AThe three main types of secondary education in the United States have been provided by the Latin grammar school, the academy, and the public high school. The first of these was a colonial institution. It began in New England with the establishment in 1635 of the Boston Free Latin School. The curriculum(课程) consisted mainly of the classical languages, and the purpose of this kind of school was the preparation of boys for college, where most of them would be fitted for the ministry.
The academy began in the early 1750’s with Benjamin Franklin’s school in Philadelphia, which later became the University of Pennsylvania. It extended generally to about the middle nineteenth century, except in the southern states where the public high school was late in developing and where the academy continued to be a principal means of secondary education even after 1900.The academy was open to girls as well as to boys, and it provided a wider curriculum than what the Latin grammar school had furnished. It was designed not only as a preparation for college but also for practical life in commercial and business activities. Although its wide educational values are evident and are recognized as important contributions to secondary education in this country, the academy has never been considered a public institution as the public high school has come to be.
The public high school had its origin in Massachusetts in 1821 when the English Classical School was established in Boston. In 1827,the state enacted(制定)the first state wide public high school law in the United States. By 1840,there were perhaps a dozen public high schools in Massachusetts and many in other eastern states by 1850,they could also be found in many other states. Just as the curriculum of the academy grew out of that of the Latin grammar school, the curriculum of the public high school developed out of that of the academy. The public high school in the United States is a repudiation(推翻) of the aristocratic(贵族的)and selective principle of the European educational tradition. Since 1890,enrollments( 入学)in secondary schools, mainly public high schools, have practically doubled in this country every ten years.
56．According to the passage, which of the following sequences indicates the order in which the schools developed?
A．Latin grammar school, public high school, academy.
B．Latin grammar school, academy, public high school.
C．Public high school, Latin grammar school, academy.
D．Public high school, academy, Latin grammar school.
57．It is the opinion of the author that the academy, compared with the public high school, was ____.
A．obviously academically better
B．more discriminatory in student selection
C．coeducational
D．not generally considered as a public institution
58．One can probably infer from his article that “Latin grammar school” refers to ____.
A．the Boston Free Latin School
B．all the elementary schools in the United States
C．schools which taught Latin, exclusive of all other subjects
D．a number of schools which developed in New England
59．It is implied but not stated in the passage that ____.
A．European educational systems are not good
B．As high schools developed in the united states, the decision was made to make them responsible to people from all classes of society.
C．There was an aristocratic and selective principle in the European educational tradition
D．public high schools in the United States embraced the European educational tradition
How I Turned to Be Optimistic（乐观的）
I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt’s house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. We were on the bus then, I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which I listened every morning.
I do not remember myself crying for this reason again. In fact I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.
The four years that followed taught me the impo
rtance of optimism, but the idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really lost—having to study in three schools as a result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. I was often sad, and saw no end to “the hard times”
My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home. I wrote letters, filled out forms, translated at interviews with Immigration officers, took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives.
From my experiences I have learned one important rule: all common troubles eventually go away! Something good is certain to h
appen in the end when you do not give up, and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy.
52. How did the author get to know America?
A. From her relatives. B. Form her mother.
C. Form books and pictures. D. From radio programs.
53. Upon leaving for America the author felt________.
A. confused B. excited
C. worried D. amazed
54. What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 4 ?
A. She worked as a translator
B. She attended a lot of job interviews.
C. She paid telephone bills for her family.
D. She helped her family with her English.
55. The author believes that___________.
A. her future will be free from troubles
B. it is difficult to become patient
C. there are more good things than bad things
D. good things will happen if one keeps trying
I know what you’re thinking : Pizza? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers with it in the morning, if you want to.
I know lots of women who skip breakfast , and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it . Some say they don’t have time. Others think they’re “saving” calories （卡路里）, still others say they just don’t like breakfast food .
But the fact is that eating in the morning is very important when you’re trying to lose weight. “Eating anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all,” says Katherine Brooking , who developed the super-easy eating pla
n for this year’s “SELF CHALLENGE”. And even pizza can be healthy if it’s loaded with vegetables, as long as you stick to only one small piece.
Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southern California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.
So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast, or the
y just have coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last night’s leftovers . It may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow,” I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it, and you may save yourself some pre-bedtime calories. And you will watch your body gain the fat-burning effects.
48. The underlined word “leftovers” in Paragraph 1 probably means__________.
A.food remaining after a meal B. breakfast
C. meals made of vegetables D. pizza with fruit
49. What can we infer from the text?
A. Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry.
B. Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast.
C. If we have pizza loaded with vegetables, we will certainly not gain weight.
D. Eating vegetables helps us to save energy.
50. According to the last paragraph, it is important to____________.
A. eat something for breakfast B. be careful about what you eat
C. heat up food before eating it D. eat calorie-controlled food
51. The text is written mainly for those_____________.
A. who go to work early B. who want to lose weight
C. who stay up late D. who eat before sleep
There was a story many years ago of a school teacher—Mrs.Thompson. She told the children on the first day that she loved them all the same. But that was a lie. There in the front row was a little boy named Teddy Stoddard. He didn’t play well with the other children and he always needed a bath. She did not like him.
Then Mrs.Thompson got to know that Teddy was actually a very good boy before the death of his mother. Mrs.Thompson was ashamed of herself. She felt even worse when, like all her other students,Teddy brought her a Christmas present too. It was his mother’s perfume(香水)
Teddy said,“Mrs.Thompson, today you smell just like my Mom used to.”After the children left , she cri
ed for at least an hour. On that very day, she stopped teaching reading, writing and math. Instead, she began to teach children.
