Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow blindness. Yet, with dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow blindness, when exposed to several hours of “snow light”.
The United States army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snow blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man’s eyes often find nothing to focus on in a broad space of snow-covered without-grass land. So his gaze continually moves and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding something, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become tired and the eye muscles ache. Nature makes up for this discomfort by producing more and more fluid (液体) which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in
increasing quantity until it makes eyes difficult to see clearly, and the result is total, even though for a short time, snow blindness.
Experiments lead the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts (侦察员) ahead of the troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark-colored objects ahead on which they can focus too. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop searching the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a continuous white land is overcome.
68. To prevent snow blindness caused by the strong light from snow, wearing glasses or not _________.
A. depends on whether the snow is white enough
B. makes no difference
C. makes much difference
D. depends on whether the snow is thick
69. When the eyes are tired, tears flow out __________.
A. to clear the vision B. to make the eyes stop searching
C. to make the vision unclear D. to produce more and more liquid
70. Snow blindness can be prevented by ___________
A. moving one’s gaze back and forth
B. walking ahead and keeping looking around
C. making up for the discomfort of one’s eyes
D. providing the eyes with something to focus on
71. What is the probable meaning of the underlined part “Their gaze is arrested.”?
A. They get something to look at. B. They can only look at one spot.
C. Their eye
s are clear. D. They can’t see freely.
The largest known outbreak of the lethal Ebola（埃博拉）virus in West Africa is prompting authorities as far away as Asia to take preventive measures, although scientists say a global spread of the disease is unlikely.
At South Korea's Incheon International airport, a major hub for air travel in Asia, quarantine inspections of arriving passengers are being enhanced. Authorities say all passengers are being recorded by an infrared camera to detect fevers because Ebola is becoming a big concern.
The incubation period（潜伏期）of the Ebola virus is between two and 21 days, during which time an infected person might not show any signs of infection. In Hong Kong, the Center for Health Protection says public hospitals will begin to report and test all those who developed fever who, within the past 21 days, traveled to the three affected African countries.
Singapore's health ministry is urging the public there "not to be alarmed." It has issued a statement deeming Ebola to pose "a low public health risk to Singapore," in part because "there is low travel connectivity to West Africa where the current outbreak remains limited to."
Some airlines have suspended flights into the affected region. But health authorities say there is little risk of passengers contracting the virus on a flight from an infected person.Dr. Day, a tropical medicine researcher, explains Ebola is only spread through direct contact with blood, saliva and other bodily fluids.
Since March, there have been more than 1,200 confirmed Ebola cases in West Africa. This is believed to be a new strain of the virus and nearly 700 of those infected in this worst-known outbreak have died.There is no known cure for Ebola. It was first recognized in Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo) in 1976. There is no approved vaccine, but at least four are under development.The passage may come from _____.
| A．a school magazine | B．a travel booklet |
| C．a newspaper | D．a textbook |
According to the passage, which of the following about Ebola virus is true?
| A．It has become a global spread. |
| B．people show some signs of infection once infected. |
| C．It is only spread through direct contact with blood, saliva and other bodily fluids. |
| D．There are at least four approved vaccines for it now. |
Why does Singapore's health ministry urge the public not to be alarmed?
| A．Because people in Singapore are healthy enough to resist the virus. |
| B．Because there is low travel connectivity between West Africa and Singapore. |
| C．Because there are some cures for the virus. |
| D．Because Singapore has no connection with countries in West Africa. |
What is the author's purpose of writing the text?
| A．To tell people not to travel any more. |
| B．To introduce the character of the virus |
| C．To find cures for the virus |
| D．To make people aware of the severity of the virus |
The surgeries went well, and not long afterwards, my sister and I were allowed to go in to visit. Dad was in a great deal of pain but, again, all he could talk about was Mom, who donated her kidney to him. Was she okay? How was she feeling? As they were wheeling Mom out of the recovery room, they rolled her into a separate place in Dad’s to visit him. It was like a dream to see both our parents hooked up to IVs and machines and trying to talk to each other through tears. The nurses allowed us to present the diamond ring, which was purchased by Dad before the surgery, to Mom so that Dad could watch her open it. Everybody was crying, even the nurses.
As I stood with digital camera in hand, I tried to keep the presence of mind to document the moment. My dad was having a hard time fighting back emotion, and suddenly my parents reached out to hold each other’s hands. In my nearly 35 years of existence, I’d never seen my parents do that, and I was absorbed in. I snapped a picture and later rushed home to make sure I’d captured that enormous, life-defining moment. That photo of my parents’ hands said everything. After so many years of quarrels, it was apparent to me that they finally understood how much each loved the other actually .
It’s as if the transplant healed our whole family. Dad is far gentler, and he has more patience now. He’s not condescending(高人一等) to my mother anymore. Mom, too, has loosened up, since she’s not dealing with all that anger. There’s a closeness that they didn’t have before, and the experience has deepened their faith.
