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更新 2022-09-03
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A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system. It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the center of the city. As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for the traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.
In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, practically at its highest point. There will also be electric signs at frequent intervals. They show traffic conditions ahead and can be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining（混凝土衬砌）.
Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. The surface of the road lies on the base, which is made of concrete and steel. The drainage system, just below the road surface on one side, removes any extra liquid, particularly water. In the event of fire, the fire main, which is made of steel, pipes water to many fire hydrant stations at regular intervals along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.
72. Each of the tunnels under construction is _____.
A. eight kilometers long and twenty meters wide    B. eight kilometers long and six meters wide
C. four kilometers long and twenty meters wide     D. four kilometers long and six meters wide
73. Which part of the tunnel in the diagram is used to pipe out extra water?
A. 1          B. 3            C. 5              D 6
74. Driving in the tunnel, one can know the traffic conditions ahead through______.
A. the lights                   B. the electric signs
C. the trucks and the cars         D. the emergency phones
75. The passage is mainly about _____.
A. the construction of a road                        B. the design of a road
C. the construction of two tunnels          D.the design of two tunnels

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There are two types of people in the world．Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life，one becomes happy；the other becomes unhappy．This arises from the different ways in which they consider things，persons，events and the resulting effects upon their minds．
People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things：the pleasant parts of conversation，the well prepared dishes，the goodness of the wine，and the fine weather．They enjoy all the cheerful things．Those．who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things．Therefore，they are continually dissatisfied．By their remarks，they sour the pleasure of society, offend（hurt）many people，and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. The intention of criticizing and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation（仿效）．It grows into a habit， unknown to its possessors．The habit may be strong，but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes．I hope this little warning may be of service to them，and help them change this habit．
Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination，it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck．Those people offend many others；nobody loves them，and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect．If they bring on themselves public objections，no one will defend or excuse them，and many will join to criticize their wrong doings．These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing，without worrying needlessly about themselves and others．If they do not，it will be good for others to avoid any contact（联系）with them．Otherwise，it car be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient，especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels．
61．People who are unhappy___________．
A．always consider things differently from others
B．usually are affected by the results of certain things
C．usually misunderstand what others thinks or say
D．always discover the unpleasant side of certain things“________________”.
62．The underlined phrase “sour the pleasure of society’’ in the second paragraph means“_____”．
A．have a good taste with social life           B．make others unhappy
C．tend to scold others openly
D．enjoy the pleasure of life
63．We can conclude from the passage that________．
A．we should pity all such unhappy people
B．such unhappy people are dangerous to social life
C．people call get rid of the habit of unhappiness
D．unhappy people can not understand happy persons
64．If such unhappy person insists on keeping the habit，the author suggests people should_______．
A．prevent any communication with them
B．show no respect and politeness to them
C．persuade them to recognize the bad effects
D．quarrel with them until they realize the mistakes
65．According to the passage，the writer prefers to communicate with__________．
A．people who ale happy                          B．people who are unhappy
C．A and B                                                     D．None of them

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第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
WASHINGTON（AP）—Good news for dinosaur fans：There are probably a lot more of them waiting to be discovered．At least，their fossils are．
Peter Dodson of the University of Pennsylvania and Steve Wang of Swarthmore College estimate that 71 percent of all dinosaur genera（种类）—groups of dinosaur species—have yet to be discovered．
“It’s a safe bet that a child born today could expect a very fruitful career in dinosaur paleontology（古生物学），”Dodson said in a statement．
The estimate appears in Tuesday’s issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences．
Dodson—a professor of anatomy at Penn’s School of Veterinary Medicine and professor at Penn’s Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences—first estimated the potential number of dinosaur genera in 1990 and is revising that upward．
The estimates are based on the rates of discovery—about 10 to 20 annually—and the recent increase in finds of fossils in China，Mongolia and South America．
Dodson suggests that 1,850 genera will eventually be discovered．So far 527 genera have been found．
Fossilization itself is a rare event，they note，and as many as half of the dinosaur genera that ever existed may have left no remains．
“I would never suggest that this prediction．however statistically（统计上地）sound．is the final word on dinosaur diversity，“Dodson added．”My intention is to fuel the discussion using the facts at hand，and this is the best estimate we can make with the data available．”
56．The best title for the passage would be______________．
A．Much more dinosaur once lived on the earth
B．Good news for dinosaur fans
C．A very fruitful career in dinosaur paleontology
D．Dinosaurs remain to be discovered
57．Who made the first estimate about the possible number of dinosaur genera?
A．The author of the passage． B．Steve Wang．
C．Peter Dodson． D．Both B and C．
58．Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．The number of dinosaur fans is getting larger and larger．
B．More dinosaur fossils are expected to be found in future．
C．The estimate was based on plenty of facts of dinosaur paleontology．
D．Not all the dinosaur genera left their fossils．
59．It can be inferred from the text that______________．
A．dinosaurs will return to the world once again
B．about 3700 dinosaur genera once lived on the earth
C．only half of the dinosaur fossils have been found so far
D．all dinosaur fossils have been find in China．Mongolia and South America
60．The underlined sentence in the last paragraph most probably means____________．
A．Enough research work has been done on dinosaur diversity
B．it is probable that more information about dinosaur diversity will be found in future
C．the conclusion drawn by Dodson is not exactly right
D．Dodson will continue his research work on dinosaur diversity

