Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive(重温) these experiences in nightmares.
Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase the effect of painful memories.
In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the 
research had suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.
The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers’ troubling memories after war.
They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories. “Some memories can ruin people’s lives. They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions.” said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry (精神病学) at Harvard Medical School. "This could relieve(减缓) a lot of that suffering.”
But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past. “All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I
'm not sure we’d want to wipe those memories out.” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist (伦理学家).
Some people fear that although the drug would first be used in only very serious cases, it would become more and more common.“People always have the ability to misuse science,” said Joseph LeDoux, a New York University memory researcher. “All we want to do is help people have better control of memories.”
The underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to “_____.”
| A．the new drug | B．the research into the drug |
| C．the memory | D．the chemical in the drug |
Which of the following is Not the opinion of the supporters?
| A．The pill can erase all the memories in the past. |
| B．Some memories can ruin people's life. The pill can relieve emotional suffering. |
| C．The pill can also help many other types of people who suffer from terrible memories. |
| D．The pill can prevent or treat troubling memories in soldiers after war. |
Which of the following is Not the opinion of the opponents (反对者) ?
| A．Our memories give us our identity. |
| B．The memories help humanity avoid mistakes of the past. |
| C．The drug should be used in only very serious cases. |
| D．People may not be sure whether they want to wipe the memories out. |
Which of the following statements might be the main idea of the text?
| A．People often suffer from bad memories. |
| B．The nightmares are terrible. |
| C．Forget bad memories and be happy. |
| D．The research has caused a heated argument. |
Drink drivers could be prohibited from driving under the influence if new technology from Nissan is introduced.
The Japanese car maker has developed a new odor (气味) detection system designed to prevent drivers from operating a car if they are over the legal limit. The system works by using a series of sensors (传感器) to detect the level of alcohol the driver has consumed.
A high-sensitivity alcohol odor sensor is built into the gear stick (变速杆), which is able to detect the presence of the driver’s palm as he or she attempts to start driving. If the alcohol level detected is above a pre-determined limit, the system automatically locks the transmission(变速器), immobilizing the car. A voice alert is also issued via the car navigation system telling the driver that he or she is over the limit.
Extra sensors are also placed in the driver and passenger seats and a warning is issued if these sensors detect the presence of alcohol in the air inside the vehicle cabin.
While still in the developmental stage the concept of drink driving detectors being built into cars has generally been welcomed by many drivers.
Nissan said the technology is part of a project aimed at halving the number of fatalities (灾祸) and serious injuries in Nissan cars by 2015 compared to 2005 levels.The detection system works _______________.
| A．by detecting the smell of alcohol in the vehicle cabin |
| B．by measuring the volume of the alcohol in vehicle cabin |
| C．by detecting the weight of the school in the vehicle cabin |
| D．by using a car navigation system |
What do we know about the detection system?
| A．The detection system is still in the developmental stage. |
| B．The new technology from Nissan has been introduced. |
| C．The driving detectors are being built into cars. |
| D．The system has already been used in some car companies. |
The driver’s attitude toward the detection system is that of _______________.
| A．annoyance | B．welcome | C．unconcern | D．doubt |
What’s the main idea of the passage?
| A．Nissan will release drink-proof cars. |
| B．Traffic accidents will be decreased. |
| C．A project halving the number of accidents. |
| D．A new odor detection system. |
Have you ever been in a situation, where you felt uneasy because of something you think you may have forgotten to do or perhaps a feeling that you annoyed someone whom you wanted to get along with really well. If you have experienced such feelings and worse on a regular basis, then you most probably are a victim of anxiety attacks.
All of us, to some extent, have experienced anxiety at different levels. There are somethings you may know about anxiety, and some things that you may not be familiar with. So in order to be prepared for your unexpected feeling of anxiety, you need to get to know what anxiety is before it escalates into a panic attack.
Anxiety is simply the feeling of discomfort, uneasiness or fear of what may eventually happen resulting from an imagined, or a real threatening condition. On the extreme end panic attacks can occur due to heightened(增加) feelings of anxiety.
There are two main symptoms(症状) during an anxiety / panic attack and these are physical and emotional symptoms. Physical symptoms include difficulty in breathing, shaking, direct feeling of heat, rapid heartbeat and tiredness while emotional symptoms deal with worrying, depression, fear, and lack of focus.
In spite of the negative impression we have for anxiety, it is not dangerous in any way whatever. The feeling of anxiety is not bad, in fact it’s more of a defensive feeling which protects us from possible danger by engaging a response within us in fight or fight situations. So it’s not the “bad guy”, you just have to learn how to control it. Panic attacks, however, are far more dangerous and should be a concern to your health. Panic can sometimes result in blurred (模糊不清的) vision, difficulty in breathing due to a tight chest. The best way to different anxiety from any serious illness is to ask a medical expert for advice on a regular basis.According to the passage, a panic attack is _______________.
| A．as serious as an anxiety attack | B．not so serious as an anxiety attack |
| C．resulted from an anxiety attack | D．resulted in an anxiety attack |
The underlined word “escalates” in the second paragraph means “_______________”.
| A．happens suddenly | B．becomes more serious |
| C．mixes things together | D．connects something with |
A victim of anxiety attacks may have the symptoms that ______________.
| A．he doesn’t want to have anything to eat |
| B．he has trouble in hearing and vision |
| C．he is always worried about others |
| D．he can’t pay attention to what he does |
From the passage we can draw a conclusion that ______________.
| A．an anxiety attack does good to us | B．an anxiety attack does no harm to us |
| C．an anxiety attack is a serious illness | D．an anxiety attack is very dangerous |
What is the best title for this passage?
| A．Symptoms of Anxiety Attacks | B．Ways of Getting Rid of Anxiety |
| C．Harm Caused by Anxiety | D．Getting to know Anxiety |
Arabs consider it extremely bad manners to start talking business immediately. Even the busiest government official always takes extra time to be polite and offer refreshments (茶点). No matter how busy you are, you should make time for this.
