第四部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The food we eat seems to have far-reaching effects on our health. Although science has made great steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to diet as well, especially cancer of the colon（结肠）. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that carcinogenic nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives(添加剂), caused cancer. Yet, these additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed（经过加工的）food are helpful or harmful. The additives, which we eat, are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin（青酶素） to beef and living animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes, similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial(财政的) reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration has tried repeatedly to control these behaviors, the practices continue.
41．What is the best possible title of the passage?
A．Drug and health B．Food and illness
C．food and culture D．Health and sc
ience
42．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Drugs are given to animals mostly for medical reasons.
B．Some of the additives in our food
are added directly to the food and some are given to living animals.
C．Researchers have realized the possible dangers of food additives for over sixty years.
D．Food may cause 40% of cancer in the world.
43．How has science done something harmful to mankind?
A．Because of science, diseases caused by contaminated（被污染的）food have been actually reduced.
B．It has caused a lack of information concerning the food.
C．Because of the application of science, some potentially(潜在的) harmful substances（物质）have been added to food.
D．It causes the animals to become fatter.
44．The government tries to
A．control the market price of food
B．stop the farmers from giving drugs to animals to make more money.
C．get rid of the addictives from the packaged food.
D．use no medicine on the animals
It is a wonderful morning, as I write this: hot, but without being too hot．Outside my window, I can see the sunniest sky of the year reflected in a huge natural expand of water．It is the kind of sun that makes you well aware of summer's temporary nature a reminder that if I am ever to go around to book this year's holiday, time is running out．
It is now close to four years since I last took a holiday．This is because I have come to the conclusion, over the course of my adult life, that I am not very good at it．You might say this sounds like saying you are not very good at drinking tea or listening to music．What could possibly be difficult about the natural act of putting your working life on hold for a couple of weeks and going somewhere to do nothing?
So what is my problem? On the surface, I'm probably a bit of homebody．And I just find the pressure of being on holiday too severe: it always feels like having a gun held to my head and being forced to have fun．Somehow, packing a carefully itemized（详细列举的）list of possessions and meeting a scheduled flight has none of the excitement of suddenly deciding to take a day off and driving somewhere for the fun of it．
Thankfully, I am not alone． This summer, most of my friends have decided not to have a break． And a recent survey highlighted the downside（负面）of holidays, with the results showing that nearly two thirds of people found that the calming effects of a holiday wore off within 24 hours, as stress levels returned to normal．And this year's the Idler magazine published its hook, Awful Holidays．Here you will find a list of the five most ecologically-damaging vacations it's possible to take, along with 50 horrible holidays experiences voted for on the idler website． Over the last decade, The Idler has become well known for promoting the idea of an easy, lazy life．The leisure（休闲）industry might seem an unlikely target of its criticism, but Dan Kienan, the book ' s editor, says that he was flooded with entries from readers for his list of awful holidays．According to the first paragraph we can know that the writer ．
| A．has a strong desire to book a holiday |
| B．wishes that the weather would change |
| C．finds it is too late to enjoy the sunshine |
| D．realizes it's time to decide whether to go on a holiday |
The reason why the writer dislikes going on holidays is that ．
| A．it usually costs too much money |
| B．he is tired of making preparations too much for holidays |
| C．it is far less enjoyable than breaks planned in advance |
| D．he feels embarrassed when other people are having fun but he isn't |
We can learn from the survey that ．
| A．most people pretend to enjoy their holiday |
| B．all people fail to relax while they are on holiday |
| C．a lot of people feel that the benefits of going on holidays are limited |
| D．many people have made the same decision as the writer and most of his friends |
The writer takes the book of Awful Holidays as an example to ．
| A．damage the reputation of the magazine |
| B．prove the idea of living an easy, lazy life to be wrong |
| C．indicate that his dislike of holidays is widely shared |
| D．focus entirely on bad personal experiences of holidays |
Federal Child Labor Standards for Teenagers
Teenage labor in the United States
Federal Law sets child labor standards affecting teenage workers in the private companies and in federal, state, and local governments.
How can injuries be prevented?
