第二节语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31～40的相应位置上。
At the age of 17, Swedish Alfred Nobel spoke five languages fluently. Nobel became an 31 (invent）and businessman, and at the time of his death on December 10, 1896, he had 355 patents worldwide —— 32 of them was the patent on dynamite(炸药). Furthermore, he had started 87 companies all over the world. According to 33 will, Alfred Nobel's enormous fortune was to be used 34 (establish) prizes to award those 35 had done their best to benefit mankind in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and peace. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901, five years 36 Nobel died. In 1969, another prize was added "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel".
The Nobel Laureates(获得者) 37 ( announce) at the beginning of October each year. A couple of months later, on December 10, 38 anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death, they receive their prizes from the Swedish King —— a Nobel diploma, a medal, and 10 million Swedish crowns per prize. All Nobel Prizes are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden, 39 for the Nobel Peace Prize, which is awarded in Oslo, Norway. When Alfred Nobel was alive, Norway and Sweden were united under one monarch(君主), 40 1905 when Norway became an independent kingdom with its own king.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, many people thought that the American family was falling apart. A century later, we know that this was not the case. However, although the family is still alive in the United States, its size and shape were very different 100 years ago.
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, there were mainly two types of families in the United States: the extended and the nuclear. The extended family usually includes grandparents, parents, and children living under the same roof. The nuclear family consists of only parents and children.
Today there are many different kinds of families. Some people live in “traditional” families, that is, a stay-home mother, a working father, and their own biological children. Others live in two-paycheck families, single-parent families, adoptive or foster families, blended families (where men and women who were married before marry again and combine the children from previous marriages into the new families），childless families, and so on.
What caused the structure of the family to change? In the early 1900s the birthrate began to fall and the divorce rate began to rise. Women were suddenly choosing to go to college and take jobs outside the home. In the 1930s and 1940s, many families faced serious financial, or money problems during the Great Depression, when many people lost their jobs. During World War II（1939-1945)，5 million women were left alone to take care of their homes and their children. Because many men were at war, thousands of these "war widows" had to go to work outside their home.
During the next ten years, the situation changed. There were fewer divorces, and people married at a younger age and had more children than the previous generation. It was unusual for a mother to work outside the home during the years when her children were growing up. Families began leaving cities and moving into single-family homes in the suburbs. The traditional family seemed to be returning.
In the years between 1960s and 1990s, there were many important changes in the structure of the family. From the 1960s to the early 1970s, the divorce rate doubled and the birthrate fell by half. The number of single-parent families tripled, and the number of couples living together without being married doubled again. In fact, the single-parent household, once unusual, has replaced the "traditional" family as the typical family in the States. If we can judge from history, however, this will probably change again in the twenty-first century.
The Changes of the American Family
| Main comparisons |
Contexts |
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| Different___ |
There were two __ |
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| Nowadays __ |
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| Changes in different ___ |
In the 1900s and 1940s |
Many of the women had to work outside due to the __ |
| In the 1950s |
Divorce rate slided and there were more children . The families tended to be ___ |
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| In the years between 1960s and 1990s |
Different types of familes__ |
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| A trend worth noting |
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| Author’s opinion on changes |
Judging from what has happened in the past,it is ____ |
Garlic (大蒜) is one of the most common spices of the kitchen, and the good news is that growing garlic indoors is simple. Garlic can be easily grown at home from individual cloves (瓣), which is the most commonly used form of cultivating garlic than growing garlic from seeds. Here are some useful tips on growing garlic indoors.
Autumn is the best time to plant garlic. Garlic requires enough time to develop strong roots. In warmer climate, it can be delayed to late winter or early spring.
Ensure the container used to grow garlic is large enough for the roots to have enough space to grow. The larger the size of the container, the healthier and bigger the garlic bulbs (鳞茎) will be. The container should also have holes at the bottom so that the water can drain (流走) out easily.
Sow each clove vertically into the soil at a depth of one inch. Ensure that the blunt end (平端) is facing downward. In case of container gardening, the number of cloves to be sowed in each container depends on the size of the container. In case you are planning to sow more than one clove in each container, make sure that each clove is at least 5 inches apart from others.
For the best growth of the garlic plant, choose a sunny spot where there is enough air circulation (流通). This will aid evaporation (蒸发) of too much amount of water and prevent the soil from becoming too damp in case too much watering does occur. Window sill (窗台) is a good place to put your container of garlic plant.
