Honesty may well be the policy, but it often deserts us when no one is watching, psychologists report today. Experiments with an honesty box to collect payments for hot drinks show that people are better at paying up when under the gaze(注视) of a pair of eyes. The surprise was that the eyes were not real, but photographed.
Researchers at Newcastle University set up the experiment in secret. They attached a poster to a cupboard of mugs above an-honesty box alongside a kettle, with tea, coffee and milk. Over 10 weeks, they alternated each week between images of eyes and pictures of flowers.
Dr. Bateson, a behavioral biologist and leader of the study, said that even though the eyes were not real they still seemed to make people behave more honestly. They effect may arise from behavioral characteristics that developed as early humans formed social groups that increased their chances of survival. Individuals had to co-operate for the good of the group, rather than act selfishly.
"If nobody is watching us it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when we think we're being watched we should behave better, so people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us, "Dr. Bateson said.
"We thought we'd get a slight effect with eyes, but it was quite striking how much difference they made. Even at a subconscious(潜意识的) level, it seems people respond to eyes, and that might be because eyes send a strong biological signal we have evolved(进化) to respond to."
The finding, which researchers believe sheds light on our evolutionary past, could be turned to practical use. The psychologists say images of eyes could promote ticket sales on public transport and improve monitor systems to prevent antisocial behavior.
1. This passage is mainly about _______________.
A. the policy of honesty B. an honesty box to collect money
C. evolution on honesty D. an experiment on honesty
2. The reason for doing the experiment secretly is that the researchers _____________.
A. wanted to get a comparatively more exact result
B. had known they wanted to do something illegally
C. meant to get the co-operation of their colleagues
D. intended to sell the hot drinks at a higher price
3. People behave honestly under watchful gaze of eyes because _____________.
A. they want to leave a good impression B. they fear to be laughed at by others
C. they've got the nature through evolution D. they take the photo for a real pair of eyes
4. Images of a pair of eyes can be applied to all except _____.
A. tickets sales on public transport B. cold drink sales in public places
C. places with “No spitting!” signs D. Christmas decorations in one’s home
Perfume (香水) has been in existence for a long time. These days, certain perfumes are considered comparable to great works of art. Here are a few of the most famous perfumes in history.
Chanel No.5
This perfume is probably the best-selling scent (气味) in the history of fragrance (香水). Created by Ernst Beaux for Coco Chanel in 1921, it has been described as “the world’s most legendary fragrance”, and remains the company’s most famous perfume.
Shalimar
Jacques Guerlain created this vanilla (香草) fragrance in 1925. The perfume takes its name from the Garden of Shalimar, which was built by Emperor Shah Jehan for one of his wives. It was an immediate hit in 1925 and is still extremely popular today.
Joy
Joy is famous for having been the most expensive perfume in the world at one point. It was created in 1930 by Henri Alméras for Jean Patou to lift the bad mood that had swept over the world after the 1929 stock market crash.
L’Air duTemps
Francis Farbon created Nina Ricci’s L’Air du Temps in 1948. The fragrance is known for its spicy (香的) carnation (康乃馨) and gardenia (栀子) scents as well as its beautiful crystal (水晶的) bottle (designed by Lalique).
Eternity
Calvin Klein’s second perfume was created by Sophia Grojsman in 1988. Known for its light, flowery scent, the perfume was listed in the Fragrance Hall of Fame in 2003. It is recommended for daytime wear.
Angel
This wildly popular perfume was created in 1992 by Olivier Cresp for Thierry Mugler. The perfume was an instant success. The perfume has often been described as “delicious”, owing to its chocolatey (巧克力味的) scent. The perfume comes in beautiful star-shaped bottles. Angel perfume also comes in several bath and body products. Who created Joy?
| A．Henri Alméras. | B．Jean Patou. |
| C．Sophia Grojsman. | D．Jacques Guerlain. |
Which of the following perfumes is known for its wonderful crystal bottle?
| A．Shalimar. | B．Chanel No. 5 | C．L’Air du Temps. | D．Eternity. |
The Angel perfume has been described as delicious because of __________.