Demand Training
Insist on adequate supervision（监督）and easy access to a supervisor at all times．
Demand sufficient training on equipment and chemicals you are required to use．Refuse to use unknown materials or machinery that is broken or improperly set up．
Wear protective equipment
Always use whatever protective equipment is supplied．Protective clothing includes non-slip shoes, gloves and other specific job-related protective gear．
Request reasonable protective equipment if it is not provided automatically．
Know your environment
Ask about workplace hazards and precautions（预防措施）that can help prevent injuries．
Workplace hazards are objects and situations present at your job that could potentially hurt you．Recognize safety hazards such as slippery floors, unsafe ladders, sharp knives, and heavy lifting．
Know the law
Learn about federal and state laws governing employment for teenagers and make you’re your supervisor enforces them．
How many working hours are allowed?
Teenagers （ages 14-15） may total no more than
■3 hours on a school day．
■18 hours in a school week．（A school week is any week in which school attendance is required for any part of four or more days．）
■8 hours on a non-school day．
■40 hours m a non-school week．
What are the responsibilities?
Employers and employees share the responsibility for keeping the workplace safe and healthy．As a teenage worker, you can do your part by taking these steps:
■Follow rules．
■Use safety equipment．
■Keep your work area clean．
■Report all injuries．
■Inform a supervisor if you feel sick．
■Report safety problems．If a teenager is asked to work with equipment out of order, he or she should _．
| A．demand enough training | B．refuse to work with the equipment |
| C．ignore the instructions on the machine | D．ask for necessary protective tools |
All of these are examples of workplace hazards EXCEPT .
| A．sharp knives | B．heavy lifting |
| C．slippery floors | D．steady ladders |
According to the passage, which of the following should a teenage worker do in the workplace?
| A．Depend on his own in any case． |
| B．Deal with his injuries himself． |
| C．Contact a supervisor when feeling uncomfortable． |
| D．Use any tool in hand． |
Picture the scene: the battery on your mobile phone has run out． You can't make any calls for help and no one can contact you． You are all alone - well, not quite． Just reach into your pocket and take out a piece of sugar．Put it into the battery, wait a minute, and you're back on the phone．
Thanks to a couple of American scientists, this situation could become real．Swadesh Chaudhuri and Derek Lovely have invented the"bacteria battery" - powered by bacteria that eats sugar and turns it into electricity．
"This is a special organism," Lovely said．"You can harvest enough electricity to power a cell phone battery for about four days from a spoonful of sugar．"
In the past, bacteria batteries have been expensive and not long-lasting． But this battery uses more efficient bacteria that can turn 80 percent of sugar into electrical energy． This is 30 percent more than similar batteries can manage．
The bacteria battery could become as small as a household battery． It's also cheap and stable, as sugar can be taken from waste and crops．
But the sugar to electricity process is slow: it could take weeks for the bacteria to digest a cup of sugar．And it produces "greenhouse" gases which pollute the environment．
The scientists understand there is a lot more work to be done． "It is still young," said Lovely．"Where we are now is where solar power was 200r 30 years ago．"
But he believes the battery could be used in scientific equipment at the bottom of the ocean．Other ideas include using sugar in the blood to run medical devices in the human body, and taking sugar from animal waste to provide energy to power homes in rural areas．This passage is mainly about_ ．
| A．how to change sugar into electricity |
| B．a scientific invention of a new kind of bacteria battery |
| C．a new way to reduce pollution caused by mobile phones |
| D．a new kind of mobile phones and its future |
Which of the following is not the strong point of the newly-developed battery?
| A．Convenient． | B．Stable． | C．Inexpensive． | D．Quick． |
The underlined sentence in the 7th paragraph actually means ．
| A．the bacteria battery shares some similarities with solar energy |
| B．scientists will continue their work until they find solar power |
| C．there is much room for the improvement of the bacteria battery |
| D．the bacteria battery will get popular in 20 0r 30 years |
According to the passage, who will find the bacteria battery less useful?
