Business people must keep records of the money they take in and the money they spend. The work of keeping such records is called book keeping. The work of deciding how the records should be set up is called accounting. An accountant also finds out, from the records, whether or not a business is doing well. Suppose a man owns a small clothing store. He keeps records that show that he spent money for newspaper advertising, and for suit, coats, shoes, and neckties to sell to his customers. He had to pay a young man to help him in the store. He also paid rent and had other expenses.
At the end of the year. He must take an inventory. That is, he counts how many pieces of clothing he has on hand. Then he must find out exactly how many he sold, how much money he spent in running the business. If he took in more than he spent, he made a profit(利润) for the year. If he spent more than he took in he suffered a loss.
The owner of a small clothing store can keep accounting records without much trouble. But a giant(庞大的) oil company or a big bank has many difficult accounting problems. The company must know how much money is to be paid by its debtors (债务人) and how much it owns other companies for supplies. It must know how much the company’s buildings and machines are worth, and how much the company has lost in depreciation(折旧), or wear and tear, of its equipment. All of this information must be kept in the company’s accounts. Big companies employ many accountants.
44. In which following way does the passage develop?
A. It develops by time B. It develops by space
C. It develops by order D. It develops by examples
45. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. Good Records
B. How to Make Profit
C. How to Run a Clothes Store And a Company
D. Accounting And Bookkeeping
46. How many examples does the writer use in the passage?
A. three B. two C. four D. five
47. According to the passage,_________.
A. bookkeeping seems more difficult from accounting.
B. bookkeeping seems as difficult as accounting.
C. bookkeeping seems less difficult than accounting.
D. bookkeeping seems no more difficult than accounting.
When you are little, it’s not hard to believe you can change the world. I remember my enthusiasm when, at the age of 12, I addressed（向……演讲） the people at the Rio Earth Summit. “ I 
am only a child,” I told them.” Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this world would be. At school you teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share, not to be greedy. Then why do you go out and do the things you tell us not to do. You grown-ups say you love us, but I challenge you, please, to make your actions reflect your words.”
I spoke for six minutes and received a standing ovation. Some of the people even cried. I thought that maybe I had reached some of them, that my speech might actually spur（刺激）action. Now, ten years from Rio, after I’ve sat through many more conferences, I’m not sure what has been achieved. My confidence in the people in power and in the power of an individual’s voice to reach them has been deeply shaken.
When I was little, the world was simple. But as a young adult, I’m learning that as we have to make choices—educa-tion, career, lifestyle—life gets more and more complicated. We are beginning to feel pressure to produce and be successful. We are taught that economic growth is progress, but we aren’t taught how to seek a happy, healthy way of living. And we are learning that what we wanted for the future when we were 12 was idealistic and naive（天真的）.
Today I’m no longer a child, but I’m worried about what kind of environment my children will grow up in. I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what I think. I am still deciding how to live my life. The challenges are great, but if we accept individual responsibility and make choices, we will rise to the challenges, and we will become part of the positive tide of the change. I hope this goal will be met through our common efforts. Thank you all.The purpose of what the speaker said at the age of 12 was to .
| A．end poverty and make schools beautiful |
| B．find environmental answers and show off |
| C．focus people’s attention on some social problems |
| D．find a wonderful place and clean it up |
What does the underlined word “ovation”in the second paragraph refer to?
| A．A long period of laughing. | B．A cold and unfriendly welcome. |
| C．An expression used for greeting. | |
| D．Great applause or cheering. |
The information in the text is presented mainly through .
| A．question and answer | B．a personal lecture |
| C．cause and effect | D．listing steps in a process |
Which of the following best describes the speaker?
