第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The story is about a 92-year-old lady. She is fully dressed each morning by eight, with her hair fashionably done and makeup perfectly applied. She is moving to a nursing home today. Her husband recently passed away, making the move necessary.
After waiting for many hours patiently in the lobby（大厅） of the nursing home, she smiled sweetly when told her room was ready. As she maneuvered（操作） her walker to the elevator, I provided a description of her tiny room. “I love it,” she stated with childlike enjoyment.
“Mrs. Jones, you haven’t seen the room yet. Just wait,” I said.
“That doesn’t have anything to do with it,” she replied. “Happiness is something you decide on ahead of time. Whether I like my room or not doesn’t depend on how the furniture is arranged. It depends on how I arrange my mind, I have already decided to love it before I see it. It’s a kind of decision I make every morning when I wake up.”
“I have a choice： I can spend the day in bed counting the difficulties I have with the parts of my body that no longer work, or get out of bed and be thankful for the ones that do. Each day is a gift, and as long as my eyes open I’ll focus on the new day and all the happy memories I’ve shored away.”
“Life is like a bank account from which you withdraw（提取） what you’ve put in. so, my advice to you would be to deposit（存） a lot of happiness in the bank account of memories. Thank you for your part in filling my memory bank. I am still depositing.”
56. Mrs. Jones has to move to a nursing home probably because _______.
A. she needs others to do her hair B. she wants to visit a friend there
C. she is not willing to become homeless D. she has no family to take care of her
57. What makes Mrs. Jones satisfied with her new room?
A. Her own decision. B. The size of the room
C. The author’s description D. The arrangement of the furniture
58. According to the passage, the old lady _______.
A. has a positive attitude towards life B. has a lot of money in her bank account
C. is very lonely and in fact not happy at all D. is self-centered and never takes others’ advice
59. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. How to Live Economically. B. Life Like a Bank Account
C. Always Smile to Others. D. New Life in the Nursing Home
Everywhere I look outside my home I see people busy on their high-tech devices, while driving, walking, shopping, even sitting in toilets. When connected electronically, they are away from physical reality.
People have been influenced to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people to describe their relationship to iPad and similar devices. One study found that people had a harder time resisting the allure of social media than they did for sleep, cigarettes and alcohol.
The main goal of technology companies is to get people to spend more money and time on their products, not to actually improve our quality of life. They have successfully created a cultural disease. Consumers willingly give up their freedom, money and time to catch up on the latest information, to keep pace with their peers or to appear modern.
I see people trapped in a pathological（病态的）relationship with time-sucking technology, where they serve technology more than technology serves them. I call this technology servitude. I am referring to a loss of personal freedom and independence because of uncontrolled consumption of many kinds of devices that eat up time and money.
What is a healthy use of technology devices? That is the vital question. Who is really in charge of my life? That is what people need to ask themselves if we are to have any chance of breaking up false beliefs about their use of technology. When we can live happily without using so much technology for a day or a week, then we can regain control and personal freedom, become the master of technology and discover what there is to enjoy in life free of technology. Mae West is famous for proclaiming the wisdom that “too much of a good thing is wonderful.” But it’s time to discover that it does not work for technology.
Richard Fernandez, an executive coach at Google acknowledged that “we can be swept away by our technologies.” To break the grand digital connection people must consider how life long ago could be fantastic without today’s overused technology.The underlined word “allure” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.
| A．attraction | B．advantage |
| C．adaption | D．attempt |
From the passage, technology companies aim to ______.
| A．attract people to buy their products |
| B．provide the latest information |
| C．improve people’s quality of life |
| D．deal with cultural diseases |
It can be inferred from this passage that people ______.
| A．consider too much technology wonderful |
| B．have realized the harm of high-tech devices |
| C．can regain freedom without high-tech devices |
| D．may enjoy life better without overused technology |
What’s the author’s attitude towards the overusing of high-tech devices?
| A．Neutral | B．Skeptical |
| C．Disapproving | D．Sympathetic |
Does everyone want a challenging job? In spite of all the attention focused by the media, academicians, and social scientists on human potential and the needs of individuals, there is no evidence to support that the vast majority of workers want challenging jobs. Some individuals prefer highly complex and challenging jobs; others develop in simple, routine work.