The conference visit is a way of doing business throughout the Arab world. Frequently, you will have to discuss your business in the presence of strangers, who may or may not have anything to do with your business. Do not be surprised if your meeting is interrupted several times by people who come into the room unannounced, whisper, or speak softly to the person with whom you are talking, and leave. Act as though you do not hear, and never show displeasure at being interrupted.
Making decisions quickly is not an Arab custom. There is a vagueness (模糊) in doing business in the Middle East which will puzzle a newcomer. Give yourself lots of time and ask lots of questions.
When an Arab says “yes”, he may mean “maybe”. When he says “maybe”, he probably means “no”. You will seldom get a direct “no” from an Arab because it is considered not polite. Instead of “no”, he will say “inshallah”, which means “if God is willing”. On the other hand, “yes” does not necessarily mean “yes”. A smile and a slow nod might be like an agreement but in fact your host is being polite. An Arab considers it rude to disagree with a guest.The main purpose of this article is to explain _________________.
| A．why you need extra time when you visit Arab countries |
| B．how to be polite when doing business in the Arab world |
| C．why Arab officials are so busy |
| D．what Arabs say when doing business |
According to the article, which of the following would be considered polite?
| A．You leave angrily because of interruptions. |
| B．You demand an immediate decision. |
| C．You refuse a cup of tea and show pictures of your product right away. |
| D．You look out of the window while a stranger comes in to speak with your host. |
Which of the following is NOT an Arab custom?
| A．To care less about being interrupted during their meeting. |
| B．Often to give you a vague answer. |
| C．Seldom to say “no” directly. |
| D．Seldom to hesitate to start talking business in the presence of strangers. |
A proven method for effective textbook reading is the SQ3R method developed by Francis Robinson. The first is to survey (the S step) the chapter by reading the title, introduction, section headings, summary., and by studying any graphs, tables, illustrations or charts. The purpose of this step is to get an overview of the chapter so that you will know before you read what it will be about. In the second step (the Q step), for each section you ask yourself questions such as "What do I already know about this topic?" and "What do I want to know?" In this step you also take the section heading and turn it into a question. This step gives you a purpose for reading the section. The third step (the first of the 3 R's) is to read to find the answers to your questions. Then at the end of each section, before going on to the next section, you recite ( the second of the 3 R's) the answers to the questions that formed in the question step. When you recite you should say the information you want to learn out loud in your own words. The fifth step is done after you have completed step 2, 3 and 4 for each section. You review (the last of the 3 R's) the entire chapter. The review is done much as the survey was in the first step. As you review, hold a mental conversation with yourself as you recite the information you selected as important to learn. The mental conversation could take the form of asking and answering the questions formed the headings or reading the summary, which lists the main ideas in the chapter, and trying to fill in the details for each main idea. The passage implies that the SQ3R method .
| A．needs to be prove | B．leaves much to be desired |
| C．turns out to be practicable | D．cannot be used by every reader |
The SQ3R method consists of steps .
| A．three | B．four | C．five | D．seven |
According to the passage, the first step helps the readers .
| A．read the first several paragraphs | B．scan the whole chapter |
| C．study the graphs | D．get the theme of chapter |
Which of the following statements is true?
| A．In the last step, you should remember all the information. |
| B．When you finish the last step, you will get both the main idea and the details. |
| C．The mental conversation involves answering the questions asked by the author. |
| D．While you are holding a mental conversation you select the important information. |
Handshaking, though a European practice, is now often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed (无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each other's hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice wax later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. "Let's shake (hands) on it' sometimes means agreement reached.
Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet? No. Some-times the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite, it is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party, especially when it is a woman, shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or her. Even if', for politeness, lie holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it slightly. There is generally a misunderstanding (误解) among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward, while the Chinese are rather reserved (保守的) in manner. But in fact some people in western countries are more reserved than some Chinese today. So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.In the old days in Europe, people put out their unarmed hands to each other .
| A．to make a deal | B．to greet each other |
| C．to show friendliness | D．to reach an agreement |
The first paragraph mainly tells us .
| A．where handshaking was first practised |
| B．how handshaking came about |
| C．about the relationship between handshaking and trade |
| D．about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China |
According to the text, which of the following statements is true?
| A．Westerners are more reserved than the Chinese. |
| B．Westerners are unwilling to shake hands. |
| C．We should make a judgment before shaking hands. |
| D．We shouldn't shake hands with European women. |
The main purpose of the text is
| A．to tell us some differences between the East and the West |
| B．to offer us some important facts about handshaking |
| C．to introduce us to some different customs in the West |
| D．to give us some advice before we travel abroad |
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