阅读下面的短文，然后从A-F选项中，为每一小段选择合适的标题, 并把答案写在答案卷上。
| A. The most common problem is a “wandering” mind B. Selective listening is also a mental barrier C. Listening isn’t an easy skill to master D. Attitude can also influence good listening E. Noise and background music makes listening more difficult F. Listening is also related to the level of the listener’s knowledge |
_____________
Listening is not as easy as someone thought. Even good listeners may recall only fifty percent of what they hear. Retention, the ability to remember and recall information, decreases about twenty to twenty-five percent after a few days. So no matter how well you listen in class, you’re always going to have to refresh your memory before a test! Unfortunately, many people have poor listening habits, and little listening training. To improve your listening skills, it’s important to understand what causes poor listening.___________
If you find it difficult to concentrate solely on what a speaker is saying, there’s a good reason. The mind processes information much faster than a speaker can speak. The brain can process over 500 words per minute, while the average speaker talks at a rate of 124 to 250 words per minute. That means the mind can hear what’s being said and can think about something else at the same time.____________
If you have a negative idea about the speaker or the topic, you’ll find it difficult to listen attentively. Hostile or captive audiences often have more difficultly listening than do favorable or voluntary ones.____________
If a speaker speaks “above the heads” of an audience, people find it difficult to concentrate. Speakers who use unfamiliar words or who use incomplete explanations make it more difficult to listen. Speakers who “speak down” to audiences, failing to acknowledge what the audience already knows, also create mental blocks.___________
When people listen selectively, they simply block out what they don’t want to hear. For instance, many people have habits that are dangerous to their health, like smoking. However, they often choose to block out what a speaker says about health risks. They may listen to a speech and think that the speaker’s message applies to other people, not them. In other words, they hear what they want to hear and ignore what they don’t want to hear.
It is not easy to find true friends．Even if you’ve connected with someone，how do you really know he is a true friend？And often you will find that someone who you thought you could trust may have let you down．There are ways you can know if a friendship is true and how you can hold onto that friend．
Generally speaking，a true friend is someone who will be there for you no matter what happens．They will stand by you through bad and good times．They will accept you for who you are without trying to change you，and they will be there to help you grow in new ways．
A true friend will keep you secrets for you trust him．They will be honest and be someone you can depend on．They will listen and be someone you can talk things over with，even if they may not have advice to share with you．
However，friendship is a two-way street．To find true friends and keep them，you must in turn be the same as well．Be there for them in their hard times and share the good times with them．Be someone your friends can depend on as well and offer them the same thing they give to you．A friendship will fall apart fast if only one person is giving and putting all the effort．If you are the only one making an effort，be honest and it works．
Actually，there will be barriers in the road but that is the test of true friendship．If it can survive those barriers，it will be stronger and better than ever．Just as St Thomas Aquinas put it，“There is nothing on this earth more prized than friendship．”
任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
Blood donation, also called blood banking, is a wonderful thing to do. It is an easy and direct way to contribute to social work and help the community. It helps to save lives and helps those who are in need of blood due to bad condition or the heavy loss of blood during operations or in accidents.
You are able to give or donate blood every three or four month, and it is a great way to make a huge difference to someone’s life and you can always be proud of it after making valuable contributions to society. Blood donation is not a big problem, but you need to keep a few points in mind.
Before donating blood, make sure that the ferrum (铁) level in your body is high enough and for that you should take a healthy diet. Do not go for blood donation on an empty stomach. You should follow the correct process so that everything goes well. After having a balanced diet you will feel strong and comfortable to donate blood. Afterwards, you will not feel faint or weak.
For required hemoglobin (血红蛋白) in your body, drink lots of juice and other drinks. Fruit juice, such as apple juice is very good for increasing the blood level in your body.
For a good blood flow in your body, drink at least 6-7 glasses of water every day. Completely avoid a day before and after giving blood, taking alcohol (酒). Do not smoke half an hour before giving blood.
When you are going for blood donation, be relaxed, which helps keep the right blood pressure. During the blood donation activity, take a deep breath and try to calm yourself. Don’t join in some other activities.
When you donate blood, you are making the effort to save someone’s life. Blood donation is a very simple and fast process, but you need to take care of yourself after donating blood. Proper care helps to reduce side effects. The following are a few tips that will help you out.
Take a rest for 15 minutes after the donation. It helps you to feel relaxed.
Eat something and drink juice before leaving the blood donation centre. Make sure that you have meals after donating blood. Smoking should be avoided for one hour after the process. Avoid some activities right away, for example, driving.
Finally, be proud of yourself because you have done a great thing in helping to save someone’s life. Blood donation is a very important activity.
| Title |
Blood donation — an important activity |
| The |
• • Helping those people who suffer the loss of |
| • Take a healthy • Drink fruit juice for enough hemoglobin. • Drink at least 6-7 glasses of water daily for a good • |
|
| During the donation |
• Relax and breathe deeply • Never take |
| After the donation |
• Take a rest. • Don’t skip • Don’t smoke until one hour later. • Don’t join in some activities like driving |
任务型阅读（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在文后第1至第10小题的空格里填上适当的单词。注意：每空1个单词。
The back-to-school season is upon us, and once again, parents across the country have loaded their kids’ backpacks up with snack packs and school supplies. It’s a good moment to reflect on what else we should be giving our kids as they head off to school.
