第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）阅

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更新 2022-09-03
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第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Here's a new warning from health experts: Sitting is deadly．Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for prolonged periods — even if you also exercise regularly — could be   36 for your health．And it doesn't matter where the sitting takes place — at the office, at school, in the car or before a computer or TV — just the overall number of hours it   37  ．
Research is preliminary, but several studies   38 people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die．
In an editorial   39 this week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, Elin Ekblom-Bak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define   40 activity to highlight the dangers of sitting．
While health officials have issued guidelines   41 minimum amounts of physical activity, they haven't suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated   42 ．
"After four hours of sitting, the body starts to send   43 signals," Ekblom-Bak said．She explained that genes regulating the amount of glucoseand fat in the   44 start to shut down．
Even for people who   45   , spending long stretches of time sitting at a desk is still harmful．Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day —   46 still spend a lot of time sitting — might get more benefit if that exercise were spread across the day,    47 in a single bout．
That wasn't   48 news for Aytekin Can, 31, who works at a London financial company, and spends most of his days sitting    49   a computer．Several evenings a week, Can also teaches jiu jitsu, a Japanese martial art 50 wrestling, and also does Thai boxing．
"I'm sure there are some detrimental   51 of staying still for too long, but I hope that being   52 when I can helps," he said．"I wouldn't want to think the sitting could be   53 dangerous．"
Still, in a study published last year that tracked more than 17,000 Canadians for about a dozen years, researchers found people who sat   54 had a higher death risk, independently of whether or not they exercised．
Figures from a US survey in 2003-2004 found Americans spend more than half their time sitting, from working at their desks to sitting in cars．
Experts said more research is needed to    55 just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset those effects．
36．A．bad         B．good        C．mean              D．dead
37．A．does           B．occurs      C．matches           D．dies
38．A．advise         B．talk     C．suggest           D．say
39．A．thrown       B．caught     C．seen                D．published
40．A．biological       B．physical C．psychological     D．logical
41．A．commending B．mending C．recommending        D．communicating
42．A．stand          B．state           C．post             D．position
43．A．harmful      B．careful     C．wonderful          D．skillful
44．A．head           B．arm     C．body               D．foot
45．A．sleep          B．rest      C．walk               D．exercise
46．A．and         B．so        C．but              D．then
47．A．rather than      B．other than C．more than         D．less than
48．A．bad         B．harmful C．disadvantage       D．welcome
49．A．behind        B．back        C．in front of          D．forward
50．A．referring     B．involving C．taking              D．bringing
51．A．effects        B．prefects    C．affects            D．offers
52．A．inactive      B．active      C．interactive          D．positive
53．A．such           B．little        C．lot               D．that
54．A．less         B．fewer       C．more              D．further
55．A．leave out     B．bring out C．hold out          D．figure out

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A friend of mine met with an accident driving in darkness. His legs were so hurt that he couldn’t move. What was the __36__ was he found himself unable to ask for help-his mobile phone went out of __37__ as a result of exhausted battery. Nothing could be done but to __38__ in cold wilderness. It was 8 hours later that day broke, and then the __39__ of the rescue.
It is almost __40__ that he could stand the horror in the darkness for so long. Even more surprising was his __41__: “First of all I checked up my __42__ conditions and found myself not in fatal danger. As there was no __43__ to call for help, I leaned back in my seat trying my best to keep the wound from __44__. In this way I dozed (打盹) off.”
His story put an end to my regret for the __45__ of an exploration adventure that happened last year. A group of young men __46__ to explore a mountain cave and got lost. __47__ to find a way out in the dark cave they were frightened and ran anxiously without a sense of __48__. Finally they fell dead in fear and exhaustion. According to the __49__ people that found them, the place where they got lost was only about 10 meters away from the __50__ of the cave. If they stayed on the spot when they lost their way and tried to __51__ themselves, they would probably sense a faint light glimmering (闪烁) not far away.
Don’t you think that you can compare it with __52__ itself? When you meet with obstacles in life and work, you are lost in darkness. __53__ you it’s unclear yet and you needn’t put up struggle __54__. It seems to be a negative attitude, __55__ a person who can afford to do so must have foresight as well as a great courage in the first place.
36.A.hopeless B.worst   C.more    D.best
37.A.service   B.way     C.order   D.work
38.A.cry B.lie       C.wait     D.sleep
39.A.delay      B.success C.team    D.arrival
40.A.untrue    B.unimaginable      C.true     D.useless
41.A.plan       B.decision      C.explanation D.excuse
42.A.physical B.mental C.working      D.medical
43.A.method   B.way     C.alternative   D.strength
44.A.rotting    B.spreading    C.hurting D.bleeding
45.A.loss B.failure C.disappointment   D.sadness
46.A.had B.managed     C.tried    D.planned
47.A.Willing B.Unable C.Determined D.Deciding
48.A.hearing   B.sight    C.feeling D.direction
49.A.rescue    B.village C.local    D.brave
50.A.end B.top      C.opening       D.side
51.A.save       B.help     C.stop     D.calm
52.A.adventure      B.work    C.life      D.mankind
53.A.Mind      B.Watch C.Imagine      D.Warn
54.A.really     B.immediately       C.carefully     D.hopefully
55.A.and B.so C.but      D.while