| A．Farmers． | B．Divers． | C．Doctors． | D．Electricians． |
Woman Uses Daughter's Key to "Steal" Car
Charlie Vansant, a college student of Athens, Ohio who reported that his car was stolen, got a surprise when he learned a woman had mistaken it for her daughter's car and taken it－using her key．
Kate Anderson became an accidental car thief when picking up her daughter's car near an Ohio University building last week．Anderson spotted the nickel-~ay Toyota Camry（银灰色丰田凯美瑞）and used her daughter's key to unlock the car, start the engine and drive home-without realizing that the car wasn't her daughter's．
When Charlie Vansant left class a short time later, he found only an empty parking spot．He first assumed the car had been towed, but when the police couldn't find a record of it, they took a theft report．
The morning after Anderson took the car, her daughter discovered the Camry in the driveway wasn't hers．Anderson said she was able to find Vansant's name on paperwork in the glove compartment and look up his phone number on the website for the university．
When Anderson told Charlie the car was in her driveway, "It sounded real suspicious at first, like may be she wanted to hold the thing for ransom（赎金）,”said Vansant．He eventually went to the house with a police officer, where he was reunited with his car．According to police report, the ease was closed "because of mistaken car identity", Anderson wasn't charged．
Vansant seemed to blame the car company more than the "thief"．"Her key fit not only my lock, but my ignition（点火装置）as well - so high-five for Toyota．I guess．" he said．What does the underlined word "towed" mean in paragraph 3 ?
| A．removed | B．damaged | C．stolen | D．sold |
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
| A．Mrs．Anderson's daughter discovered the car her mother drove was not hers． |
| B．Mrs．Anderson stole Charlie's car at the request of her daughter． |
| C．Charlie had thought he had to give Anderson money to get his car back． |
| D．Mrs．Anderson used her daughter's key to unlock Charlie's car and drive home． |
What does Charlie mean by "h~-five for Toyota"?
| A．He is blaming Toyota for the poor quality of car keys． |
| B．He should thank Toyota for returning his car． |
| C．He wants to celebrate with Toyota for getting his car back． |
| D．He thinks highly of Toyota for producing large quantities of cars． |
What is likely to happen next according to the passage?
| A．Mrs．Anderson was charged with stealing a car． |
| B．Charlie blamed Mrs．Anderson for mistakenly taking his car． |
| C．Charlie would ask the Toyota Company to give him an explanation． |
| D．The Toyota Company would give Charlie a new car as compensation． |
American researchers say drinking tea may help strengthen the body’s defense system against infection. Doctors at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, did the study. The team studied a chemical found in black, green, oolong and pekoe tea. This chemical is an amino acid(氨基酸) called L-theanine. The scientists say it may increase the strength of gamma delta T cells. That’s the letter T, not the drink. Gamma delta T cells are part of the body’s defense.
First, the researchers mixed some of these cells with antigens（抗原）found in the amino acid. Antigens help the body react to infection. Then the scientists added some bacteria. Within twenty-four hours, the cells produced a lot of interferon, a substance that fights infection. Cells not mixed with the antigens did not produce interferon (抗干扰素).
In the second part of the study, eleven people drank five to six cups of black tea every day. Ten other people drank the same amount of instant coffee. That is dried coffee mixed with hot water.
Two weeks later, and again two weeks after that, the researchers tested the blood of all twenty-one people. They also looked at what happened when they added bacteria to the blood cells. They found that the tea drinkers produced five times more interferon after they started drinking tea. The coffee drinkers did not produce interferon.
Doctor Jack Bukowski led the study. He says the antigens added to the gamma delta T cells were responsible for the increased reaction to the bacteria. He says that the study also showed that the cells were able to remember the bacteria and fight them again the next time.
Earlier research already has found that tea can help prevent heart disease and cancer. Doctor Bukowski says the new study must be repeated by more people. “If the findings prove to be true,” he says, “then tea drinking might also help protect against bacterial infections.” He says the amino acid L-theanine could be removed from the tea and used as a drug to strengthen the body’s defenses.We may know from the text that _________ can be found in different kinds of tea.
| A．L-theanine | B．Gamma delta T cells |
| C．interferon | D．bacteria |
Tea may help strengthen the body’s defense system because it helps _________.
| A．to add some bacteria to the blood cells |
| B．the body to produce more gamma delta T cells |
| C．the body to produce more interferon |
| D．to mix antigens with some of the cells in the body |
According to Dr Bukowski, _________.
| A．the findings of the study have already proved to be true |
| B．further study is needed to prove the findings true |
| C．he has taken some amino acid L-theanine from tea and made a drug with it |
| D．he is not sure whether tea help prevent heart disease and cancer |
What would be the best title for this text?
| A．Tea Is Better than Coffee | B．Our Body Needs Tea |
| C．Tea Can Help Prevent Cancer | D．Tea May Help Fight Infection |
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