| A．He is an experienced educator. |
| B．He is an impolite man. |
| C．He is a man of great worries. |
| D．He is a man of social responsibility. |
If you’re networking（建立人际关系）and nothing is happening，you might need to evaluate how you’re doing it．Maybe you show up at each event and still feel challenged by the process．You aggressively talk to people，give out your cards，call endlessly to schedule an appointment but have no real success from your efforts．To help you gain a different future，here are eight habits you should avoid.（避免）
Ineffective networkers：
1．Lack patience．They expect immediate results and want business now, not tomorrow．
2．Constantly“selling”something．They see dollar signs every time they shake hands with someone．
3．Too many choices．If they offer a variety of products，they might try too hard to tell about all of them．Offering too much infomation sends a confusing message making it difficult for people to send references．Opportunities are all around us but when you’ re networking j only focus on one．
4．Change positions too often．If they move from company to company or do something totally different，it might be difficult for people to keep up with them．
5. Lack manners and respect．They interrupt others，talk with food in their mouth，aren’t very polite and appear unprofessional．They call people during dinner or on the weekends without thinking whether the occasion is suitable．
6. Focus on themselves. Too much self-promotion can leave the other person to feel unappreciated. Every sentence begins with“I”and is all about their business．
7．“Taking”instead of“giving”．They don’t realize what other people sense when they are being very selfish．Others may think that they are being taken advantage of．
8．Poor communication and interpersonal skills．They have trouble speaking effectively，building relationships and following up．
Networking is a process that is an investment of time and money．If you find you’re doing any of these habits，consider learning how to improve on these and maximize your results while networking．You’ll start to get better at connecting with people and obtain more opportunit
ies．According to the text，some people didn’t succeed in networking because .
| A．they didn’t make efforts | B．they didn’t behave effectively |
| C．they didn’t pay enough money | D．they didn’t spend enough time |
According to the second habit，we shouldn’t when we are networking．
| A．make friends | B．talk about dollars |
| C．shake hands with everyone | D．pay attention to money only |
When talking with others，you should .
| A．give out your cards every now and then |
| B．talk about the quality of your product as much as possible |
| C．1et other people express themselves completely |
| D．interrupt others when they make a mistake |
Which of the follo
wing is not suitable for a salesman’s behavior?
| A．He offers too much self-promotion during the conversation． |
| B．He considers when he can get what he expects carefully． |
| C．He only focuses on one opportunity when networking． |
| D．He keeps his promises and doesn’t expect too much from others． |
The Future of Education
David Kelly, founder of the Design School Stanford, said, “In the classroom of the future, education will be custom-made for each student. Every child will have a laptop programmed for his or her learning style and speed. At the same time, more students will go out into the community to learn from business owners. And you’ll see more retirees in the schools as teachers.”
A New Way to Pay
Turn your cell phone into a “mobile wallet” and speed through the checkout line. With a smart phone that uses the same technology as “tap and go” cards, you’ll be able to access your financial data fast. You can select a credit or debit card（借记卡）from the screen, and then tap the phone on the checkout console（操纵台；控制台）.
High-Tech Guitar
A 26-year-old Australian designer has inve
nted a brand-new way to be a rock star. The Misa Digital Guitar’s fret board looks like a traditional six-string’s but with no strings attached. There’s a touch pad （垫）where the sound hole 
normally is, and instead of plucking strings,（弹弦） you tap, drag, or brush the pad to “play” the instrument electronically.
The Future of Phones
Jason Chen, editor of the website gizmodo.com, makes his prediction. “Data connections will get even faster, and you’ll be linked to your environment by cell phone. Fcr example, wh
en you go on vacation, you can point your phone at a monument（纪念碑） and it will give you information about what you’re looking at.’
Needle-Free Vaccines（无针接种）
Boston University researchers are working on a new method of inoculation（接种）—no injection necessary. A mild electrical charge from a small device, shaped like a gun, is used to drive the particles（粒子） into the body. The new idea beats the old needle method.The passage mentions the following EXPECT .
| A．payment | B．medicine | C．education | D．music instrument |
What can we learn from the text?
| A．Even a man with no music knowledge can be a rock star in the future. |
| B．Students should go out into the community to learn from business owners instead of staying at school to learn from books. |
| C．We can carry no cash while shopping in the future. |
| D．We can feel more pain with the method of inoculation. |
In which column can we read the passage?
| A．Entertainment. | B．Production. |
| C．Technology. | D．Work. |
Americans use many expressions with the word dog．People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well．They take their dogs for walks，let them play outside and give them good food and medical care．However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of 1ife．The expression，to lead a dog’s life，describes a person who has an unhappy existence．
Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world．That means many people are competing for the same things，like good jobs．To be successful，a person has to work like a dog．Such hard work can make people dog-tired，or sick as a dog.