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The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world’s great writers. Before   36    this question, it will be useful to introduce some   37  concepts. Conflict, 38   as opposition among social units-or individuals-directed against one another, is 39 from competition, which    40   opposition among social units   41  seeking to obtain something which is   42   inadequate supply. Competitors may not know about one another, which those who   43  in a conflict do. Conflict and competition are both   44   of opposition. The meaning of opposition has been stated as a process by which social unit function in the disservice of one another, opposition is   45  contrasted to cooperation, a   46   by which social units function in the service of one another. These   47   are necessary because it is important to emphasize that    competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited   48 , but conflict isn’t . Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur and is probably an essential and desirable   49  of human societies.
Many authors have 50 their arguments that war cannot be avoided on the idea that in the struggle for existence among groups of animals, only those which are best 51 remain alive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Those who fail in this competition 52 starve
to death or are 53 by other types of animals. This struggle for 54 is not similar to human war, but is like the competition of 55 for jobs, markets, and materials. The most important quality of this struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are not enough to satisfy all.
36.A.considering    B.solving C.answering    D.saying
37.A.related    B.used     C.translated    D.sacred
38.A.specified B.remarked     C.defined       D.claimed
39.A.variable B.distinguished      C.various D.isolated
40.A.acknowledged       B.denies C.assumes       D.means
41.A.critically B.approximately     C.independently     D.costly
42.A.on   B.for       C.with     D.in
43.A.enter      B.participate   C.fall      D.involve
44.A.formations     B.classes C.terms   D.reactions
45.A.nevertheless   B.however      C.thus     D.maybe
46.A.procession     B.standard      C.process D.measurement
47.A.accounts B.definitions   C.descriptions D.explanations
48.A.resources       B.origins C.sources D.materials
49.A.matter    B.element       C.event   D.coincidence
50.A.concentrated B.fixed    C.centered      D.based
51.A.encouraged    B.accepted      C.adapted       D.adopted
52.A.not only B.either   C.neither D.both
53.A.killed     B.raised   C.fired    D.surrounded
54.A.resistence       B.privilege     C.favour D.employment
55.A.workers B.officials      C.individuals D.residents

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Hidden passengers traveling in ships, trams, or even cars can be a terrible trouble— especially when they are insects. As for this, there is a great ___36___ between human beings; and insects. The former ___37___ every possible effort to avoid being discovered, while the latter quickly ___38___ attention to themselves.
We can only show mercy to the ___39___ man who had to slop his car soon after ___40___ from a country village to drive to London. Hearing a strange noise from the ___41___of the car, he naturally got out to ___42___ the wheels carefully, but he found nothing wrong, so he ___43___ his way. Again the noise began, ___44___ and became even louder. Quickly ___45___ his head, the man saw what appeared to be a great ___46___ cloud following the car. When he stopped at a village further on, he was told that a queen bee must be hidden in his car as there were thousands of bees ___47___.
On learning this, the man drove away .as quickly as possible. After an hour’s ___48___ driving, he arrived safely in London, where he parked his car outside a ___49___ and went in- It was not long ___50___ a customer who had seen him arrive ___51___ in to inform him that his car was ___52___ with bees. The poor driver was ___53___ that the best way should be to call a ___54___. In a short time the man arrived. He found the unwelcome passenger hidden near the wheels at the back. of the car. Very thankful to the driver for this ___55___ gift, the bee-keeper took the queen and her thousand of followers home in a large box.
36. A. connection   B. difference  C. communication D. similarity
37. A, doB. take   C. make D. try
38. A. give     B. keep     C. pay      D. draw
39. A. unfortunate B. careless     C. unpleasant D. hopeless
40. A. passing by   B. leaving out   C. setting out    D. getting up
41. A. front    B. back     C. left      D. right
42. A. clean    B. change      C. test      D. examine
43. A. drove   B. continued C. pushed    D. forced
44. A. normally     B. gentlyC. actually     D. immediately
45. A. hiding B. turning      C. shaking     D. raising
46. A. black    B. beautiful   C. white D. colorful
47. A. below   B. ahead C. nearby      D. behind
48. A. boring B. careful      C. exciting     D. hard
49. A. hotel    B. museum    C. hospital     D. school
50. A. when    B. after  C. until  D. before
51. A. broke   B. moved      C. hurried      D. dropped
52. A. crowded      B. covered     C. filled D. equipped
53. A. advised B. required    C. ordered     D. requested
54. A. bee-keeper B. policeman    C. waiterD. repairman
55. A. unfamiliar   B. unknown   C. unexpectedD. uncertain

