A centuries-old tradition of wearing a white horse-hair wig in court ended for many judges when a simpler new dress code came into force．
While judges in criminal cases will still wear them, those in civil and family hearings will appear bare-headed in court, wearing a new-style plain black robe, the British government said．
After a long debate, the Lord Chief Justice, Lord Philips, head of the judiciary(司法部) in England and Wales, finally ordered the changes in an attempt to modernize the courts．
Wigs have been an emblem(象征) of the British legal system since the 17th century when the fashion for wearing them in wider society went through to the courts．For hundreds of years before the reign(统治)of Charles II, judges and lawyers were expected to come to court with short hair and a beard．
The decision to abandon wigs has disappointed traditionalists who argue that they give judges an air of authority and impartiality．Wigs could also protect them from angry members of the public．John Mortimer, the barrister and author of the “Rumpole of the Bailey” books, opposed the changes．“The idea’s ridiculous! A barrister without his wig would be like a doctor without a stethoscope（听诊器）,” he wrote in a newspaper article when the changes were first proposed．
However, modernists argue that wigs are a hangover from the past that could intimidate people in court．In a newspaper interview, Lord Phillips described wigs as an anachronism（不合时宜之物）that gave the public a false impression of judges．
A Ministry of Justice survey last year found 70 percent of court workers wanted to keep wigs, compared to 42 percent of the public．
1．The reasons why wigs should be kept are the following EXCEPT________．
A．to build up the fair image of the judges．
B．to keep the judges from the harm from the audience．
C．to make the audience fear the judges．
D．to symbolize justice．
2．According to the British government, wigs will still be worn in ________．
A．murder cases B．divorce cases C．property cases D．real estate cases
3．The underlined word ‘intimidate’ in Paragraph 4 means ________．
A．frightened B．dissatisfied C．amused D．annoyed
4．Based on the article, which of the following inferences is TRUE?
A．Wearing wigs were very popular in the 17th century in Britain．
B．A stethoscope to a doctor is what a wig to a traditionalist．
C．The courts started the fashion of wearing wigs．
D．Many people favor the wigs for the judges．
5．The article is mainly about _________．
A．the difficulty in abandoning wigs in court．
B．the history of wearing wigs and the end of it．
C．abandoning wigs for many judges and the debate caused by it．
D．the opinion of the public and court workers on abandoning wigs．
How to deal successfully with a child showing outstanding musical ability? Its not always clear how best to develop and encourage his gift. Many parents may even fail to recognize and respond to their children’s need until discouragement explodes into uncooperative behavior. And while most schools are equipped to deal with children who are especially able in academic subjects，the musically gifted require special understanding which may not always be available in an ordinary school. Such children may well benefit from the education offered by a specialist music school.
The five music schools in Britain aim to provide all environment where gifted children can develop their skills under the guidance of professional musicians. Children here spend about half of a day on musical activities，for example，individual lessons，orchestras，chamber(室内音乐的)groups，voice training，conducting and theory. They also spend several hours a day practicing in private rooms. The rest of their time is taken up with the subjects: English, maths and basic sciences.
What are the disadvantages? An obvious problem is that the fees are high. However, each school will offer scholarships and other forms of financial aid. Secondly, not all parents want to send their children to boarding school, especially at an early age. Almost all the directors of the specialist schools express doubts about the wisdom of admitting children as young as seven into such a tense and disciplined (守纪律的) environment. They stress，however, that their main aim is to turn out “well-rounded and well—balanced individual.”【改编】 What are the disadvantages?
| A．the students are friendly |
| B．the discipline are strict |
| C．the environment are beautiful |
| D．the fees are high |
【改编】 According to school directors，what is a possible disadvantage for pupils?
| A．They may lose their individuality. |
| B．There may be a discipline problem. |
| C．They may be too small on arrival. |
| D．Poor children may not be included. |
【改编】 The passage mainly talks about__________.
| A．how to deal with music talented children |
| B．education and development about children |
| C．disadvantages of music schools |
| D．music schools for children with music gift |
One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. "This boy has lost his family," he wrote. "He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I'm very worried about him. Can you help?"
I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn't have the answer to, and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.
The first two times we met David didn't say a word. He sat there, only looking up to look at the childrens drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon - in complete silence and without looking at me. It's not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.
Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?
"Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with," I thought. "Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering." Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.
"It's your turn," he said.
After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.
Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one - without any words can reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens.
【改编】 Without any words,which can reach out to another person?
| A．a hug |
| B．a smile |
| C．a song |
| D．a gift |
【改编】 What can be inferred about David?
| A．He recovered after months of treatment. |
| B．He liked biking before he lost his family. |
| C．He went into university soon after starting to talk. |
| D．He got friends in school before he met the author. |
【改编】What made David change?
| A．His teacher's help. |
| B．The author's friendship. |
| C．His exchange of letters with the author. |
| D．The author's silent communication with him. |
On the night of November 14, 1978, a six-year-old Korean boy was flying to the United States. All he knew was that he was on a plane heading for somewhere. The plane landed at Kennedy International Airport, where he was greeted by a family. This young boy was me.
