Cuts
Bleeding can usually be stopped by applying pressure to the cut for 2 or 3 minutes. The cut can then be carefully inspected. If it has bled freely any germs will normally have been washed away by the blood.
Apply a plaster dressing firmly, bringing the edges of the cut together so that it knits quickly. Keep dry for 1 to 2 days.
If the cut is deep and the edges cannot be pulled together with a dressing consult the doctor or the practice nurse. A tetanus (破伤风) injection may be needed.
Grazes
Dirt will often enter a graze caused by falling on a hard or rough surface. It must be cleaned out carefully with an antiseptic solution. (消毒液)
After cleaning, leave the graze uncovered. Exposure to the air will cause a scab to form. This will gradually fry and fall off.
It is not a good idea to apply a dressing. This may stick to the graze or make it complete wet and infected.
Bruises
Bruises are very common in children. They normally get better in 7 to 10 days Parents sometimes worry that a bone may be broken, but if in doubt consult the doctor. If a child gets up at once after a fall and moves about normally, it is unlikely that a bone has been broken.
Severe bruising can be treated by： Rest for 24 to 48 hours .In the case of a badly bruised leg, the limb should be raised. Lying in bed is the easiest way to do this.
A bad compress may ease a bad bruise if applied at once. This is made by leaving some material in water and applying it to the bruise.
Insect bites
These are common in the summer .They look like spots about 1/4’’across .They are very itchy (痒) and usually appear on exposed parts, e.g. arms and legs.
The itching can be relieved by calamine lotion (护肤药水).
Burns and scalds
Minor burns and scalds cause redness of the skin. Immediate treatment by pouring cold water over a burn is often helpful. If burns cause the skin severe hot or break the skin, the doctor should be turned to.
Sunburns should, if possible, be prevented by avoiding long exposure and covering exposed areas as much as needed. It may be treated by calamine lotion to relieve the pain.
1．The purpose of the booklet is _____
A．to tell us what to do until a doctor arrives.
B．to explain what cause minor illnesses.
C．to show that it is unnecessary to call a doctor.
D．to help us to treat minor illnesses at home
2．When treating a minor cut ,we are first told to _____.
A．clean out the wound. B．press down on the wound.
C．wash the blood away. D．close up the wound.
3．The injury which we are told how to avoid is _____.
A．sunburn. B．insect bites. C．scalds. D．cuts.
4．Patients with badly bruised legs are advised to go to bed so that ______.
A．they can rest completely. B．their injured leg can be lifted up.
C．they can leave their leg in water. D．a cold compress can be applied
The day my husband fell to his death，it started to snow，just like any November day．His body，when I found it，was lightly covered with snow．It snowed almost every day for the next four months，while I sat on the couch and watched it pile up．One morning，I shuffled downstairs and was surprised to see a snow remover clearing my driveway and the bent back of a woman shoveling(铲)my walk．I dropped to my knees，crawled through the living room．And back up stairs so those good people would not see me．I was embarrassed．My first thought was，how would I ever repay them? I didn’t have the strength to brush my hair let alone shovel someone’s walk．
Before John’s death，I took pride in the fact that I rarely asked for help or favors，I defined myself by my competence and independence．So who was I if I was no longer capable and busy? How could I respect myself if all I did was sit on the couch every day and watch the snowfall?
Learning how to receive the love and support that came my way wasn't easy．Friends cooked forme and l cried because I couldn't even help them set the table．“I'm not usually this lazy，”I wept．Finally，my friend Kathy sat down with me and said,"Mary，cooking for you is not a burden. I love you and I want to do it．It makes me feel good to be able to do something for you．”
Over and over，I heard similar emotions from the people who supported me during those dark days．One very wise man told me，“You are not doing nothing．Being fully open to your sorrow may be the hardest work you will everdo．”
I am not the person I once was，but in many ways I have changed for the better．My heart is now filled with thanks for people around me．I have been surprised to learn that there is incredible freedom that comes from facing one’s worst fear and walking away whole．I believe there is strength，for sure，in accepting a dark period of our life.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
| A．The writer’s friend was unwilling to cook for her． |
| B．The writer had been busy with her life before． |
| C．The writer recovered from her sorrow quickly with his friend‘s help． |
| D．The day her husband died，it was snowing heavily． |
We can describe the writer before her husband died as the following except ___________．
| A．hard-working | B．independent |
| C．smart | D．capable |
The underlined word“shuffled”in Paragraph 1 probably means ___________．
| A．stepped steadily | B．walked slowly |
| C．ran swiftly | D．fell sadly |
We can infer from the passage that ____________.