The individual-difference variable（变量）that seems to gain the greatest support for explaining who prefers a challenging job and who doesn’t is the strength of an individual’s needs for personal growth and self-direction at work. Individuals with these higher-order growth needs are more responsive for challenging work. What percentage of ordinary workers actually desire higher-order need satisfactions and will respond positively to challenging jobs? No current data is available, but a study from the 1970s estimated the figure at about 15%. Even after adjusting for changing work attitudes and the growth in white-collar jobs, it seems unlikely that the number today exceeds 40%.
The strongest voice advocating challenging jobs has not been workers—it’s been professors, social science researchers, and media people. Professors, researchers, and journalists undoubtedly made their career choices, to some degree, because they wanted jobs that gave them autonomy, recognition and challenge. That, of course, is their choice. But for them, to force their needs onto the workforce in general is presumptuous (冒失的).
Not every employee is looking for a challenging job. Many workers meet their higher-order need off the job. There are 168 hours in every individual’s week. Work rarely consumes more than 30% of this time. That leaves considerable opportunities, even for individuals with strong growth needs, to find higher-order need satisfaction outside the workplace. So don’t feel you have a responsibility to create challenging jobs for all your employees. For many people, work is something that will never excite or challenge them. And they don’t expect to find their growth opportunities at work. Work is merely something they have to do to pay their bills. They can find challenges outside of work on the golf course, fishing, at their local pub, with their friends in social clubs, with their family, and the like.What makes people choose challenging jobs?
| A．Positive responses. | B．Work attitudes. |
| C．Higher-order growth needs. | D．Personal self-direction. |
Who is the least likely to prefer a challenging job?
| A．College professors. | B．Construction workers. |
| C．Social researchers. | D．Media journalists. |
The passage is intended for _______.
| A．job-hunters | B．researchers |
| C．employers | D．graduates |
Which is the best title for the passage?
| A．Not Everyone Wants a Challenging Job |
| B．Complex Jobs Offer Growth Opportunities |
| C．Employers Should Create Challenging Jobs |
| D．Challenging Jobs Give a Sense of Recognition |
Whether we should allow marine (海洋的) parks to stay open has been widely debated in our community recently. A variety of different arguments have been put forward about it.
Smith, a sociologist, argued that dolphin parks provide the only opportunity for much of the public to see marine mammals. As this argument goes, most Australians live in cities and never get to see these animals. Marine parks allow the average Australian to appreciate our marine wildlife. However, in fact, there are many places where they can be seen in the wild. Moreover, these places do not charge an overpriced entry fee — they are free.
Dr. Alison Lane, the director of the Cairns Marine Science Institute, insists that we need marine parks for scientific research. She argues that much of our knowledge of marine mammals comes from studies which were undertaken at marine parks. The knowledge which is obtained at marine parks can be useful for planning for the preservation of marine mammal species. However, Jones, a zoologist, explains that park research is only useful for understanding captive animals and is not useful for learning about animals in the wild. Their diets are different, they have significantly lower life lengths and they are more likely to have a disease. In addition, marine mammals in dolphin parks are trained and this means that their patterns of social behavior are changed.
The Marine Park Owners Association holds that marine parks attract a lot of foreign tourists. This position goes on to state that these tourists spend a lot of money, increasing our foreign exchange earnings and assisting our national balance of payments. However, foreign tourists would still come to Australia if the parks were closed down. Indeed, surveys of overseas tourists show that they come here for a variety of other reasons and not to visit places like Seaworld. Tourists come here to see our native wildlife in its natural environment and not to see it in cages and concrete pools. They can see animals in those conditions in their own countries.
In a word, perhaps an agreement cannot be reached now. However, a question does deserve our consideration: If we continue with our past crimes against these creatures, how will our future generations view us?Who support(s) the idea of closing marine parks?
| A．Most Australians. | B．Jones. |
| C．Smith. | D．Alison Lane. |
Which is NOT the reason to keep marine parks?
| A．For entertainment purpose. |
| B．For scientific research purpose. |
| C．For economic purpose. |
| D．For political purpose. |
The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by________.