American parents are feeling particularly anxious about that question this year. The educational process feels more than ever like a race, one that starts in pre-school and doesn’t end until your child is admitted to the perfect college. Most parents are more worried than they need to be about their children’s grades, test scores and IQ. And what we don’t think about enough is how to help our children build their character—how to help them develop skills like perseverance, optimism, responsibility, and self-control, which together do more to determine success than S.A.T. scores or I.Q.
There is growing evidence that our anxiety about our children’s school performance may actually be holding them back from learning some of these valuable skills. If you’re concerned only with a child’s G.P.A., then you will likely choose to minimize the challenges the child faces in school. With real challenge comes the risk of real failure. And in a competitive academic environment, the idea of failure can be very scary, to students and parents alike.
But experiencing failure is a critical part of building character. Recent research by a team of psychologists found that adults who had experienced little or no failure growing up were actually less happy and confident than those who had experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood. “Overcoming those obstacles,” the researchers assumed, “could teach effective coping skills, help engage social support networks, create a sense of mastery over past adversity, and foster beliefs in the ability to cope successfully in the future.”
By contrast, when we protect our children from every possible failure—when we call their teachers to get an extension on a paper; when we urge them to choose only those subjects they’re good at—we are denying them those same character-building experiences. As the psychologists Madeline Levine and Dan Kindlon have written, that can lead to difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood, when overprotected young people finally confront real problems on their own and don’t know how to overcome them.
In the classroom and outside of it, American parents need to encourage children to take chances, to challenge themselves, to risk failure. In the meantime, giving our kids room to fail may be one of the best ways we can help them succeed.
| Back to School: Why Perseverance Is More Important than Good Grades? |
|
| Common phenomena |
☺Parents throughout America |
| ☺Many American parents don’t |
|
| The writer’s |
Parents should pay more attention to their kids’ character building. |
| Evidence and |
☺Parents’ anxiety about their kids’ performance may |
| ☺Parents concerned only with a kid’s G.P.A. have a |
|
| ☺Adults who have experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood are |
|
| ☺Denying kids character-building experiences can |
|
| The writer’s suggestions |
☺ |
| ☺Give kids room to experience |
Section B (10 marks)
Directions： Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information for the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.
When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not？
Why Difficult？
When we wrong someone we know，even not intentionally，we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders，the circumstances are different. The act of apology is carried out not only at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart，or it can be stupid. So，readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness. A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony—while an apology that is too little，too late，or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin. What，then，is to be done？How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly？
Why Now？
The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent. During the last decade or so，the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. More articles，cartoons，advice columns，and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies.
Why Bother？
Why do we apologize？Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult，embarrassing，and even risky？Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind，their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly，then，leaders should not apologize often or lightly. For a leader to express apology，there needs to be a good，strong reason. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.
Why Refuse？
Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize，even when a public apology seems to be in order？Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures，their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky. Leaders may also be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations，as we shall see，but it is a high-risk strategy.
―→·Public apology is much more than a(an) act.
·It’s no job to strike a balance between apologizing or not.
·Apologies not offered can bring on individual and institutional ruin.
Why has the issue of public apology been so now in USA?―→ ·In an
， admission of all sorts of wrongdoings is more required than before.
·The of public apologies has been widely reported in the mass media.
―→ ·Being public figures， leaders are supposed to appear .
·There needs to be a sufficient reason for a leader to in public.―→ ·Making apologies is likely to be personally uncomfortable and
.
·Admission of a mistake or wrongdoing will probably do to their organization.
短文填空，从方框中选择正确的选项，将其字母标号填在文后横线上，完成短文。（选项中有两个是多余选项）（每空1分，计10分）
| A. usually B. mistakes C. rest D. hundred E. what F. making G. although H. under I. They J. thinks K. fly L. how |
Every morning, kids from a high school are working hard. They are and selling special coffee at a coffee shop. They are also making a lot of money.
These students can make up to nine dollars a day. They are selling their special coffee to airplane passengers. After the students get paid, the
of the money goes to a local youth project.
These high school students use a space in the Oakland airport. It is very crowded(拥挤的). Many people who
on the planes like to drink the special coffee.
One customer(顾客) that the coffee costs a lot but it is good and worth it. Most customers are pleasant but some are unhappy.
do not like it if the coffee shop is not open for business.
The students earn $ 6.10 an hour. They also get school credit(学分) while they learn to run a business. Many of the students enjoy the work
it took some time to learn how to do it.
They have to learn how to heat milk, load the pots, and add flavor. It takes some skill and sometimes are made. The most common mistake is forgetting to add the coffee.
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