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In the summer vacation of 1997, I was fixed with a job. I worked as a(n) ___36___ at Mr. Breen’s fruit shop. The fruit shop did ___37___ business. Most of the trade came from the housewives who lived in the neighbourhood, ___38___ he also had regular customers who arrived outside the shop in cars. Mr Breen ___39___ them all by name and they sometimes even had their order already made up, always ___40___ me to carry it out to their car. They were clearly long-standing customers, and I ___41___ they must have stayed faithful to him ___42___ he had promised to sell good quality ___43___. He had a way with them—I had to ___44___ that. He called every woman “madam” for a start, ___45___ those who clearly were not, but when he ___46___ it, it did not sound like flattery (奉承). It just sounded ___47___ in an old-fashioned way. He was a great chatter ___48___. If he did not know them, he would greet them with a few ___49___ about the weather, ___50___ he did, he would ask about their families or make ___51___, always cutting his cloth ___52___ his customers. Whatever their bills came to, be ___53___ gave them back the few odd pence (零钱), and I am sure they thought he was very generous (慷慨). But I thought he was the opposite. He never ___54___ anything away. He was always looking for ___55___ for nothing.
36. A. operator      B. assistant     C. waiter D. secretary
37. A. good    B. poor   C. big     D. usual
38. A. so B. when C. therefore    D. but
39. A. sold     B. knew C. gave   D. sent
40. A. making B. letting C. getting       D. keeping
41. A. wish     B. insist   C. declare       D. suppose
42. A. when    B. if C. because      D. though
43. A. food     B. fruit    C. vegetables D. drink
44. A. admit   B. expect C. announce    D. promise
45. A. yet       B. only    C. just     D. even
46. A. told      B. said    C. spoke D. talked
47. A. serious B. strange       C. polite D. familiar
48. A. as well B. as usual      C. either D. also
49. A. sayings B. questions    C. words D. speeches
50. A. and then      B. and so C. even if       D. but if
51. A. preparations B. jokes   C. repairs       D. friends
52. A. according to B. due to C. instead of   D. up to
53. A. never   B. ever    C. seldom       D. always
54. A. took     B. moved       C. threw D. turned.
55. A. something    B. anything     C. somebody   D. anybody

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When I was thirteen, my family moved from Boston to Tucson, Arizona. ___36___ the move, my father ___37___ us in the living-room on a freezing January night. My sisters and I sat around the fire, not ___38___ that the universe would suddenly change its course. “In May, we’re ___39___to Arizona.”
The words, so small, didn’t seem ___40___ enough to hold my new life. But the world changed and I awoke on a tram moving across the country. I watched the ___41___ change from green trees to flat dusty plains to high mountains as I saw strange new plants that ___42___ mysteries(奥秘) yet to come. Finally, we arrived and ___43___ into own new home.
___44___ my older sisters were sad at the loss of friends, I ___45___ explored(探索) our new surroundings.
One afternoon, I was out exploring ___46___ and saw a new kind of cactus(仙人掌). I crouched (蹲) down for a closer look. “You’d better not ___47___ that.”
I turned around to see an old woman.
“Are you new lo this neighborhood?” I explained that I was, ___48___, new to the entire state.
“My name is Ina Thorne. Have you got used to life in the ___49___? It must be quite a ___50___ after living in Boston.”
How could I explain how I ___51___ the desert? I couldn’t seem to find the right words.
“It’s vastness,” she offered. “That vastness ___52___ you stand on the mountains overlooking the desert — you can ___53___ how little you are in comparison with the world. ___54___, you feel that the possibilities are limitless.”
That was it. That was the feeling I’d bad ever since I’d first seen the mountains of my new home. Again, my ___55___ would change with just a few simple words.
“Would you like to come to my home tomorrow? Someone should teach you which plant you should and shouldn’t touch.”
36. A. During B. Until   C. Upon D. Before
37. A. gathered      B. warned       C. organized   D. comforted
38. A. hoping B. admitting   C. realizing     D. believing
39. A. going   B. moving      C. driving       D. flying
40. A. good    B. simple C. big     D. proper
41. A. picture B. ground       C. sense   D. area
42. A. suggested     B. solved C. discovered D. explained
43. A. settled B. walked       C. hurried       D. stepped
44. A. If B. After   C. once   D. While
45. A. bitterly B. easily C. proudly      D. eagerly
46. A as well   B. as usual      C. fight away D. on time
47. A. move   B. dig     C. pull    D. touch
48. A. of course     B. in fact C. after all      D. at least
49. A. desert   B. city     C. state    D. country
50. A. luck     B. doubt C. shock D. danger
51. A. found   B. examined   C. watched     D. reached
52. A. why     B. when C. how    D. where
53. A. prove   B. guess C. sense   D. expect
54. A. However     B. Otherwise   C. Therefore   D. Meanwhile
55. A. idea     B. life     C. home D. family

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