| A．pointing out the problems with keeping the marine parks |
| B．using evidence he has collected at the marine parks |
| C．discussing the advantages of animals' natural homes |
| D．questioning the way the animals are studied |
| For: Doug Smith, Director of wolf recovery, Yellowstone National Park In the world today there is so much we are losing; more and more species disappear from the earth every year. The time has come to put something back，to restore to treat some of the old wounds enforced on nature over the years. Wolves are animals killing and eating other animals in North America. They play an important role in keeping the continent healthy. Most places don’t have enough wild country to make their restoration possible, which means it’s even more important to restore wolves where conditions are right, places like Yellowstone, which has both a high level of wildness, as well as abundant creatures that wolves hunt and eat for living. Some who oppose wolf restoration have a human centered point of view that the earth is here for humans, we can use it whenever we want and for whatever purpose. But wolves offer us a chance to live another way—a way to learn to live with other life forms. |
|
Against: Larry Bouret, Vice President, Wyoming Farm Bureau What does wolf introduction to Yellowstone mean? To the average citizen it probably just means introducing wolves to Yellowstone. There would be no unfavorable effects because few people live near Yellowstone. But to farmers it means introducing wolves, which wander over vast areas—in and out of the park—onto their farms. Wolves eat meat—as in the cattle, sheep that keep farmers in business. Introduction apparently also means lawsuits by environmental groups attempting to remove livestock from federal lands. To farmers, who own private lands in the same area, it means the possibility of financial ruin. To farmers it is a form of land use restrictions. To farmers introducing wolves means taking away the farmers’ livelihoods without just compensation. Why do people not want a nuclear power plant built in their backyard? For the same reason farmers do not want wolves introduced into their backyard. |
What are the two passages mainly about?
| A．Whether to remove livestock away from federal lands. |
| B．Whether to introduce wolves to Yellowstone. |
| C．How to increase the number of wolves. |
| D．How to keep the balance of nature. |
According to the passage Doug Smith is _______.
| A．a national park administrator. |
| B．a wildlife conservationist. |
| C．an enthusiastic hunter. |
| D．a private land owner. |
What are the farmers concerned about?
| A．Being controlled by wolves. |
| B．Having to sell their farmland. |
| C．Suffering heavy financial loss. |
| D．Being forced to leave their homes. |
Why does Larry Bouret mention “nuclear power plant”?
| A．To summarize his opinion. |
| B．To make his view persuasive. |
| C．To tell the danger of nuclear power plant. |
| D．To introduce the background of wolf recovery. |
| Use For Use for mechanically generated dusts, mists from processing minerals including coal, iron ore, silica, cotton, flour and certain other substances in concentrations up to ten times the Occupational Exposure Standard or according to local regulations. Do Not Use For Do not use for paint spraying and sandblasting applications or for protecting against gases and vapors. Do not use in atmospheres containing less than 19.5% oxygen, as this respirator does not supply oxygen. Not for use in oil mist atmosphere. Use Limitations 1. The wearer must first be trained in the proper use and fit tested before using this respirator. 2. Do not use this respirator when concentrations of contaminants are immediately dangerous to life or health. 3. Leave the contaminated area immediately if breathing becomes difficult, or dizziness or other distress occurs. 4. Discard and replace respirator if it becomes damaged or breathing resistance becomes excessive. 5. Inspect respirator before each use to ensure it is in good working condition. 6. Do not alter, wash, abuse or misuse this respirator. 7. Do not use with beards or other facial hair or other conditions that prevent a good seal between the face and the sealing edge of the respirator. 8. Can be used up to the limits specified by applicable government regulations for this product. 9. Failure to follow all instructions and warnings on the use of this respirator and/or failure to wear this respirator during all times of exposure can reduce respirator effectiveness and may result in illness or permanent disability 10. Maximum operating temperature: +50°C. Caution Care should be taken when using the product at low temperatures as excessive moisture may cause alves(呼吸阀) to freeze. Storage Conditions and Shelf Life Shelf life of unopened product is 5 years from date of manufacture when stored within temperature range of -20°C to +30°C and at less than 80% relative humidity. Warning This respirator helps protect against certain particles. Misuse can result in sickness or death. For proper use, see supervisor or user instructions in the box or contact 3M Co. Ltd. |
The passage mainly tells us _________.
| A．what this product is |
| B．why should we buy this product |
| C．how to protect us against dusts and mists |
| D．how to use and store the product properly |
What is the meaning of the underlined word “respirator” in Paragraph 2?
| A．Glasses. |
| B．Face mask. |
| C．Protective gloves. |
| D．Protective clothing. |
In which condition can this product be stored?
| A．Temperature: 50°C; Humidity: 40% |
| B．Temperature: 50°C; Humidity: 80% |
| C．Temperature: 25°C; Humidity: 40% |
| D．Temperature: 25°C; Humidity: 80% |
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