Friendship can deeply affect the physical and mental health of both men and women. Studies show that people who have no friends or who are lonely，are more likely to die earlier，get sick more often and suffer greater physical wear and tear（折磨）than those who have a support system of friends.
Sometimes，family members may be more likely to give you advice or tell you what you don’t want to hear. It may not be as good as a friend who will listen to you and guide you，but support your decisions anyway. The most important elements about friendship are those who suffer support and do not judge your decisions based on society.
One reason for the link between social support and good health practice seems to be that people who feel cared for by others are less stress-out and are protected against the symptoms（症状）of depression and loneliness.
Generally，women benefit most because of how they deal with stress. Women are more social in how they deal with stress than men, while men are more likely to have a“fight or flight”reaction.
Women also tend to have larger，denser social network，in which more people know each other and help each other, while men typically have smaller groups of friends and will rely on their wives or other important people for more support. While all these affect people psychologically（心理上），friendship brings comfort that reduces the ill effects of stress, and the sex difference also contributes to the difference in the length of one’s life time.
63．In the author’s opinion，a real friend should _____.
A．tell you what to do even if you refuse to hear it
B．try to persuade you to change your mind quickly
C．judge your decision according to his／her experience
D．give you advice but respect your own decision
64．Women benefit more from friendship than men because_____.
A．women are always cared for by more people than men
B．women are usually less stress—out when staying with others
C．women are more likely to solve problems with friends’ help
D．women can always keep more long-life friendship than men
65．According to the passage we can infer that _____.
A．it’s good for women to tell men what they should do or not
B．friends are always more important than family members
C．men don’t want to share their problems with many people
D．the trend that women can live longer makes them more relaxed
66．This passage mainly talks about _____.
A．why people should develop friendship
B．when friendship affects people’s health
C．people’s different attitudes towards friendship
D．the friendship which can make people live longer
Inland waters may be grouped into two general classes: standing waters and flowing waters. As is often the case, the boundary between these two classes is not sharp and clear. A pond is an example of standing water. But most ponds are fed by springs or brooks and most have an outlet. Thus some current of changing water flows through them. On the other hand, a river is an example of flowing water. In some places, however, a river may have such a slow current that it is very difficult to detect.
Standing inland waters differ in size, in age, and in many abiotic environmental characteristics. They range in size from roadside puddles to the Caspian Sea. Puddles may last for only a few days or weeks; ponds, for a few hundred to a thousand years. In general, lakes are older, though the waters of some tropical “lakes” disappear completely during each dry season. Standing waters vary from very shallow to very deep, from clear to muddy, from fresh to salty.
In flowing waters we roughly distinguish between brooks, creeks, and rivers. The size and age of flowing waters are unimportant. Speed of flow, clearness, oxygen content, and other chemical characteristics are used by scientists in studying flowing-water ecosystems.According to the passage, which of the following characteristics of flowing waters is unimportant?
| A．Clarity. | B．Size. | C．Speed of flow. | D．Oxygen content. |
The word “abiotic” in paragraph 2 can best be replaced by ______.
| A．nonliving | B．living | C．coastal | D．inland |
Which of the following statements is true?
| A．Usually the water in a river flows into a pond. |
| B．Scientists only study flowing-water ecosystems. |
| C．Usually ponds last much longer than puddles. |
| D．The Caspian Sea is considered as an example of flowing water. |
From this passage we may know that the distinction between standing waters and flowing waters ______.
| A．depends on how people name the waters |
| B．is clear |
| C．depends on the seasons |
| D．is hard to make |
This passage mainly tells us that ______.