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Ever since Stephanie’s 13th birthday we have been receiving comments from other adults expressing their sympathies because our daughter is now a teenager．We’ve heard everything from，“Sure she’s a good kid，but just wait，now that she’s teenager…”to the ever inspiring，“Well，all kids are rotten when they are teenagers，just try to go through it the best way you can．”What’s more upsetting is that many of these insensitive adults feel the need to share their negative predictions well within the hearing of both our daughters．
I know that teenagers can be moody（闷闷不乐）and difficult at times，but I’m 38 and I can also be difficult and moody．We worry about the future and want today’s kids to know that we care
for them and that there are opportunities that wait for them．However, at the very point they set out on that journey toward adulthood we stand there watching them disapprovingly（不赞成），just waiting for them to make mistake．“just like we knew they would．”We tell them to respect themselves and to say no to drugs，yet we fail to set a positive example by treating them with kindness and consideration，demonstrating（示范）our respect for them．
I have，at times been guilty of this behavior but am now realizing that the more I see each person as a person，the more I am pleasantly surprised in some way or another. For example，a few weeks ago my husband and I were having dinner at our favorite restaurant and two teenage boys came in and sat down right beside US．I must admit that my first thought was，“perfect，there goes our quiet, peaceful dinner．”I was so wrong! These young men were well behaved．quiet and left a nice tip for the waitress．Once I looked beyond the jeans so loose they were practically falling off and the multi-colored hair, I saw what fine people these kids were．
Many of the people who，perhaps unknowingly, treat teens with disrespect are unhappy about the fact that pop singers and sports stars are our children’s heroes. I feel that unless We give them something better to go after, we really shouldn’t complain．
66．When their children reach their teens，parents usually expect_________．
A．trouble B．sympathy
C．congratulations D．inspiring comments
67．In the author’s opinion，the trouble with parents is that________．
A．they are too watchful of their teenage children
B．they are too concerned about their children’s future
C．they fail to treat teenagers with enough kindness and respect
D．they speak ill of their children within their hearing
68．When two teenagers came into the restaurant and sat beside the author, her first thought was that__________．
A．they were wrong to have chosen this restaurant for dinner
B．something interesting was going to happen over dinner
C．her quiet dinner with her husband would be ruined
D．she and her husband were going to have a pleasant surprise
69．What does the author think of the two teenage boys?
A．They may become nice people if they are willing to change their lifestyle．
B．They are typical of teenagers who wear ill-fitting clothes and dye their hair．
C．They’re fine young men despite their loose jeans and multi-colored hair．
D．They will respect you if you respect them．
70．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．There is nothing wrong with teenagers admiring pop singers and sports starts．
B．If our children admire pop singers and sports starts，it is the parents who are to blame．
C．Pop singers and sports stars should not be heroes of our children．
D．Parents should set a good example for their children to follow．

