DHisfirstfightwasfortheequalri

更新 2022-09-03
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His first fight was for the equal rights of black people in South Africa. Then, as the first black president he fought to unite the country and organize the government. Now Nelson Mandela has set his sights on a new enemy, AIDS.
On March 19 the 82-year-old, former president, hosted his second AIDS-awareness concert. He warned that 25 million people in Africa were already infected with the fatal disease.
Mandela was born in a small village in South Africa in 1918. He was adopted (收养) by the chief of his tribe (部族) and could have been a chief himself and lived a happy country life.
But he refused to be a chief when his people lived under racial discrimination ( 种族歧视). He decided to fight for equal rights for all the people in South Africa. Before 1990, under the country’s Racial Segregation Law (种族隔离法), colored and white people lived separately. Black people were treated unfairly even when taking a bus. Blacks had to stand at the back of the bus to make room for white people even when there were only a few of them on board.
For his opposition (反对) to the system Mandela was arrested (被捕) and spent 27 years in prison. He was freed in 1990 and become the president of the country after the first elections were held in which everyone could vote.
Mandela was not only a political fighter who attacked with speeches. He was also a trained boxer (拳击手) and fought in the ring when he was young.
“ Although I did not enjoy the violence of boxing, I was interested in how one moved one’s body to protect oneself, how one used a strategy both to attack and retreat (撤退),” he wrote in his autobiography.
As a skillful fighter, he chose music as his weapon against AIDS. He hopes to win another victory against AIDS.
52．Nelson Mandela succeeded in doing the following except _____.
A. winning the equal rights for the black people in South Africa
B. uniting South Africa
C. organizing a government in South Africa
D. controlling the spread of AIDS
53．If Nelson Mandela hadn’t fought against racial discrimination, he _____.
A. could easily have been the president of South Africa
B. could still have lived a happy life
C. could have been in a difficult situation
D. would have been an excellent boxer
54．It can be inferred that Nelson Mandela _____.
A. continues to help the black people with the political struggle
B. is taking a position in a music group
C. is taking on the world’s greatest fight against AIDS
D. is preparing for the next election of president
55．Which statement can best describe the life of Nelson Mandela?
A. Struggle is his life. B. Sports make his fame.
C. Fight for equal rights. D. Great fighter against government.

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I was in the middle of the Amazon （亚马逊） with my wife，who was there as a medical researcher．We flew on a small plane to a faraway village．We did not speak the local language，did not know the customs，and more often than not，did not entirely recognize the food．We could not have felt more foreign．

We were raised on books and computers，highways and cell phones，but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity．It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood．

Then one perfect Amazonian evening，with monkeys calling from beyond the village green，we played soccer．I am not good at soccer，but that evening it was wonderful．Everyone knew the rules．We all spoke the same language of passes and shots．We understood one another perfectly．As darkness came over the field and the match ended，the goal keeper，Juan，walked over to me and said in a matter﹣of﹣fact way，"In your home，do you have a moon too？" I was surprised．

After I explained to Juan that yes，we did have a moon and yes，it was very similar to his，I felt a sort of awe（敬畏） at the possibilities that existed in his world．In Juan's world，each village could have its own moon．In Juan's world，the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous．Anything was possible．

In our society，we know that Earth has only one moon．We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find．I can，from my computer at home，pull up satellite images of Juan's village．There are no more continents and no more moons to search for，little left to discover．At least it seems that way．

Yet，as I thought about Juan's question，I was not sure how much more we could really rule out．I am，in part，an ant biologist，so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown．How much，though？ How ignorant （无知的） are we？The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me．

I began collecting newspaper articles about new species，new monkey，new spider…，and on and on they appear．My drawer quickly filled．I began a second drawer for more general discoveries：new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species，four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach．The second drawer began to fill and as it did，I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there，not just species，but life that depends on things thought to be useless，life even without DNA．I started a third drawer for these big discoveries．It fills more slowly，but all the same，it fills．

In looking into the stories of biological discovery，I also began to find something else，a collection of scientists，usually brilliant，occasionally half﹣mad，who made the discoveries．Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see，but they pay more attention to them，and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion（穷尽），and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers．In looking for the stories of discovery，I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world．

We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover．We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms （生物），and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters．Yet，when something new turns up，more often than not，we do not even know its name．

（1）How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon？　　

A．	Out of place．
B．	Full of joy．
C．	Sleepy．
D．	Regretful．

（2）What made that Amazonian evening wonderful？　　

A．	He learned more about the local language．
B．	They had a nice conversation with each other．
C．	They understood each other while playing．
D．	He won the soccer game with the goal keeper．

（3）Why was the author surprised at Juan's question about the moon？　　

A．	The question was too straightforward．
B．	Juan knew so little about the world．
C．	The author didn't know how to answer．
D．	The author didn't think Juan was sincere．

（4）What was the author's initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles？　　

A．	To sort out what we have known．
B．	To deepen his research into Amazonians．
C．	To improve his reputation as a biologist．
D．	To learn more about local cultures．

（5）How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries？　　

A．	They shifted their viewpoints frequently．
B．	They followed other scientists closely．
C．	They often criticized their fellow scientists．
D．	They conducted in﹣depth and close studies．

（6）What could be the most suitable title for the passage？　　

A．	The Possible and the Impossible
B．	The Known and the Unknown
C．	The Civilized and the Uncivilized
D．	The Ignorant and the Intelligent

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For those who can stomach it，working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first，according to a study of meal timing and physical activity．

Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance．However，far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health．

To find out，British scientists conducted a study．They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men，whose lifestyles are，for better and worse，representative of those of most of us．They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic （新陈代谢的） rates and took samples （样品） of their blood and fat tissue．