| A．there are two major classes of inland waters |
| B．lakes and rivers are flowing waters |
| C．age and size of flowing waters are important |
| D．ponds and brooks are standing waters |
During the 1800s, African Americans worked long days in the fields of the American South．To ease their labor, they sang "field hollers" that they had brought from Africa．One person sang a line．Then a group of workers repeated it．The songs' words told of the hardships that people suffered．African Americans sang "shout spirituals", or joyous religious songs．They clapped their hands and stomped their feet to the music．
After the Civil War, the music changed dramatically．African American music, from ballads to church music, took new forms．It also adapted dance music, called "jump-ups"．which had great rhythm． Banjos became popular．A blues singer usually played a call and response with the banjo．By the early 1900s, the guitar had replaced the banjo as the main blues instrument．
Northern Mississippi - called the Delta - was the center of the blues tradition．By the 1920s, the Delta had many clubs, so-called juke joints．African Americans listened and danced to music in these clubs．Some of the greatest blues men and women performed there．
Blues have a soulful sound that is easy to recognize．The musical notes are often "bent"．That is, they are changed slightly to give a song more strength．Whatever their origin, these bent notes most often define the blues．
Lyrics are the words of a song．Blues lyrics describe everyday life．The lyrics, often about relationships between men and women, are often very intense and personal．They tell about sorrow and overwork．They tell about finding or losing love, having money or being broke, being happy or sad and lonely．The lyrics may use humor to describe life's trials and joys．They almost always use the rhythms of everyday speech．A typical blues stanza, or group of lyrics, has three lines．The second line repeats the first line．The third line has different words．
By the 1940s, large numbers of African Americans had left the Delta and moved north to work． Many settled in Chicago．There, a new kind of "electric", or "Chicago" blues began．Many of its themes were the same, but these blues had "wailing" electric guitars and harmonicas．The music had a steady, strong drumbeat．The loud, driving Chicago blues was excellent dance music．Chicago blues led to the birth of a new music style-rock and roll．The "field holler" is a kind of music that came from ___．
| A．the American South． | B．Africa． |
| C．Chicago． | D．Asia． |
"Shout spirituals" and "field hollers" are similar in that both_____．
| A．used banjos． | B．were sung in church． |
| C．included call and response singing． | D．expressed sadness． |
A typical blues Stanza is made up of____．
| A．three lines． | B．a harmonica． |
| C．a driving beat． | D．four lines． |
One can conclude from the passage that the blues ___．
| A．would have widespread without the juke joints of the Mississippi． |
| B．served as a form of communication and self-expression． |
| C．was successful only in the American South． |
| D．there were only greatest blues man performed in these clubs． |
African Americans probably moved to Chicago because ____．
| A．the South was too hot in summer． |
| B．they liked the Chicago blues． |
| C．there were more jobs there． |
| D．they wanted to create a new music style． |
Cloud seeding is a method of artificially causing clouds to produce precipitation （降水） in the form of rain or snow．Cloud seeding has also been used in attempts to modify the severity of hail storms and hurricanes．The effectiveness of cloud seeding remains controversial （有争议的）．but it continues to be used in some regions to try to increase rainfall for agriculture and to build snow packs for water supplies and power production．
Cloud seeding was developed by American scientists Irving Langmuir and Vincent Joseph Schaefer during and after World War II．Their work began as an effort to learn more about the buildup of ice on airplane wings, and eventually led them to attempt to create rainfall by releasing several pounds of crushed frozen carbon dioxide into a cloud from an airplane．In this form, the carbon dioxide is called dry ice．On November 13, 1946, the technique appeared to produce snow directly under the cloud; the snow then turned to rain as it fell to the ground．
For their experiment, Langmuir and Schaefer selected a supercooled cloud, one in which the water droplets remain liquid in subfreezing temperatures．Their theory was that small grains of dry ice falling through the cloud would cause tiny droplets of water vapor in the cloud to freeze into crystals that attracted more water vapor．Their theory proved to be correct and eventually the crystals became heavy enough to fall from the cloud as snow．As the snow reached the warmer temperatures closer to the ground, it melted and became rain．
Another scientist, Bernard Vonnegut, produced a method of cloud seeding using silver iodide （碘化银）．He used particles of silver iodide because its crystal structure resembled that of ice in clouds．Silver
iodide also had practical advantages over frozen carbon dioxide It could be stored at room temperature
and did not require an airplane as a delivery mechanism．Instead, silver iodide crystals could be fired by
cannons （大炮） high into the air, where wind carried them into the clouds．According to the text, Langmuir and Schaefer had intended to deal with__
A．how to freeze carbon dioxide
B．how to remove ice on plane wings
C．how to make weather forecast for the war
D how to hide planes in clouds at warWhat is the CORRECT order of the course for cloud seeding with dry ice?
a．snow becoming rain in wanner temperatures b．crystals attracting more water vapor
c．crystals falling in the form of snow d．crystals becoming very heavy
e．freezing tiny droplets of water vapor into crystals
f．putting small grains of dry ice in the cloud
| A．a-c-f-d-b-e | B．b-f-e-a-c-d |
| C．f-e-b-d-c-a | D．e-a-d-c-b-f |
Bernard chose silver iodide as a method of cloud seeding because___．
| A．it is much cheaper than dry ice | B．it can be stored at any rooms |
| C．it can be sent into clouds by wind | D．it is similar |
The best title for the passage may be "____"．
| A．Cloud Seeding |
| B．Artificial Raining |
| C．Weather Changing |
| D．Cloud Gathering |
How many methods of cloud seeding are mentioned in the passage?