| A．its spicy scent | B．its special bottle design |
| C．its vanilla scent | D．its chocolatey scent |
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
| A．Emperor Shah Jehan created the Shalimar perfume for one of his wives. |
| B．Joy was created to cheer people up after the stock market crash. |
| C．Lalique created Nina Ricci’s L’Air du Temps in 1948. |
| D．Eternity was listed into the Fragrance Hall of Fame in 1988. |
Where can you probably see this article?
| A．In a textbook. | B．In the newspaper. |
| C．In a travel magazine. | D．In a fashion magazine. |
La Gomera is the only place in the world which has a whistle （口哨）language. We do not know how and why it began because we do not know the complete history of the island. But we can certainly imagine the reasons for the beginning of the whistle language. There are many deep valleys on the island. A person on one side of a valley can not easily shout to a person on the other side. But he can whistle and be heard. Some of the best whistlers can be heard from four miles away and the record is seven miles.
The people who live on the island usually have good teeth, and this helps them to whistle well. They must also have good ears so that they can hear other whistlers.
We can understand why the whistle language continues. It is very useful on the island, and quite easy to learn. When somebody is hurt or ill, the whistle language takes the place of telephone. If the sick person is quite far away from the town, people pass the message from one to another. A boy guarding cattle on a hillside whistles to a man fishing from his boat. The last one is able to describe the trouble fully and exactly to the doctor in town. People help one another in the same way when a car breaks down or a cow is lost.
The whistle language is hundreds of years old, and probably it will continue to live on for hundreds of years more. Radio and TV often kill the special ways of speaking in different parts of a country. But on La Gomera you are nobody if you cannot whistle. Perhaps soon after TV arrives on the island, people there will be whistling the news and other facts and opinions. If a person on La Gomera is ill,______.
| A．others will phone the doctor in town |
| B．people will take him to town by carriage |
| C．his family will take him to the hospital |
| D．the whistle language will help pass the message to the doctor |
La Gomera is special because ______.
| A．many visitors go there every year |
| B．no visitors have ever been there |
| C．people there have special ears to hear whistles |
| D．people there use the whistle language to communicate with each other |
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
| A．It is not easy for a person to live on La Gomera if he cannot whistle. |
| B．The whistle language can only be found on La Gomera. |
| C．The whistle language has been used for hundreds of years on the island, but will not be used any longer. |
| D．The record shows that one best whistler can be heard others seven miles away. |
Which of the following will be the best title of this passage?
| A．The Secret Language | B．Do You Know the Whistle Language? |
| C．The Life of Islanders | D．La Gomera一a Mystery |
“Today we had a discussion in class about heroes,” said Ayesha to her father. “The teacher asked us to name our favorite heroes.”
“What did you say?” asked her father curiously.
“I said Kareena Kapoor,” said Ayesha proudly.
“Why do you like Kareena?” asked her father.
“She is so pretty, Daddy!” shouted Ayesha. “So I want to look like her!”
“But how do you plan to do that?”
“I don’t know, but I want to look like her.”
“When I see you, I see a very pretty girl. You may not be Kareena, but you are just as fine as Ayesha,” said her father seriously. “Adopting（挑选）film actors as our heroes and heroines（女偶像）is part of being young, but in the process don’t put yourself down,” he added. “But if you are trying so hard to be Kareena, you will stop being Ayesha.” Ayesha began to look interested. Her father added, “Each of us is unique, We have come down to the earth to develop our own beautiful gifts. You are such a fine singer, for example. Can you see how this might be your own wonderful gift to the world? Focus on being yourself, child, and you will achieve great things in life.
“OK, Dad,” she said. “I love the way Kareena looks but I am now going to focus on being the best Ayesha I can be.”
