are growing． |
The author suggested that teenagers ________．
| A．fight with their parents bravely for their rights |
| B．obey their parents without any doubt |
| C．communicate with their parents actively |
| D．persuade their parents in as many ways as possible |
It can be inferred from the passage that ________．
| A．most parents will give in while fighting with their children |
| B．the conflict between parents and teenagers can be solved |
| C．the only way for teens to get freedom is to leave home |
| D．only few parents do well in facing the growth of their children |
Psychologists tell us that there are four basic stages that human beings pass through when they enter and live in a new culture．This process begins with the “honeymoon stage”．This is the period of time when we first arrive in which everything about the new culture is strange and exciting．We may be suffering from “jet lag” but we are thrilled to be in the new environment, seeing new sights, hearing new sounds and language, eating new kinds of food．This stage can last for quite a long time because we feel we are involved in some kind of great adventure．
Unfortunately, the second stage can be more difficult．After we have settled down into our new life, we can become very tired and begin to miss our homeland and our family, friends, pets．All the little problems in life seem to be much bigger and more disturbing when you face them in a foreign culture．This period of cultural adjustment can be very difficult and lead to rejecting or pulling away from the new culture．
The third stage is called the “adjustment stage”．This is when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture．Your sense of humour usually becomes stronger and you realize that you are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place．Things are still difficult, but you are now a survivor!
The fourth stage can be called “at ease at last”．Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings．You can cope（deal） with most problems that occur．You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them．This passage mainly talks about ________．
| A．culture and foreign language learning | B．adventures in a foreign land |
| C．getting used to a new culture | D．the interaction of different cultures |
Which of the following best describes the first stage?
| A．Lonely and depressed | B．Bored and homesick |
| C．Happy and excited | D．Angry and frustrated |
According to the passage, people are most likely to return to their own culture at the ________stage．
| A．1st | B．2nd | C．third | D．fourth |
It can be concluded from the passage that ________．
| A．people feel better in their own culture |
| B．it is not easy to adapt to a new culture |
| C．culture shock doesn’t occur at the beginning |
| D．it is human nature to long for adventures |
He's an old cobbler （修鞋匠） with a shop in the Marais, a historic area in Paris．When I took him my shoes, he at first told me: “I haven't time．Take them to the other fellow on the main street ; he'll fix them for you right away．”
But I'd had my eye on his shop for a long time．Just looking at his bench loaded with tools and pieces of leather, I knew he was a skilled craftsman． “No,” I replied, “the other fellow can't do it well．”
“The other fellow” was one of those shopkeepers who fix shoes and make keys “while-U-wait” — without knowing much about mending shoes or making keys．They work carelessly, and when they have finished sewing back a sandal strap （鞋带） you might as well just throw away the pair．
My man saw I wouldn't give in, and he smiled．He wiped his hands on his blue apron （围裙）, looked at my shoes, had me write my name on one shoe with a piece of chalk and said, “Come back in a week．”
I was about to leave when he took a pair of soft leather boots off a shelf．
“See what I can do?” he said with pride． “Only three of us in Paris can do this kind of work．”
When I got back out into the street, the world seemed brand-new to me．He was something out of an ancient legend, this old craftsman with his way of speaking familiarly, his very strange, dusty felt hat, his funny accent from who-knows-where and, above all, his pride in his craft．
These are times when nothing is important but the bottom line, when you can do things any old way as long as it “pays”, when, in short, people look on work as a path to ever-increasing consumption （消费） rather than a way to realize their own abilities．In such a period it is a rare comfort to find a cobbler who gets his greatest satisfaction from pride in a job well done．Which of the following is true about the old cobbler?