For Christmas, my sister and I gave them two framed photos linked together by hooks. The top photo is of their clasped hands on their wedding day, August 7, 1965. It says, “For better or worse, for richer or poorer.” The second photo is of that day in the recovery room. Their hands are intertwined and it says, “In sickness and in health, till death do us part.” What’s the true feeling of the author when he saw both his parents in the recovery room?
| A．terrible | B．worried |
| C．incredible | D．moved |
What does the underlined sentence imply in the second paragraph?
| A．The photo of my parents is very important. |
| B．The moment that parents shook hands is valuable. |
| C．The parents love each other indeed. |
| D．Nothing is more important than the photo. |
What can be inferred about the author's family before the transplant?
| A．His father was a bad-tempered man. |
| B．His parents didn't love each other at all. |
| C．His parents had a good relationship. |
| D．His mother was easy to get along with. |
From the story of the author’s parents we can conclude that_____.
| A．Illness is part of daily life. |
| B．Quarrels can’t be avoided between parents. |
| C．The relationship between parents affects children greatly. |
| D．Suffering can better people’s relationship as well. |
You are young and free. It’s sometimes hard to see how the decisions you make in your 20′s affect the rest of your life. The truth is, your 20′s are the foundation for the rest of your life. Here are 4 mistakes 20-somethings should stop making now to ensure a bright future.
Stop wasting time.
You can waste time in many ways, especially before establishing your future. With your entire future ahead of you, it often can seem like there are unlimited amounts of time. It’s not the case. Use your time to do things that matter to you. Spend time on things like traveling, networking, building relationships and climbing the corporate ladder.
Stop wasting money.
Too often, in our 20′s, we want stuff. From expensive designer clothes, to fancy electronics, and many other possessions that take up a huge chunk of our income. Stop wasting money on these things. They are going to be out of date and out of style quicker than you imagine. Take your disposable income and invest in your future to ensure you have great experiences.
Stop staying in bad relationships.
Your first love can be hard to get over. And bad relationships can linger much too long. Stop spending time with people who don’t make you a better person. When you’re in a bad relationship, it will make the rest of your life more difficult. Evaluate your relationships .
Stop__________________
Whether it’s depending on your parents for bills or relying on your co-workers , your 20′s are a time to become more independent. Take help when you need it, but start working towards financial independence.From the passage we know that________.
| A．It’s easy to see how the decisions you make in your 20′s affect the rest of your life. |
| B．Your 20′s are the basis of the rest of your life. |
| C．It often can seem like there are limited amounts of time. |
| D．Evaluate your relationships because they always make your life difficult. |
Time can be used to spend time on the following things except________.
| A．Traveling |
| B．Surfing the Internet |
| C．Building relationships |
| D．Struggling for future |
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “disposable”？
| A．available | B．accessible |
| C．acceptable | D． affordable |
Which of the following can be best suitable for the blank?
| A．depending on your parents |
| B．relying on your co-workers |
| C．relying too much on others |
| D．depending less on others |
It never occurred to Sun Yukun that the decision he made four years ago would have an impact on his career. When the 22-year-old entered college in 2009, he decided not to change his rural residence to a students’ collective one. But when he finished college and was offered a job with a state-owned enterprise in Beijing, Sun was told that he couldn’t accept the offer unless he had an urban hukou (household registration record). This time, he had no choice but to change his residence status.
Transferring hukou to a university became optional in 2003, and many students are confronted with the dilemma of whether to do so or not. Professionals suggest they make the decision based on their current situation and future plans.
‘I regret transferring my hukou’
Wang Jinbi, 20, is an accounting major at Beijing Union University. Coming from Chifeng, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, she transferred her hukou when she enrolled at university.
“I didn’t think it was a big deal,” Wang says. “Since I’m registering under an urban hukou, it doesn’t matter whether it’s in Beijing or Inner Mongolia, I thought.”
What Wang didn’t expect, however, is that she would regret her decision later. “After two years of study, I’ve figured out my future plans. I want to return to my hometown and make a living there,” she says. That means Wang needs to transfer her hukou back again, which she worries will be a troublesome procedure.
“I have a friend who graduated last year. She spent a lot of time and energy transferring her hukou back to her hometown again due to complicated paperworks,” says Wang.
Guidelines for transferring hukou
Wang’s experience is not uncommon. Many students don’t know what their decision means for their future.
In order to help these students, Xie Yongqiang, from the Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Justice, posted a guideline for transferring hukou on a micro blog. According to Xie, students should firstly think about where they’re going to stay. “If you like the city where you’re studying and are considering staying there after graduation, then you should transfer your hukou,” he wrote.
Students should also transfer their hukou if they intend to participate in an exchange program. According to Ju Haojie, deputy director of the household registration department at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, when applying for exchange programs, it saves a lot of trouble if students have a collective hukou registered under the university.