Once the clove has been sowed, cover the soil with a layer of mulch (覆盖物) to protect the roots from extreme cold. Provide fertilizer at the correct time in right amounts, and proper watering. Once the garlic tips start appearing in the spring season, pull back the layer of mulch. Feed the plants once or twice every month with fertilizer.
| Items |
|
| Time |
● It’s best to plant garlic in ● In warmer climate, it’s also suitable to plant garlic in late winter or early spring. |
| Container |
● Be large enough to ● Have holes at the bottom to |
| Sowing |
● Sow each clove vertically into the soil one inch ● Ensure that the blunt end is facing ●Ensure that each clove is at least 5 inches apart from others in a container. |
| Place |
●Choose a sunny spot like window sill having enough |
| Care |
●Cover the soil with a layer of mulch to ● Provide right amounts of fertilizer at the correct time. ● Water the clove ● ● Use fertilizer to feed the plants once or twice a month. |
认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡相应题号的横线上。
Gratitude means thankfulness, noticing simple pleasures, and acknowledging everything that you receive. It shifts your focus from what your life lacks to the abundance that is already present. Psychological research has shown the surprising life improvements gained from the practice of gratitude.
Two psychologists, Michael McCollough and Robert Emmons, conducted an experience on gratitude and its effect on well being. The results of the study indicated that daily gratitude exercises resulted in higher reported levels of enthusiasm, determination, optimism, and energy. In addition, those who practiced gratitude experienced less depression and stress, were more likely to help others, worked out problems more regularly, and made greater progress toward achieving personal goals.
Therefore, it's important to practice gratitude. Here are a few reminders.
A common method is to get yourself a cute little notebook and write down 3 - 5 things that you're grateful for at the end of each day. They can be small things, or bigger things.
You can also send a handwritten letter or make a phone call to a person for whom you are thankful, expressing the gratitude. It will surely brighten their day, and in turn, yours.
Besides, for some, it may be a good idea to express their gratitude in person. It doesn't need to be formal. Just a simple gesture of thanks is only needed to feel the benefits of this kind of gratitude.
Finally, there are certain times you can devote to gratitude. For example, at the beginning of your meals, or at bedtime, or when your parents get home from work. Committing to a specific time establishes a practice of gratitude.
Once you become accustomed to looking for things to be grateful for, you will find that you begin to appreciate simple pleasures, which can make a day and even change a life.
| Title |
Gratitude |
| Introduction |
Gratitude means being grateful and can help people |
of gratitude exercises |
■Feeling more ■Becoming less depressed and stressed, but more willing to be ■Working out problems more regularly. ■Achieving your |
to practise gratitude |
■Putting down whatever you feel grateful for every day. ■Writing to or calling whoever you want to ■Giving thanks personally in a ■Devoting a proper |
| Conclusion |
■ |
阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1)汉语提示，2)首字母提示，3)语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词。所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。
We moved away from my grandmother when 1 was eight years old． her terribly．Two years later my mother and father___
___(离婚)．I felt as if my world was falling apart．So Mother took my little brother and me back to visit my Granny once in a w
.
Granny didn’t live in a fancy house have expensive things．But it was the little things she gave me that had always mattered．1 will always remember she saved her pennies in a glass jar .I am sure Granny could have used those pennies h
but she saved them to give us when we came to visit．I don’t remember how much we collected on our visits．
Those (记忆)，of when 1 was a child，still give me w
feelings on days that I need them．A Granny’s love stays
a grandchild，down through the years，even when that child becomes a grandma．I often wonder，after all those years，when I am lucky
to find a penny
on the ground somewhere, if it could possibly be Granny giving me pennies from heaven．
Food makes us feel good, but some people eat when they aren’t really hungry and eat to simply feel good. This kind of eating habit is called emotional eating, which does not affect adults but also young children. It isn’t a good thing. 
A child’s eating habits can develop right from childhood. As we know, a baby cries out if he doesn’t get milk at the usual time of the day. However, sometimes parents immediately stick a bottle in a child’s mouth without trying to find out if the child is really hungry. In fact, children may cry for other reasons. Even as children grow up and start going to school, parents sometimes give them a chocolate bar if they become really unhappy. As the children further grow up, they may become used to having a snack whenever they’re upset or low.
Therefore, they’d like to eat an emotional snack when they have the feeling of unhappiness and boredom. Even when they don’t get high grades, aren’t popular at school or made fun of by others, they will want something to eat. After having the snack, they feel a lot better.
Emotional eating in young children is a thing that needs to be taken seriously. To protect your children from emotional eating, you should satisfy your child’s emotional needs in the best possible way. This includes spending time with your child every day, taking an interest in his school work, helping your child study, providing a health environment without tension at home, etc. Don’t make the child lose face by scolding him. Develop confidence in your child. Make your child eat enough once in a while. Reward him for his achievements.
All this will help your little one develop a healthy eating habit. And always remember love and care is the key to help you child out of trouble and grow up happily.
Title: in Young Children
| |
Eating for feeling good instead of for |
| Causes |
forming the habit when feeling feeling being made fun of by others |
| |
staying with your child for some time every day being providing a healthy environment without tension at home avoiding making your child giving your child enough to eat once in a while giving your child reward for what he has achieved |
| Conclusion |
Love and care helps children out of trouble. |
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