Ⅳ 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
A
The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit-card fraud．Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal Website. Websites offering cheap goods and services should be regarded with card．On line, shoppers who enter their credit-card information may never receive the goods they thought they bought.
The thieves then go shopping with your card number — or sell the information over the Internet. Computer hackers have broken down security system, raise questions about the safety of card-holder information.
Several months ago, 25,000 customers of CD universe, an on-line music retailer (零售商), were not lucky. Their names, addresses and credit-card numbers were posted on a Website after the retailer refused to pay US ＄157,828 to get back the information.
Credit-card firms are now fighting against on-line fraud．Master-card is working on plans for Web-only credit-card, with a lower credit limit. The card could be used only for shopping on-line. However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated.
Ask about your credit-card firm’s on-line rules: Under British law, cardholders are responsible for the first US ＄78 of any fraudulent spending.
And shop only at secure sites: Send your credit-card information only if the Website offers advanced secure system.
If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom right-hand corner of your screen. The Website address may also start the extra “s” stands for secure. If in doubt, give your credit-card information over the telephone.
Keep your password safe: Most on-line sites require a user name and password before placing an order. Treat your password with care.
56．The underlined word “fraud” in the first paragraph probably means _____.
A．cheating B．sale C．payment D．use
57．Thieves usually get the information of the credit-card _____.
A．because many customers lost their cards
B．by paying money for people working in the information companies
C．because of the carelessness of the customers
D．by stealing the information from Websites
58．The best title for the passage might be _____.
A．How to Beat On-line Credit-card Thieves
B．How to Shop on the Internet
C．Never Use Credit Cards without an Advanced Computer
D．Why Thieves Steal Credit-Card Information
In today's world of cell phones, mini laptops and MP3 players, most people have at least one time-telling tool with them. Since these devices are so common, is time running out for the 500-year-old watch? According to some consumers, yes. New Jersey teenager Charlie Wollman says a watch is "an extra piece of equipment with no necessary function." Many young adults agree ─ and use their cell phones to tell time. Louis Galie, a senior vice president at Timex, said that fewer young people wear watches today than five years ago. As a result, some people claim that the watch industry is at a crossroads.
However, watchmakers optimistically say that watches regain popularity when consumers reach their 20s and 30s. By then, they are willing to spend money on a quality timepiece that doesn't just keep good time. Fifty years ago, watchmakers boasted(自夸) about their products' accuracy. But in recent years, the watch industry has transformed itself into an accessory(附件，配件) business. And for many today, the image(外形) a watch communicates has become more important than the time it tells.
"Complications" ─ features that go beyond simple timekeeping ─ are an important part of a watch's image. Today's watches offer a host of features that suit almost any personality. These features include altitude trackers(追踪器), compasses(指南针), lunar calendars, USB drives, and even devices that measure the effectiveness of golf swings!
Creativity is also a key element in today's watches. For example, Japanese watchmaker Tokyoflash makes watches that don't even look like watches. The company's popular Shinshoku model uses different color lights to tell the time. It looks more like a futuristic bracelet(手镯) than a watch. Another Japanese watchmaker, EleeNo, makes a "handless" watch. Using a ring of circles to keep time, this watch makes an excellent conversation piece.
Whether a watch communicates fashion sense, creative flair or a love of sports, consumers want their timepieces to stand out. Nowadays, everyone has the same kind of gadget in their bags, so people want to make a statement with what's on their wrists(手腕). Will this interest in wrist fashion last? Only time will tell!Why aren’t watches popular with young people as before?
| A．Because watches cannot keep good time as cell phones, mini laptops and MP3 players. |
| B．Because watches are featured by the disadvantages of simple function |
| C．Because watches are too expensive to afford. |
| D．Because watches don’t have beautiful appearance as other modern time telling tools. |
What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?
| A．Watching-making is facing a survival crisis challenge. |
| B．Watching-making is faced with the developing opportunity. |
| C．Watching-making becomes the sun rising industry. |
| D．Watching-making has a specific development target. |
It can be implied that ____________________.
| A．people will gradually lose interest in watches as they grow older |
| B．watchmakers hardly change the development strategy for watches |
| C．today’s watches are better than those in the past in quality |
D．customers used t o be more concerned with the quality of a watch than with its image. |
The following qualities can make a watch popular EXCEPT _________.
| A．multifunction | B．accuracy | C．nice design | D．low price |
What’s the best title of the passage?
| A．Watches and Teenagers | B．The History of Watches |
| C．The Accuracy of Watches | D．Watches Tell More Than Time |
Americans are proud of their variety and individuality，yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform，whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a fivestar general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms，one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian(百姓的)clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic(技工) is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse，a policeman，a barber，or a waiter to lose professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform?
Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry(洗衣店）bills. They are taxdeductible(可减税的)．They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary(主要的) among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms，the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it，without change，until retirement. When people look alike，they tend to think，speak，and act similarly，on the job at least.
Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are longlasting，often their initial(最初的)expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain（维持，维护），requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering(洗涤) possible with many types of civilian clothes.It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality______.
| A．still judge a man by his clothes |
| B．hold the uniform in such high regard |
| C．enjoy having a professional identity |
| D．will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform |
People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform ____.
| A．suggests quality work | B．discards(丢弃)his social identity |
| C．appears to be more practical | D．looks superior to a person in civilian clothes |
The chief function of a uniform is to ____.
| A．provide practical benefits to the wearer | B．make the wearer catch the public eye |
| C．inspire the wearer ' s confidence in himself | D．provide the wearer with a professional identity |
According to the passage, people wearing uniforms ____.
| A．are usually helpful | B．have little or no individual freedom |
| C．tend to lose their individuality | D．enjoy greater popularity |
The best title for this passage would be ____.
| A．Uniforms and Society | B．The Importance of Wearing a Uniform |
| C．Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform | D．Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms |
Phys ed (physical education) is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum(核心课程)，but with a difference. While group sports are still part of the curriculum, the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond gym class. Instead of learning how to climb a rope, children are taught to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance(忍耐力). In this way，kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically active life for the rest of their life.
Considering that 15 percent of American children aged 6 to 18 are overweight, supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum. In many cases, that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up phys ed programs because school boards often "put P.E. on the chopping block (砧板), cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered," says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg, the executive director of Action for Health Kids. The difference in phys ed programs is partly due to the lack of a national standard. "Physical education needs to be part of the core curriculum," she added.
The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support. Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have showed how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be. They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country (越野)than when they played sports. The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement, partly because some reluctant（不情愿的）students were able to sit on the bench.
Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a small percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school. The new method teaches skills that translate to adulthood.According to the passage, what is usually taught in the old gym class?
| A．Lift weights | B．Climb a rope | C．Cycle | D．Have a balanced diet |
What does Alicia Moag-Stahlberg mean by saying “some school boards put P. E. on the chopping block”?
| A．Schools do not pay enough attention to P. E.. |
| B．Schools welcome P. E. but do not have time for it. |
| C．Schools put P.E. in the first place. |
| D．Schools cut down other subjects’ time for P. E.. |
Which is NOT the reason to carry out phys ed programs according to the passage?
| A．More teenagers are overweight. |
| B．Traditional group sports teaching is not effective. |
| C．Students need to learn some skills to help them lead a physically active life. |
| D．Phys ed programs need less money to support. |
How many problems are mentioned in the passage with simply teaching group sports?
| A．Two | B．Three | C．Four | D．One |
What’s the difference between the come-back phys ed and the ordinary gym-class model?
| A．The Phys ed teaches group sports. |
| B．The Phys ed provides more fitness programs. |
| C．The Phys ed teaches tools and skills which could be used in the future life. |
| D．The Phys ed has more support from the government. |
Last year, I lived in Chile for half a year. I lived with a Chilean family and had the responsibilities of any Chilean teenager. I had good days and bad days I didn’t understand.
Chuquicamata, my host community, is a mining camp. When I arrived there, I was scared. It was so different from what I was used to. There were lots of dogs on the streets, and there was no downtown, few smoothly paved streets, and little to do for entertainment. Rain was not seen very often, earthquakes and windstorms were frequent.
I had studied Spanish for two and a half years and was always one of the best students in my class. But in my first week in Chile I was only able to communicate and needed one person to whom I could explain my shock. I couldn’t speak the thoughts in my head and there were so many.
Most exchange students experience this like me. Culture shock presents itself in everything from increased aggression (敌对心理) towards the people to lack of appetite(食欲). I was required to overcome all difficulties.
As time passed, everything changed. I began to forget words in English and to dream in Spanish and love Chilean food. I got used to not depending on expensive things for fun. Fun in Chuquicamata was being with people. And I took math, physics, chemistry, biology, Spanish, art, and philosophy.