| A．three | B．two | C．one | D．four |
A study suggests that although most students at UK universities are happy with their courses, dissatisfaction has grown as fees rise．The study highlights a big variation in teaching time, and lists different ideas about the value of getting university degrees．
Katharine Collins, a second-year college student
The course has been very interesting, but I was expecting a little more one-to-one time with my teacher．
We do about four assignments （作业） each term, each of which is about 3,000 words．However, sometimes they are not that helpful．We hope to be given the right to write feedback （反馈） after every assignment, but we had no feedback at all throughout the first year．We are given grades about three weeks after we hand the assignments in．There is no feedback on where we have gone wrong or how we might improve．
Lee Millington, a creative-writing student
I choose the courses because of its reputation．There is a lack of one-to-one teaching．I would like personalized feedback from an expert in my field of writing．Some of the lectures have been quite helpful but they try to use too many different styles of writing．For example, if you want to be a poet, you might find that the lectures focus too much on novels．
I think there is too much attention paid to sharing our work in workshops and giving each other feedback．I think there should be more time given to actual teaching, rather than to feedback from people who are at a similar level to me．
Reporters from Hounsdown Secondary School, Ella, 16
When I work independently, I feel I have more freedom to develop my ideas and come up with more original viewpoints．The price of university will still be worth it to get the qualifications （资格证书）necessary for better jobs．
Tyier, 16
Although the cost of university is very high now, I think university is required for gaining a good and well-paid job．
AgenciesWe can learn from the beginning of the article that .
| A．Most of the university students at UK are dissatisfied with their courses. |
| B．The higher and higher pay for their courses accounts for the rise of the UK students’ dissatisfaction. |
| C．All the students at UK universities hold a similar attitude towards the value of getting university degrees. |
| D．The student’s purpose is to highlight the importance of gaining a university diploma. |
According to Katharine Collins in Paragraph 2, we can infer that .
| A．She is content with the assignments given in each term. |
| B．She has never been given one-to-one time with her teacher before. |
| C．She didn’t think highly of the value of the assignments at the university. |
| D．She benefits from the assignments a lot because they are helpful. |
Why does Lee Millington choose the course-- writing?
| A．Because he wants to be a great writer in the future. |
| B．Because he is interested in it from his heart. |
| C．Because he hope to make a better living before long． |
| D．Because the course has a high reputation in society． |
Who will most tend to be a professional novelist among the students mentioned in the passage?
| A．Ella． | B．Tyler． | C．Lee． | D．Katharine． |
What does the author mainly tell us at UK in this passage?
| A．The value for university degrees． |
| B．The higher pay for courses at university． |
| C．The terrible assignments at university． |
| D．The puzzle of the students at university． |
While going to the office, I found an old man lying by the side of the bus stop．He seemed very sick and poor．Instinctively．I gave him some money．After a few minutes, I realized that he was probably too sick to get up and buy something with that money．I was thinking about how to help him when my bus arrived, halting my brainstorm．I quickly got on and rode off．
However, that night I couldn't sleep．I felt very angry at my own heartless and selfish behavior．How could I just walk away from that man without a thought for his suffering? I felt restless and very upset． The next morning, while waiting at the bus stop, I hoped to run into him again．But he wasn't there．I thought he may have gone to the sidewalk to sleep for the night．I looked around for him, but he had disappeared．Disappointed, I decided to check for him again on my way back．
While returning from work that day, I came back to the bus stop and resumed my search for him． Thankfully, he was there．I quickly went to a nearby store and got him a blanket, some bread, and biscuits． When I handed them to him, he seemed very grateful．"Now I will be safe from the cold," he smiled． I also gave him some more money and told him to keep it safely．After being able to help him, I felt very at peace．What does the underlined word "Instinctively" in Paragraph 1 mean?
| A．Immediately． | B．Constantly． |
| C．Naturally． | D．Generally． |
Why did the author feel restless and upset that night?
| A．He was regretful that didn't give the old man any money． |
| B．He was exhausted while he was working at his office． |
| C．He felt guilty in his mind for not helping the old man out |
| D．He suffered being restless and upset at night for a long period． |
According to the story, which of the statements below is NOT true?
| A．The author left the old man in a hurry as he didn't want to be late for work． |
| B．The next morning the author did meet the old man and give him a warm hand． |
| C．The old man was pleased with the author's offer because he wouldn't be exposed to the cold at night |
| D．The author eventually achieved his resolution to help the old man out． |
What can we possibly conclude from the moving story?
| A．The fragrance always stays in the hand that gives the rose． |
| B．If at first you don't succeed, try, try again． |
| C．God helps those who help themselves． |
| D．Don’t put off until tomorrow what you can do today． |
What would be the best title for the passage?
| A．Giving money to strangers is rather happy． |
| B．How can you help a stranger? |
| C．Don't be sony failing in helping others． |
| D．A moving story happening at a bus stop． |
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