But Xie also made suggestions for students with a rural registration. “If your family has land and a house, it’s possible that you’ll get a share of compensation in the event of a forced relocation. For those students, I would recommend them not to transfer their hukou,” he wrote. This doesn’t affect students in terms of receiving medical insurance and other benefits at university.
‘I want to stay in Beijing’
Sometimes, students abandon their rural hukou for the prospect of a better future. Tang Yanwei is one of them. The 23-year-old from Yantai, Shandong province, had a rural hukou but transferred it after enrolling at Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture.
Although there are a lot of preferential policies for rural residents, for Tang, an urban hukou in Beijing is attractive. “I want to stay in Beijing, so a students’ collective Beijing urban hukou is a promising start,” he says. “I’ll do anything that could help me stay here. After all, there’s no turning back for me now.”How many examples are mentioned in the passage?
| A．Two. | B．Three |
| C．Four. | D．Five. |
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
| A．Sun Yukun thinks the decision he made four years ago would have an effect on his career. |
| B．Wang Jinbi regrets transforming her hukou and she wants to stay at home. |
| C．Xie Yongqiang says if someone likes the city where they’re studying and are considering staying there after graduation, then he should transfer Hukou. |
| D．Tang Yanwei wantsto stay in Beijing, so he transforms his hukou. |
Under which circumstance can we NOT transfer our hukou?
| A．If you want to stay at the city where you are studying. |
| B．If you want to participate in an exchange program. |
| C．If you want a better future. |
| D．If your family has land and a house and will get a share of compensation due to a forced relocation. |
What can we infer from the passage?
| A．Sun Yukun had to change his residence status for he liked Beijing. |
| B．Wang Jinbi wants to transform her hukou back, because she wants to make a living in her hometown. |
| C．Xie Yongqiang says there is no need for students to transform their hukou. |
| D．Tang Yanwei wants an urban hukou in Beijing, for there are plenty of preferential policies. |
What is the best title of the passage?
| A．We Students Should Transform Hukou |
| B．Transform Hukou for a Better Future |
| C．Hukou Brings Tricky Choice |
| D．It’s Troublesome to Transform Hukou |
Fifty years ago, Martin Luther King dreamed of an America that would one day deliver on its promise of equality for all of its citizens, black as well as white. Today, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg has a dream, too: he wants to provide Internet access to the world’s five billion people who do not now have it. But the world currently faces a growing technological divide, with implications for equality, liberty, and the right to pursue happiness.
Around the world, more than two billion people live in the Digital Age. They can access a vast universe of information, communicate at little or no cost with their friends and family, and connect with others with whom they can cooperate in new ways. The other five billion are still stuck in the Paper Age in which my generation grew up.
Internet.org, a global partnership launched by Zuckerberg, plans to bring the two-thirds of the world’s population without Internet access into the Digital Age. The partnership consists of seven major information-technology companies, as well as non-profit organizations and local communities.
A friend working to provide family-planning advice to poor Kenyans recently told me that so many women were coming to the clinic that she could not spend more than five minutes with each. These women have only one source of advice, and one opportunity to get it, but if they had access to the Internet, the information could be there for them whenever they wanted it.
Enlarging our vision still more, it is a hope that putting the world’s poor online would result in connections between them and more affluent people, leading to more assistance. Research shows that people are more likely to donate to a charity helping the hungry if they are given a photo and told the name and age of a girl like those the charity is aiding. If a mere photo and a few identifying details can do that, what might Skyping with the person do?
Providing universal Internet access can also raise new risks and sensitive ethical issues, the distinctiveness of local cultures may be eroded, which has both a good and a bad side, for such cultures can restrict freedom and deny equality of opportunity. On the whole, though, it is reasonable to expect that giving poor people access to knowledge and the possibility of connecting with people anywhere in the world will be socially transforming in a very positive way.What is Zuckerberg’s purpose of providing Internet access to people who do not now have it?
| A．Attracting more users for his social network. |
| B．Making people without Internet enjoy the benefits of it. |
| C．Establishing connections will affluent people and organizations. |
| D．Helping poor people being available to necessary cure. |
Internet.org is made up of .
| A．Zuckerberg, several major information-technology companies and nonprofit organizations |
| B．nonprofit organizations and a person working to provide family-planning advice to poor people |
| C．seven major information-technology companies, nonprofit organization and national communities |
| D．some information-technology companies, nonprofit organization and local communities |
What does the underlined word in para.5 refer to?
| A．Communicating online by using an Internet tool. |
| B．Playing online games. |
| C．Taking pictures using a digital camera. |
| D．Donating through a personal computer. |
What does the author want to express in the last paragraph?
| A．We should use the Internet without any restrict. |
| B．The Internet should be developed in a very positive way. |
| C．We can develop our local culture on the Internet. |
| D．Using the Internet can lead to negative effects. |
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