| A．the writer found her husband immediately he fell off the roof |
| B．the writer became strong-willed immediately after John's death |
| C．the people around the writer were friendly and supported her |
| D．before John’s death，the writer never asked others for help |
The writer wrote the passage to ___________．
| A．share her sad story with us |
| B．express her guilty conscience to the people who helped her |
| C．show her thanks to the people who love and support her |
| D．tell us the changes she has made because of her husband’s death |
CHICAGO(Reuters)-Smoking not only can wrinkle(皱纹)the face and turn it yellow—it can do the same to the whole body，researchers reported on Monday．
The study，published in the Archives of Dermatology，shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body-even skin protected from the sun．
“We examined non-facial skin that was protected from the sun，and found that the total number of packs，of cigarette smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced，”Dr．Yolanda，who led the study，said in a statement.
“In participants older than 65 years，smokers had significantly more fine wrinkling than nonsmokers．Similar fmdings were seen in participants aged 45 to 65 years．” Yolanda’s team added in their report．
The researchers tested 82 people，smokers and nonsmokers，taking pictures of the inner right arms．They ranged，in age from 22 to 91 and half were smokers．In dependent judges decided how wrinkled each person’s skin was.
When skin is exposed to sunlight，especially the face，it becomes coarse(粗糙的)．Wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow tint，Yolanda's team wrote．
Several previous studies have found that cigarette smoking led to premature(过早的)skin aging asmeasured by facial wrinkles，the study said，but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to light．
The report did not discuss die mechanism involved but previous research has found that cigarette smoke，among other things，causes blood vessels(血管)beneath the skin to constrict(紧缩)，reducing blood supply to the skin．
Smoking can also damage the connective tissue(组织)that supports both die skin and the internal organs.The best title for this passage would be ______________．
| A．The danger of smoking | B．Smoking causes skin aging |
| C．Quit smoking for health | D．A survey of smokers |
It can be inferred from the study _____________．
| A．smoking won’t affect skin protected from the sun |
| B．smoking will do damage to skin rather than other organs |
| C．smokers over 65 usually won’t worry about their skin |
| D．the age of smokers is not connected，with the result of the test |
When your skin is exposed to sunlight long，it becomes all of the following but _________.
| A．flexible | B．coarse |
| C．rough | D．discolored |
According to the passage，how wrinkled a person’s skin is doesn’t relate to ___________．
| A．the number of cigarettes a person smokes |
| B．the kind and characteristics of skin |
| C．how long a person smokes |
| D．how long skin is under sunlight |
From the passage smoking results in skin aging mainly because ____________．
| A．it will lower blood supply to skin |
| B．it can make you feel tired |
| C．it can make skin come off |
| D．it can make blood run faster |
The main purpose of the passage is to ____________．
| A．inform people about the study of skin． |
| B．advise people how to protect skin |
| C．warn people not to smoke again |
| D．introduce a new way of avoid skin aging |
To win an Oscar is an achievement at any age．To do so at 22，as Jennifer Lawrence has，is just amazing．Recently，the American star won Best Actress at this year’s Academy Awards for her role in the film The Silver Linings Playbook．According to Time magazine’s Richard Corliss，Lawrence is that rare young actress who“lends a mature intelligence to any ro1e”．Though Lawrence has found great success through her big screen work，Lawrence wasn't sure what she really liked doing before the ageof l4．She thought she’d go to college and may be find a career as a doctor or a travel agent．
Lawrence’s two brothers were star athletes and one of them was a straight-A student．Unlike them，she suffered through school，never quite finding where she belonged．However，during a trip to New York，Lawrence suddenly realized that she wanted to be an actress．When she was enjoying the beautiful city，a model seeker asked if he could take her picture，and the next day he called her in for an audition(试镜)．
“I read the script(剧本)and it was the first time I had that feeling like I understand this，”Lawrence said．“Within 20 minutes，in the cab ride from the hotel room，I decided I didn’t want to be a model．In fact， I wanted to be an actress．”Having appreciated this young lady’s performance，the agency was so impressed with her reading that they signed her on the spot．But she insisted on finishing high school so she could give her full attention to her acting career．
Lawrence burst onto the Hollywood scene last year with The Hunger Games，which established her as the highest-grossing(票房最高的)female action hero of all time．Rolling Stone called her “the most talented young actress in America”．
What can we know about Jennifer Lawrence from Paragraph 3？
| A．Her parents were really strict with her． |
| B．She seemed not to fit in with her school days well． |
| C．Her school performance made her today's fame． |
| D．Her two brothers were doing well in all school subjects． |
Lawrence made up her mind to be all actress because of
| A．a model interview |
| B．her brothers’examples |
| C．the taxi-ride to her hotel room |
| D．the beautiful scenery of New York |
From the text we can know that Lawrence is an actress of great ____________．
| A．confidence | B．ambition |
| C．independence | D．talent |
What is the best title of the text?
| A．Choosing Early | B．Acting Wisely |
| C．Winning Young | D．Following Dreams |
There is no denying that for more than a generation college education has been accepted without the slightest doubt. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go.