“That’s my girl,” said her father, giving her a big hug.Kareena Kapoor is most probably a ______.
| A．popular writer | B．famous actress |
| C．school teacher | D．pretty singer |
Which of the following words can best describe Ayesha’s father?”
| A．Reasonable | B．Humorous | C．Impatient | D．Generous |
We know from the passage that _______.
| A．Ayesha’s teacher liked watching films very much |
| B．Kareena Kapoor became famous for her courage |
| C．Ayesha changed her wrong attitude to Kareena in the end |
| D．Ayesha followed her father’s advice and determined to be herself |
There are many fun, free activities that you can do as a family. All that is required is a bit of imagination and some time. And the best part is that these are the kind of fun, family memories a child will remember for a lifetime.
Family Game Night
Kids often get games for Christmas or birthdays, and would love to have a chance to play with their family. Or, make up some games of their own. Charades（字谜游戏）is a fun game that will challenge children to use their imagination. Divide the family into teams and let each team come up with words and the other has to act out.
Family Art Time
Pick some time for the family to sit down and come up with their own art. It doesn’t need to be just a drawing－take some old magazines, let the kids cut out pictures and paste them into their own shape. Or let them use leaves, branches and whatever else they can find to make something from their imagination.
Family Picnic
Taking the family for a picnic is a great way for some fun that doesn’t cost any money. If the weather is nice, take them to a park or playground and let them have a day of playing.
Family Field Trip
A family field trip doesn’t have to cost a cent. Ask a nearby farm if you can bring your kids out for a tour and to see some of the animals. Or take them to a park to find certain items from nature. Ask a local business if you could bring the family for a tour to see how things work－you might be surprised at the number of people who would be excited to share what they do with others, and it could be an interesting lesson for kids.When playing the game charades, kids are supposed to ______.
| A．prepare some cakes for each other |
| B．sing a song for each other in turn |
| C．connect actions with certain words |
| D．be quick to follow others’ actions |
Which activities in the passage depend much on the kids imagination?
| A．Family Game Night ＆ Family Art Time |
| B．Family Game Night ＆ Family Picnic |
| C．Family Picnic ＆ Family Field Trip |
| D．Family Field Trip ＆ Family Game Night |
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.
| A．you may share your own experience with workers |
| B．It costs a lot to visit a park for a family |
| C．all the people will be excited to share what they have with you |
| D．you should ask for permission from the farm owner |
The passage is mainly intended for ______.
| A．teachers | B．teenagers | C．tourists | D．parents |
A ship was damaged during a storm at sea and only two of the men aboard were able to swim to a small island. Not knowing what else to do, the two survivors decided that they should pray to God.
However, to find out whose prayers were more powerful, they agreed to divide（分割开）the land between them and stay on opposite sides of the island.
The first thing they prayed for was food. The next morning, the first man saw a tree on his side of the island, and he was able to eat its fruit. But the other man’s side of land remained barren.
After a week, the first man became lonely and decided to pray for a wife. The next day, another ship was damaged and the only survivor was a woman who swam to his side of the island. But on the other side of the island, there was nothing.
Soon the first man prayed for a house, clothes and more food. The next day, like magic, all of these things were given to him. However, the second man still had nothing.
Finally, the first man prayed for a ship so that he and his wife could leave the island, and in the morning he found a ship stopped at his side of the island.
The first man boarded the ship with his wife and decided to leave the second man on the island. As the ship was about to leave, the first man heard a voice from Heaven, “Why are you leaving your partner on the island?”
“My blessings are mine alone since I was the one who prayed for them.” The first man answered. “ His prayers were all unanswered so he doesn’t deserve anything.”
“You are mistaken!” the voice said. “He had only one prayer, which I answered. He prayed that all your prayers would be answered.”Why didn’t the two men stay together on the island?
| A．Because they both wanted to live a quiet life |
| B．Because they couldn’t get along well with each other |
| C．Because they wanted to test the power of their prayers |
| D．Because they wanted to keep their own life secret from others |
The underlined word “barren” is closest in meaning to ______.
| A．noisy | B．empty | C．dangerous | D．calm |
Which of the following words can best describe the first man?
| A．Hard-working | B．Lucky | C．Selfish | D．Dishonest |
What does the author try to express through the story?
| A．God helps those who help themselves |
| B．A life without a friend is a life without a sun |
| C．A man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full of weeds |
| D．What we do for others is more important than what we do for ourselves |
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