Then，on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab，each man walked for an hour at an average speed that，in theory，should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel． Before one of these workouts，the men skipped breakfast， meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast（禁食）．On the other occasion，they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking．

Just before and an hour after each workout，the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue．

Then they compared the samples．There were considerable differences．Most obviously，the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten．As a result，they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first．On the other hand，they burned slightly more calories（卡路里）， on average，during the workout after breakfast than after fasting．

But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant，the researchers found Multiple genes behaved differently，depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking．Many of these genes produce proteins （蛋白质） that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin（胰岛素） levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health．These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted．

The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise，it may be wise to skip eating first．

（1）The underlined expression "stomach it" in Paragraph 1 most probably means " 　　"．

A．	digest the meal easily
B．	manage without breakfast
C．	decide wisely what to eat
D．	eat whatever is offered

（2）Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment？　　

A．	Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people．
B．	Their lack of exercise led to overweight．
C．	They could walk at an average speed．
D．	They had slow metabolic rates．

（3）What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise？　　

A．	They successfully lost weight．
B．	They consumed a bit more calories．
C．	They burned more fat on average．
D．	They displayed higher insulin levels．

（4）What could be learned from the research？　　

A．	A workout after breakfast improves gene performances．
B．	Too much workout often slows metabolic rates．
C．	Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise．
D．	Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health．

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Sometimes it's hard to let go．For many British people，that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country's past﹣age﹣old castles，splendid homes…and red phone boxes．

Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards（废品场），the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback．Adapted in imaginative ways，many have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes，cellphone repair shops or even defibrillator machines（除颤器）．

The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926．They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott，the architect of the Battersea Power Station in London．After becoming an important part of many British streets，the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s，with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards．

About that time，Tony Inglis' engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out．But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself，with the idea of repairing and selling them．He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings．

As Inglis and，later other businessmen，got to work，repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them．Today，they are once again a familiar sight，playing roles that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose．

In rural areas，where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive，the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role．Local organizations can adopt them for l pound，and install defibrillators to help in emergencies．

Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities．LoveFone，a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them，opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016．

The tiny shops made economic sense，according to Robert Kerr，a founder of LoveFone．He said that one of the boxes generated around ﹩13，500 in revenue a month and cost only about ﹩400 to rent．

Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last．"I like what they are to people，and I enjoy bringing things back，" he said．

（1）The phone boxes are making a comeback 　　．

A．	to form a beautiful sight of the city
B．	to improve telecommunications services
C．	to remind people of a historical period
D．	to meet the requirement of green economy

（2）Why did the phone boxes begin to go out of service in the 1980s？　　

A．	They were not well﹣designed．
B．	They provided bad services．
C．	They had too short a history．
D．	They lost to new technologies．

（3）The phone boxes are becoming popular mainly because of 　　．

A．	their new appearance and lower prices
B．	the push of the local organizations
C．	their changed roles and functions
D．	the big funding of the businessmen

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Some important dates in China's fighting Covid﹣19 before May 7，202
Jan 20，2020～ Feb 20，2020	Jan 23：Wuhan declared temporary outbound （向外的） traffic restrictions． Jan 24：National medical teams began to be sent to Hubei and wuhan． Jan 27：The Central Steering （指导） Group arrived in Wuhan． Feb 18：The daily number of newly cured and discharged （出院） patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed cases．
Feb 21，2020～ Mar 17，2020	Feb 21：Most provinces and equivalent administrative units started to lower their public health emergency response level． Feb 24：The WHO﹣China Joint Mission on Covid﹣19 held a press conference in Beijing． Mar 11﹣17：The epidemic（流行病） peak had passed in China as a whole．
Mar 18，2020 ～Apr 28，2020	Apr1：Chinese customs began NAT （核酸检测） on inbound arrivals at all points of entry． Apr 8：Wuhan lifted outbound traffic restrictions． Apr 26：The last Covid﹣19 patient in Wuhan was discharged from hospital．
Apr 29，2020～ May 7，2020	Apr 30：The public health emergency response was lowered to Level 2 in the Beijing﹣Tianjin﹣Hebei region． May 7：The State Council released Guidelines on Conducting Covid﹣19 Prevention and Control on an Ongoing Basis．

（1）What happened between January 20 and February 20？　　

A．	The Central Steering Group arrived in Wuhan．
B．	The WHO﹣China Joint Mission on Covid﹣19 held a press conference．
C．	The last Covid﹣19 patient in Wuhan was discharged from hospital．
D．	Beijing lowered its emergency response level．

（2）From which date were private cars allowed to go out of Wuhan？　　

A．	January 23．
B．	March 11．
C．	April 8．
D．	May 7．

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阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文.

The Meredith family lived in a small community.As the economy was in decline，some people in the town had lost their jobs.Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet.People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.

Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman.She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.She knew they had problems，and they needed all kinds of help.When she had time，she would bring food and medicine to them.

One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before.There was a man sick in bed，his wife，who took care of him and could not go out to work，and their little boy.The little boy ﹣ his name was Bernard ﹣ had interested her very much.

"I wish you could see him，" she said to her own children，John，Harry，and Clara."He is such a help to his mother.He wants very much to earn some money，but I don't see what he can do."

After their mother left the room，the children sat thinking about Bernard."I wish we could help him to earn money，" said Clara. "His family is suffering so much."

"So do I，" said Harry."We really should do something to assist them."

For some moments，John said nothing，but，suddenly，he sprang to his feet and cried，"I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish（完成）."

The other children also jumped up all attention.When John had an idea，it was sure to be a good one."I tell you what we can do，" said John."You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us？Well，we can make popcorn（爆米花），and put it into paper bags，and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it."

注意：

1. 续写词数应为150左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.

When Mrs.Meredith heard of John's idea，she thought it was a good one，too.__________

With everything ready，Bernard started out on his new business.__________

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