But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the fierce competition so as to get admitted into graduate schools. Others find no stimulation (激励) in their studies, and consequently have to drop out, which is often encouraged by college administrators.
Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves--they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that’s a condemnation（谴责）of the students as a whole, and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.
Some campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy(玫瑰般的) glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn’t make people intelligent,ambitious, happy,liberal, or quick to learn things—maybe it is just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy (异端邪说) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to come up.According to the first paragraph, ___________________.
| A．people now no longer challenge college education. |
| B．people still have a low opinion of college education. |
| C．the author thinks youngsters should all go to college. |
| D．people have great expectations for college education. |
More young people drop out of college because _________.
| A．they are no longer motivated in their studies. |
| B．they can start selling shoes and driving taxis. |
| C．they compete for admission to graduate schools. |
| D．college administrators encourage them to do so. |
Who does the author think is to blame for campus unhappiness?
| A．young students who are all spoiled and expecting too much. |
| B．our society that can’t offer enough jobs to college graduates. |
| C．our society that has not enough jobs for high school graduates. |
| D．young people as well as our society are to blame for all this. |
Which of the following sentences is TRUE about those surveys and statistics?
| A．They proved wrong as being contradictory to our college experiences. |
| B．They are so convincing that we think of our rosy college experiences. |
| C．They may have been misread because of our rosy college experiences. |
| D．They prove high school graduates are smarter than college gratuates. |
What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in Paragragh 4?
| A．It is a different way | B．It is just the opposite. |
| C．It is the wrong way. | D．There’s no other way. |
What’s the main purpose of this passage?
| A．To inform young people college education is no longer important now. |
| B．To prove college education doesn’t make young people more intelligent. |
| C．To argue against the idea that college is the first choice for all youngsters. |
| D．To tell young people that there’s something wrong with college education. |
From good reading we can get pleasure, companionship, experience, and instruction. A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our contentment when we are cheerful, and lessens our troubles when we are sad. Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, our contact with good books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction.
With a good book in our hands we need never be lonely. Whether the characters in it are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may become our companions and friends. In the pages of books we can walk with the wise and the good of all lands and all times. The people we meet in books may delight us either because they resemble (相像) human friends whom we hold dear or because they present unfamiliar types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances(熟人). Our human friends sometimes may bore us, but the friends we make in books need never weary us with their company. By turning the page we can dismiss them without any fear of hurting their feelings. While human friends desert us, good books are always ready to give us friendship, sympathy, and encouragement.
Of all the gifts from reading books, the most valuable one is experience. Few of us can travel far from home or have a wide range of experiences, but all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books. Whether we wish to escape from the seemingly dull realities of daily routines or whether we long to visit some far-off place, a book will help us when nothing else can. To travel by book we need no bank account to pay our way; no airship or ocean liner or stream-lined train to transport us; no passport to enter the land of our heart's desire. Through books we may get the thrill of hazardous adventure without danger. We can climb high mountains, brave the perils (危险) of an Antarctic winter, or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship. In books we may visit the studios of Hollywood; we may mix with the merry crowds of the Paris boulevards; we may join the picturesque peasants in an Alpine village or the kindly natives on a South Sea island. Indeed, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The possibilities of our literary experiences are almost unlimited. The beauties of nature, the enjoyment of music, the treasures of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read.Why do we sometimes forget our surroundings and even our identity while reading?
| A．No one is trying to disturb you there. |
| B．All is so quiet and calm around you. |
| C．The book you read is so fascinating. |
| D．Our life is just far from satisfactory. |
What makes people like their acquaintances in books even more?
| A．They are just like our human friends. |
| B．They are unfamiliar types we like. |
| C．They will never ever abandon us. |
| D．They will never hurt our feelings. |
The word “hazardous” means ______.
| A．“unexpected” | B．“dangerous” |
| C．“imaginary” | D．“unusual” |
“... the whole world is ours for the asking” means that we can____________.
| A．experience the whole world just by reading |
| B．get anywhere in the world only by asking |
| C．make a trip around the world free of charge |
| D．actually possess everything in this world |
What is the most suitable title for this passage?
| A．Reading and traveling | B．Experiencing the world |
| C．Traveling with books | D．Gifts from reading |
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