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I came to live here where I am now between Wounded Knee Greek and Grass Greek. Others came too, and we made these little grey houses of logs that you see, and they are square. It is a bad way to live, for there can be no power in a square.
You have noticed that everything an Indian does is in a circle, and that is because the Power of the World always works in circles, and everything tries to be round. In the old days when we were a strong and happy people, all our power came to us from the respectful circle of the nation, and so long as the circle was unbroken, the people were getting rich. The flowering tree was the living center of the circle, and the circle of the four quarters nursed it. The east gave peace and strength and continuous power. This knowledge came to us from the outer world with our brief. Everything the Power of the World does is done in a circle. The sky is round, and I have heard that the earth is round like a ball, and so are all the stars. Birds make their nests in circle, for theirs are the same as ours. The sun comes forth and goes down again in a circle. The moon does the same, and both are round. Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing, and always come back again to where they were. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood, and so it is in everything where power moves. Our places were like the nests of birds, and these were always set in a circle, the nation’s circle, a nest of many nests, where the Great Spirit meant for us to nurse our children.
But the Wasichus (Indian word for “white people”) have put us in these square boxes. Our power is gone and we are dying, for the power is not in us any more. You can look at our boys and see how it is with us. Where we were living by the power of the circle in the way we should, boys were men at twelve of thirteen years of age. But now it takes them very much longer to be bull grown.
72. The title of this passage is ____.
A. Round Houses                   B. Square Houses
C. Round Houses and Square Houses
D. Power or Houses
73. Two things being compared in the passage are ____.
A. the Indians’ past and present living conditions
B. the Indians’ past and modern beliefs
C. the Indians’ old and new power
D. people and nature
74. In the second paragraph “the four quarters” refers to ____.
A. the four rooms of the Indian’s house         B. the four kinds of natural power
C. the four seasons                                      D. the four directions
75. According to the author, once the Indians moved into square houses, _____.
A. they had to move to other houses       B. boys took more time to grow into men
C. they forgot the old way of life           D. everyone was not happy

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Many people think the search for cleaner energy leads only to renewable resources like sun, wind and water. But it also leads to a fossil fuel. Natural gas is considered the cleanest of the fossil fuels, the fuel created by plant and animal remains over millions of years. Burning it releases fewer pollutants than oil or coal. The gas is mainly methane (甲烷). It produces half the carbon dioxide of other fossil fuels. So it may help cut the production of carbon gases linked to climate change.
Russia is first in what are called "proved reserves" of natural gas. The United States is sixth. Over the years, big oil and gas companies recovered much of the easily reached supplies of gas in America. They drilled straight down into formations where gas collects. As these supplies were used up, big drillers looked for similar formations in other countries.
But now the industry is taking a new look. Companies are developing gas supplies trapped in shale (页岩) rock two to three thousand meters underground. They drill down to the shale, then go sideways and inject high-pressure water, sand or other material into the rock. This causes the rock to fracture, releasing the gas. Huge fields of gas shale are believed to lie under the Appalachian Mountains, Michigan and the south-central states. Gas shale exploration is being done mainly by small to medium sized companies. Eric Potter, a program director, says more than half the gas in the United States is now coming from these new reserves.
But hydraulic (液压的) fracturing can also produce debate and anger over the risk of groundwater pollution. This method of drilling is not federally supervised under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Some in Congress want to end that exemption (豁免) from the law.
Natural gas provides Americans with about one fourth of their energy. And, unlike oil, most of it is produced in America. Gas producers invested heavily in reaching new supplies when prices were high. But prices are down sharply now because the depression cut demand for energy. So energy expert Eric Potter says it is too early to know how the changing market prices will affect the market for gas shale exploration.
68. We can learn from the first paragraph that ________.
A. natural gas releases methane and carbon dioxide
B. natural gas is considered as the cleanest energy
C. natural gas is more environmentally friendly than other fossil fuels
D. natural gas is a renewable source of energy
69. The word “fracture” in Paragraph 4 probably means _______.
A. create      B. break             C. change            D. decrease
70. Gas shale exploration may cause disagreement because ______.
A. it may cause water pollution   B. it brings too high profits
C. it breaks the law             D. it is out of states’ control
71. According to Eric Potter, the new gas shale exploration ______.
A. will provide America with about one fourth of their energy
B. will increase demand for energy
C. will make gas producers invest a big sum of money
D. may be influenced by the changing market prices

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