Still，people say every dog has its day．This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life．To be successful, people often have to learn new skills．Yet．some people say that you can never teach all old dog new tricks．They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and wilt not change the way they do things．
Husbands and wives use this doghouse term when they are angry at each other．For example，a woman might get angry at her husband for coming home late or forgetting their wedding anniversary．She might tell him that he is in the doghouse．She may not treat him nicely until he apologizes．However，the husband may decide that it is best to 1eave things alone and not create more problems．He might decide to let sleeping dogs lie．
Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather．The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year．A rainstorm may cool the weather．But we do not want it to rain too hard．We do not want it to rain cats and dogs．The correct statement about the dog in the expression“to 1ead a dog’s life”is .
| A．a lucky dog | B．a homeless dog |
| C．a clever dog | D．a tamed dog |
When people compete against each other and will do any thing to get what they want，we use ,
| A．1ead a dog’s life | B．a dog-tired competition |
| C．a dog-eat-dog world | D．a dirty dog |
Which of the following expressions is similar to“to rain cats and dogs”?
| A．a curtain of rain | B．a sudden rain |
| C．drops of rain | D．a fine rain |
The author writes this passage mainly to .
A．express his supporting at titude about expressions with dog |
| B．show that he is a super dog-lover and he likes these expressions |
| C．describe the bad effect on the relationship between husband and wife |
| D．introduce some expressions with dog used in American daily life |
What is it that makes people laugh? More than two thousand years ago the ancient Greek philosopher (哲学家) Aristotle defined (定义) jokes as the pleasure that results from a feeling of triumph by showing we’re better than someone else in a certain way. According to Aristotle and many other philosophers，all jokes depend mainly on showing inferiority in another person or group of persons — that is，putting it clearly，on showing that they are worse off than ourselves. Jokes raise our good opinion of ourselves at someone else’s expense.
Showing how much better than other people we are is only one reason we like jokes. Someone may also use a joke to express their anger or their cruelty （残酷）or any other kind of action that is not acceptable to us. We feel free to laugh when we hear about someone sliding on a banana skin. The joke lets us express those attitudes which are usually unacceptable to society. This is probably the reason why some of the jokes，especially those involving cruelty，are so popular with certain people.
Besides，all jokes depend on our enjoyment of laughing at something that is strange and out of place because it’s different from things which are happening around it. The same situation can be either sad or pleasant，depending entirely on how strange and out of place it is. If a girl in a bathing suit falls into a swimming pool，we don’t laugh because nothing unusual has happened. But if a man in a smart suit falls in，the situation is at once unusual in a pleasant way and we laugh. A good joke-teller will always try to build up a situation in which one thing is expected until something unexpected suddenly happens，and so we laugh.The underlined word “inferiority” (in Paragraph 1) means ______.
| A．someone that is better than someone else |
| B．something that is better than something else |
| C．someone that is as good as someone else |
| D．something that is not as good as something else |
According to Ari
stotle, all jokes depend mainly on ______.
| A．resulting in a sense of success |
| B．showing inferiority in another person or group |
| C．having a good opinion of other people |
| D．making people laugh unexpectedly |
What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?
| A．To express those attitudes usually unacceptable to society is one of the reasons we like jokes. |
| B．When people are angry, they would like to hear jokes. |
| C．People who like jokes are usually cruel. |
| D．Showing we are better than other people is the only one reason we like jokes. |
What will a good joke-teller always try to do?
| A．Make an unexpected thing happen in an expected situation |
| B．Make different things happen at the same time. |
| C．Make a sad situation into a pleasant one. |
| D．Make people laugh at something unusual and out of place. |
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