| A．He was equipped with the best repairing tools． |
| B．He was the only cobbler in the Marais． |
| C．He was proud of his skills． |
| D．He was a native Parisian． |
The sentence “He was something out of an ancient legend．” （ paragraph 7 ） implies that______
| A．nowadays you can hardly find anyone like him |
| B．it was difficult to communicate with this man |
| C．the man was very strange |
| D．the man was too old |
According to the author, many people work just to__________．
| A．realize their abilities | B．gain happiness |
| C．make money | D．gain respect |
This story wants to tell us that__________．
| A．craftsmen make a lot of money | B．whatever you do, do it well |
| C．craftsmen need self-respect | D．people are born equal |
Looking back on China's road to outer space, people can easily find it has not been very smooth．In the past years, Chinese people have made hard and determined efforts to realize the dream their ancestors had for thousands of years．
After China's first satellite into the Earth's orbit in 1970 came four flights of unmanned Shenzhou spaceflight from 1999 to 2002．The country carried out its first one-piloted spaceflight in October．2003, making China the third country in the world to have independent human spaceflight ability after the Soviet Union and the United States．Then came another breakthrough on October 12, 2005．
when Shenzhou 6, China's second human spaceflight, was launched, with a crew of two astronauts．What's more, the landmark （里程碑 ）spacewalk done by Zhai Zhigang, one of the three boarding Shenzhou 7, launched on Sept．25, 2008, leads the country further in its space exploration．
Meanwhile, China's moon exploration project, started in 2004, has also been progressing satisfactorily. Fifty years after the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the world's first man-made satellite, China's first circumlunar（绕月的 ）satellite Chang’e 1 took off on Oct．24, 2007, which became the third landmark in China's space achievements after the above-mentioned manned flights．Change 1 was expected to fulfill four scientific goals, one of which was to explore mineral elements on the moon, especially those not existent on the Earth. It's said that the lunar regolith （月壤 ） is abundant in helium-3, a clean fuel that may support the Earth's energy demands for more than a century．Nearly 3 years later, Oct．1, 2010 witnessed the launching of Chang'e 2, China's 2nd unmanned lunar probe, marking another step forward in moon exploration．This time the aim is to test the key techniques of Chang'e 3 and Chang'e 4, as a preparation for a soft lunar landing in the future．
With great expectations, people all over the world are looking forward to China's greater space achievements．According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?
| A．China sent its first satellite into the Moon's orbit in 1970． |
| B．China is the third country in Asia to make human spaceflight． |
| C．By now, 5 astronauts have made successful spaceflight by Shenzhou spaceship． |
| D．The launching of Chang'e 1 became the third landmark in China's space achievements． |
Paragraph 2 mainly deals with the information about China's_ __.
A．landmark spacew alk |
B．manned Shenzhou spaceflight |
| C．first circumlunar satellite | D．unmanned Shenzhou spaceflight |
We can infer from the text that____．
| A．China's road to outer space has been very smooth for a long time |
| B．the lunar regolith is believed to be poor in a clean fuel called helium-3 |
| C．China's scientists are researching into techniques for soft lunar landing |
| D．China's lunar exploration project was started in 2004 and completed in 2007 |
What can be the best title for the text?
| A．Ancient Chinese's Dream | B．The World's Great Expectations |
| C．China's Moon Exploration | D．China s Major Space Achievements |
The author's attitude towards China's space exploration is_ __.
| A．negative | B．positive |
| C．discouraged | D．uninterested |
The UK has a well-respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world．But to those who are new to it all, sometimes it can be confusing．
October is usually the busiest month in the college calendar．Universities have something called Freshers' Week for their newcomers．It's a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs and settle into university life．
However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the outlook of meeting lots of strangers in big halls can be nerve-wracking （令人头痛的）．Where do you start? Who should you make friends with? Which clubs should you join?
Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you worrying about starting their university social life on the right foot．So just take it all in slowly．Don't rush into anything that you'll regret for the next three years．
Here are some top advice from past students on how to survive Freshers' Week:
·Learn rules．Make sure you know British social manners．Have a few wine glasses and snacks handy for your housemates and friends．
·Be kind．Sometimes cups of tea or even slices of toast can give you a head start in making friends．
·Be sociable．The more active you are, the more likely you'll be to meet new people than if you're someone who never leaves their room．
·Bring a doorstop．Keep your door open when you're in and that sends positive messages to your neighbors that you're friendly．
So with a bit of clever planning and effort, Frsshers' Week can give you a great start to your university life and soon you'll be passing on your experience to next year's new recruits．Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?
| A．It's a good idea to bring a doorstop． |
| B．A hit of planning can make Freshers' Week easier． |
| C．October is generally the busiest month for universities in the UK． |
| D．The first week of your even- year at university is called Freshers' Week． |
We can infer from the 4th paragraph that____ ．
| A．the newcomers usually miss the days living at home |
| B．many freshers are worried about how to fit university life |
| C．most of the students in the L K spend three years in universities |
| D．all the new students will make new friends and join certain clubs |
Why does the author suggest having wine glasses and snacks handy?
| A．To pass the busy university life． | B．To pass the time in a happy way． |
| C．To show yourself a drinker as others． | D．To help make friends with others． |
The underlined word "recruits．" in the last paragraph refers to____．
| A．courses | B．freshers | C．neighbors | D．challenges |
The main purpose of the p
assage is to____．
| A．advise the freshers how to behave well in universities |
| B．discuss something about the Freshers' Week in the UK |
| C．tell the newcomers how to make a new start in universities |
| D．introduce something about higher education system of the UK |
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