But the sacrifices were nothing compared to the gain. I learned how to accept and to succeed in another culture. I now have a deeper understanding of both myself and others.The author came to Chile last year with the purpose of ________.
| A．paying a visit to Chile as a tourist | B．experiencing Chilean life as a teacher |
| C．studying Chilean culture as a college student | D．studying knowledge as an exchange student |
On arriving in Chile, why did the author feel frightened?
| A．Because he did not know how to get along with the local people. |
| B．Because it was full of dangers like earthquakes and windstorms. |
| C．Because its living conditions were worse than what he was used to. |
| D．Because it was not convenient for him to shop there. |
In the first week in Chile the author _ _______.
| A．was not used to eating Chilean food | B．had some friends to have a chat with |
| C．couldn’t communicate with people | D．couldn’t express his thoughts in English |
What did the author most probably think of his life in Chile?
| A．Wonderful and worthwhile | B．Difficult but meaningful |
| C．Difficult and meaningless | D．Boring and disappointing |
According to the passage, which of the following statements about Chile is TRUE?
| A．its official language is Spanish and English. |
| B．It is a developing country without foreign students. |
| C．It seldom rains and natural disasters often happen. |
| D．Most Chileans are not friendly to foreigners. |
Boxing is a fist fighting sport between two matched combatants (对手) wearing padded gloves. A boxer’s primary aim is to land as many blows as possible to the head and torso (躯干) of the opponent, using strength and speed to dominate the contest. One of the oldest sports still practiced, boxing dates back to thousands of years ago. Today the sport is popular in many parts of the world and encompasses (包括) both amateur and professional matches.
For most of the 20th century boxing attracted huge fan and media attention in the United States. Some boxing champions became legendary, larger-than-life figures, such as Jack Dempsey, Joe Louis, and Muhammad Ali. Criticized to varying degrees throughout its history for its violent nature and high injury rate, boxing has somehow always managed to survive——and even thrive——as a sport.
Modern boxing regulations are based upon the 12 rules set out by British boxing officials in the mid-19th century. These rules became known as the Marquess of Queensberry Rules, named after the 8th Marquess of Queensberry, John Sholto Douglas, who sponsored and published them. In addition to in-the-ring rules, modern boxing also has spec
ific regulations regarding eligibility for the fighters themselves.
The modern rules for professional and amateur boxing differ, but both types of contests are divided into time periods called rounds. In professional boxing, each round lasts three minutes; in amateur boxing, two minutes. A one-minute rest period between rounds is standard. Amateur contests consist of three rounds; professional contests may consist of up to 12 rounds. A bell is usually sounded by a timekeeper to begin and end each round.
A key step in mak
ing boxing safer and more respectable was the introduction of gloves, ending brutal bare-knuckle competition. Boxing gloves are heavily padded to soften the impact of the blow and to prote
ct the hands of the boxer. As an added protection, the hands are taped before being placed in the gloves, which are essentially huge mittens. Professional gloves usually weigh between 170 and 226g; amateur gloves average 226 to 340g. Which of the following is true according to the information in the passage?
| A．Boxing is a violent sport with high injury rate. |
| B．People enjoy boxing because of its brutal nature. |
| C．Only professional players are allowed to attend boxing matches. |
| D．Boxing is a popular sport with a history of only 200 years. |
Boxing has always managed to survive as a sport. In the author’s opinion, __________.
| A．this is because many people can participate in this popular sport |
| B．this is because boxing is a sport which can bring good business |
| C．the reason for this cannot be fully explained |
| D．this is because there are many legendary boxers |
Which of the following facts about boxing is NOT mentioned in the passage?
| A．The time set for a round. | B．The weight of gloves. |
| C．The size of boxing rings. | D．The signal to begin and end each round. |
The author’s purpose in writing this passage is __________.
| A．to give a general introduction to the sport of boxing |
| B．to advertise a band of boxing-related product |
| C．to discourage people from enjoying this violent sport |
| D．to get support for a sport with long tradition |
Which of the following statements can best describe the sport of boxing as a whole?
| A．It is a brutal and violent sport, with little popularity in modern times. |
| B．It is a traditional sport, with little room for improvement. |
| C．It is a controversial sport, which nevertheless enjoys great public support. |
| D．It is strictly professional sport with rigid and exclusive rules. |
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