I have grown up in a town where there were few Asians, so I stuck out in the crowd. I made friends quickly and they treated me just like anyone else. You may ask if anyone made fun of my appearance. Well, of course, I met that kind of person. I just shrugged it off.
As an adopted child, I have something that others don't have. I have had the benefit of two families. I'm lucky to have got a chance to start a new life. But we must try never to forget our past. Someday I will go back to Korea to find out what kind of culture I left behind.
There is only one thing that I regret about being adopted. When I argue with my parents and they realize they are losing the argument, they sometimes wonder what I would be doing if I were back in Korea. I don't understand this because I thought the purpose of adopting someone was to give them a better chance of growing up in a family. Some day when I am older, I want to adopt a girl and raise her the way my parents have raised me, but I would do it better, for I know what went well and what did not.
【改编】 What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
| A．The writer wants to forget his past. |
| B．The writer isn't sad about being adopted. |
| C．The writer isn't interested in Korean culture. |
| D．The writer doesn’t know anything about Korea. |
【改编】 If someone sticks out in the crowd, it means that he/she_______.
| A．is very ugly |
| B．is very kind |
| C．is easily noticed by others |
| D．is very beautiful |
【改编】 What does the writer want to do when he is older?
| A．Go back to live with his parents in Korea. |
| B．Tell his parents what they have done wrong. |
| C．Find out how to raise children in a better way. |
| D．Adopt a girl and raise her in a good way. |
Some people learn a second language easily. Others have trouble learning a new language. How can you help yourself learn a new language, such as English? There are several ways to make learning English a little easier and more interesting.
The first step is to feel positive about learning English. If you believe that you can learn, you will learn. Be patient. You do not have to understand everything all at once. It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new. We can learn from our mistakes. In other words, do not worry about taking risks.
The second step is to practice your English. For example, write a diary every day. You will get used to writing it in English, and you will feel comfortable expressing your ideas in English. Several weeks later, you will see that your writing is improving. In addition, you must speak English every day. You can practice with your classmates outside class. You will make mistakes, but gradually you will become comfortable communicating in English.
The third step is to keep a record of your language learning. You can write this in your journal. After each class, think about what you did. Did you answer a question correctly? Did you understand something the teacher explained? Perhaps the lesson was difficult, but you tried to understand it.
You must be positive about learning English and believe that you can do it. It is important to practice every day and make a record of your achievements. You will enjoy learning English, and you will feel more confident in yourself.
【改编】 How can you help yourself learn a new language, such as English?
| A．to feel positive about learning English |
| B．to practice your English |
| C．to keep a record of your language learning. |
| D．if you believe you can learn, you will learn |
【改编】 When you learn English, you need to _________.
| A．worry about taking risks |
| B．understand everything all at once |
| C．write a diary every day |
| D．never speak English |
【改编】 According to the passage, what is helpful for you to enjoy learning English?
A. After each class, think about what you did.
B. To communicate in Chinese
C.never write a diary
Cambridge graduates are the most employable in the world，according to a global league table．The ancient university is the best at producing graduates who are‘ready to work’，a poll of major employers found．
Oxford slipped to fourth place in the rankings having taken top spot last year．Harvard and Yale—part of the US‘Ivy League’of universities—were second and third respectively．
Five British universities were ranked in the top 20—one more than last year—and 12 were in the full list of 150．
But the UK as a country came third—behind the US and Germany—when companies were asked to name the best nation for producing work—ready graduates．
The table—the Global Employability(就业能力)University Ranking published by the International New York Times—also showed that universities in Asian countries were rapidly gaining ground on their western counterparts (对手)．
Asian universities claimed 20 percent of the top 150 places in 2014 compared with only 10 percent when the tables were first published in 2010．
The other British universities in the top 20 were University College London，in 14th place，Imperial College London，in 15th，and Edinburgh，18th．
The table showed the gap between a small number of top UK universities and less famous institutions．
Laurent Dupasquier，managing partner at Emerging，a French human resources consultancy，said：“The top tier players．global brands (which tend to be all American and British)．continue to lead，while other Anglo—Saxon universities，those that are mainly regional players，tend to develop less well，with an average of five places lost in comparison with last year．”
“Like the Premier League(英超联赛)，the champions have an international community of students and think internationally，unlike their more locally oriented counterparts．”
The table was made following a survey of 2,500 major companies in 20 countries．Employers were asked to rank universities against a range of criteria including their production of graduates who are ready to work and their links with business．
The study claimed that‘the days of ivory towers are over’．Which university had the best work-ready graduates last year?
| A．Cambridge． | B．Oxford． |
| C．Harvard． | D．Yale． |
The underlined phrase“gaining ground”in Paragraph 5 probably refers to ____________．
| A．falling behind |
| B．coming into conflict |
| C．making room |
| D．becoming more successful |
What can we learn about the UK universities from the text?
| A．There are many quality gaps between UK universities． |
| B．The UK produced the most work-ready graduates this year． |
| C．Universities in the UK make up most of the top 20． |
| D．Almost all UK university graduates are employable． |
Why do regional UK universities tend to develop less well this year?
| A．They couldn’t raise enough education fund． |
| B．They have students from all over the world． |
| C．They lack international students and think locally． |
| D．The UK government didn’t support them at a11． |
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