Mrs.Thompson p
aid particular attention to Teddy. The boy’s mind seemed to come alive.The more she encouraged him, the faster he improved. By the end of the sixth grade,Teddy had become one of the smartest children in the class.
Six years went by before she got a note from Teddy. He wrote that he had finished high school and she was still the best teacher he ever had in his whole life. He went to college. Mrs.Thompson got two more letters from him with the last one signed: Theodore Stoddard,M.D.(医学博士).
The story doesn’t end there. On his wedding day, Dr.Stoddard whispered in Mrs.Thompson’s ear,“Thank you, Mrs.Thompson, for believing in me.You made me feel important and showed me that I could make a difference.”
Mrs.Thompson, with tears in her eyes, whispe
red back,“Teddy, you have it all wrong.You were the one who taught me that I could make a difference. I didn’t know how to teach until I met you.”
44.What did Mrs.Thompson do on the first day of school?
A.She made Teddy feel ashamed.
B.She asked the children to play with Teddy.
C.She changed Teddy’s seat to the front row.
D.She told the class something untrue about herself.
45.What did Mrs.Thompson find out about Teddy?
A.He often told lies.
B.He was good at math.
C.He needed care from mother or someone like that.
D.He enjoyed playing with others.
46.In what way did Mrs.Thompson change after she received the gifts?
A.She taught fewer school subjects.
B.She became stricter with her students.
C.She no longer liked her job as a teacher.
D.She cared more about educating students.
47.Why did Teddy thank Mrs.Thompson at his wedding?
A.She had kept in touch with him.
B.She had given him encouragement.
C.She had sent him Christmas presents.
D.She had taught him how to judge people.
IV：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
Do you want to improve the way you study? Do you feel nervous before a test? Many students say that a lack of concentration is their biggest problem. It has bad effects on their ability to study, so do their test results.
If so, use these tips to help you.
Study Techniques
You should always study in the s
ame place. You shouldn’t sit in a position that you use for another purpose. For example, when you sit on a sofa to study, your brain will think it is time to relax. Don’t watch TV while you are studying. Experts warn that your concentration may be reduced by 50 percent if you attempt to study in this way. Always try to have a white wall in front of you, so there is nothing 
to distract (make less concentrated) you. Before sitting down to study, gather together all the equipment you need. Apart from your textbooks, pens, pencils and knives, make sure you have a dictionary. If your study desk or table is needed when you are not studying, store all your equipment in a box beside it.
Your eyes will become tired if you try to read a text which is on a flat surface. Position your book at an angle of 30 degrees.
Be realistic and don’t try to complete too much in one study period. Finish one thing before beginning another. If you need a break, get up and walk around for a few minutes, but try not to telephone a friend or have something to eat.
Test-taking Skills
All your hard work will be for nothing if you are too nervous to take your test. Getting plenty of rest is very important. This means do not study all night before your test! It is a better idea to have a long-term study plan. Try to make a timetable for your study which lasts a few months.
Exercise is a great way to reduce pressure. Doing some form of exercise every day will also improve your concentration. Eat healthy food too.
When you arrive in the examination room, find your seat and sit down. Breathe slowly and deeply. Check the time on the clock during the test, but not too often. Above all, take no notice of everyone else and give the test paper your undivided attention.
41. Which of the following statements is true ac
cording to the passage?
A. You should study in a different place every day, so you don’t get bored.
B. Your concentration will improve if you study and watch TV at the same time.
C. Check the time during the exam at a certain time.
D.Staying up all night is tiring, but you will learn a lot using this method.
42. What does the underlined word “it” refer to?
A. Your study desk or table. B. Your textbook.
C. Your dictionary. D. The equipment you need.
43. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. You shouldn’t look at everyone else during the test.
B.You will have enough energy to deal with and concentrate on your study and exams
better by eating healthy diet.
C. You’ll concentrate more if there is nothing to distract you.
D. If you need a break during study, you can walk around for a few minutes.
In the past, when people had problems, they went to their families or friends to get advice.
Today it is possible to get advice from radio shows, TV programmes
and telephone hot lines, too. A hot line is a telephone line that offers a direct way of getting in touch with advisers .Most hot lines are completely anonymous ,that is to say , callers do not have to say their names or telephone n
umbers. Most hot lines are usually free. Callers do not have to pay for the advice or the phone calls, even if the calls are long distance ones. At some hot lines, the advisers are volunteers. Other hot lines pay their advisers for their work. Usually the advisers are full-time people with years of education and experience, but sometimes, the advisers have only taken a short training before starting to work on the hot lines. All the advisers listen to people and help them solve their problems
56. A hot line is a telephone line_________
A that is hot B through which people get advice
C whose number no one knows D through which callers take a short training
57. the underlined word“anonymous”in the passage means_________in Chinese.
A secret B well-known C exact D wonderful
58. When people call the hot line advisers, they_________
A often give their names and telephone numbers
B generally have to pay for the long distance calls
C usually pay nothing for most of the calls and advice
D always try to get in touch with the volunteer advisers
59. The advisers working at hot lines _________
A have all been trained for a short time
B are all volunteers
C have all received years of education
D are not all paid
60 The writer of the passage seems to think that_________
A hot lines help the callers a lot
B advisers will solve all of the callers’ problems
C people had better pay for the advice
D people will not get advice from their families or friends
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