What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is “no”. It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate(调查),how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further, he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons. He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.
The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There is no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason that investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigations. Einstein’s ideas were shown to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.What makes a scientist according to the passage?
| A．The tools he uses. | B．His ways of learning. |
| C．The way he uses his tools. | D．The various tools he use |
“The scientist, however, goes one step further,” the author says this to show 。
| A．the importance of information |
| B．the importance of thinking |
| C．the difference between scientists and ordinary people |
| D．the difference between carpenters and people with other jobs. |
A sound scientific theory should be one that .
| A．does not only work under one set of conditions at one time, but also works under the same conditions at other times |
| B．leaves no room for improvement |
| C．does not allow any change even under different conditions |
| D．can be used for many purposes |
What is the main idea of the passage?
| A．Scientists are different from ordinary people. |
| B．The theory of relativity. |
| C．Exactness is the core（核心）of science. |
| D．Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist. |
第三部分阅读理解 (共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出最佳选项.
A
Years of storms had taken their toll on the old windmill（风车）. Its wheel, rusted and fallen, lay silent in the lush bluegrass.
I hadn‘t walked across our old farm in fifteen years. Fifteen years ago，rain or shine, I used to walk this path each day to see Greta. She always made me smile, even after my sister and I had just had a big quarrel. I would help Greta with her chores. Then we would enjoy her delicious homemade chocolate cookies and ice cream. Being confined to a wheel chair didn‘t stop Greta from being a great cook.
Greta gave me two of the greatest gifts I‘ve ever received. First, she taught me how to read. She also taught me that when I forgave Sister for our quarrels, it meant I wouldn‘t keep feeling like a victim(受害者). Instead, I would feel sunny.
Mr. Dinking, the local banker, tried to foreclose on Greta‘s house and land after her husband passed away. Thanks to Pa and Uncle Johan, Greta got to keep everything. Pa said that it was the least he could do for someone talented enough to teach me to read!
Soon folks were coming from miles around to buy Greta‘s homemade cakes, pies, breads, cookies, cider, and ice cream. Greta even had me take a big apple pie to Mr. Dinking who became one of her best customers and friends. That‘s just what Greta was. She could turn anyone into a friend!
Greta always said, "Dear, keep walking in sunshine!" No matter how terrible my day started, I always felt sunny walking home from Greta‘s house---even beneath the winter starlight.
I arrived at Greta‘s house today just after sunset. An ambulance had stopped a few feet from her door, its red lights flashing. When I ran into the old house, Greta recognized me right away.
She smiled at me with her unforgettable twinkling blue eyes. She was almost out of breath when she reached out and softly touched my arm. Her last words to me were "Dear, keep walking in sunshine!"
56. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. What Greta taught me B. Greta would never die
C. The past sunny days D. Keep walking in sunshine
57. What can we know about Greta from the passage?
A. She was kind and forgiving B. She was rich and generous
C. She was energetic and confidence D. She was practical and helpful
58. The author used to go to see Greta every day mainly because _____.
A. Greta could treat the author with delicious food
B. Greta could give the author comfort
C. the author could learn how to read from Greta
D. the author could learn something valuable from Greta
59. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Greta lived a hard and lonely life.
B. Greta was loved and respected by all the people there.
C. Greta must be a relative of the author’s family.
D. The author had been out of touch with Greta for fifteen years.
D
Social rules or laws on marriage vary widely between countries．Some countries, still do not have a legal minimum age for marriage, which makes child macriages are very common, there．
In the Western Christian countries, a 13 -year -old is still considered a child．Even getting married in one* s late teens is not usually encouraged because married life is likely to interfere with a young woman' s education and consequently restrict opportunities in later life．And there are also physical dangers in giving birth so young．
In Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran and Pakistan, the age of puberty（青春期）at around 13 or 14 is the legal age for marriage, but in Turkey it is 15, and in Egypt and Tunisia, 18 the same minimum age as in many Western countries．It is argued that by allowing, earlier marriages, Islamic law is promoting stable relationships, while Western laws are encouraging promiscuity among young people．
In many countries, the trends of urbanization and education for girls have seen a drop in the number of child brides．However, early marriages continue to occur in poor rural areas．In India, for example, the legal age of marriage for a girl is 18 and to a boy, 21．Yet, according to government statistics, 18 percent of ten to fourteen-year old girls in the poor, rural state of Rajasthan in the northwest of the country are married．It is clear, then, that child marriages are connected with poverty, lack of education, rural customs as well as religion．So there don't tend to be any child marriages in urban or rich areas．
57．The underlined word "promiscuity" in the third paragraph means ____．
A．permanent partnership B．firm partnership
C．diverse relationship D．single relationship
58．According to the text, which of these women are married lastest?
A．Women from less educated background．
B．Women from poor rural areas．
C．Women from Islamic countries．
D．Wonferi from cities．
59．Child marriages are NOT related to ____ according to the passage．
A．social communication B．rural customs
C．poverty and lack of education D．religious beliefs
60．According to the passage, getting married early leads to all of the following EXCEPT____．
A．reducing a young woman's education
B．limiting a young woman's chances
C．causing baby death
D．doing harm to a young woman's health
C
Do you want to make a forceful and impressive public speech and become an eloquent （有口才的） speaker? The newly-published books in our bookstore help you realize your dream．Time waits for nobody．Take action! 20% discount on all the orders above $ 100．Here are introductions of these books．
| 10 Days to More Confldent Public Speaking． By The Princeton Language Institute, Lenny Laskowski Paperback： 224 page ISBN: 0446676683 Price: $20 per copy THIS book is a course on giving publics talks．It was written by an expert in the field and has the tools to make you a relaxed effective and commanding public speaker．You can find clear, brief, step - by - step tips to help you． ●Overcome nervousness and discover your own natural style． ●Set up an immediate connection with your audience． ●Mix together humour and anecdotes （奇闻） into your talk． |
| In the Spotlight: Overcome Your Fear of Public Speaking and Performing; By Janet E．Espostio Paperback: 176 page Publisher:Strong Books ISBN: 1928782078 Price: $15 per copy "IN the spotlight'' is a gift for people experiencing any degree of fear or discomfort in speaking and performingin front of others, either in formal or informal settings．The book has many different methods to help you get beyond stage rright and learn to speak or perform with ease and confidence． |
| The Lost Art of the Great Speech: How to Write One and How to Deliver it． By Richard Dowis．Paperback : 288 pages．ISBN: 0814470548 Publisher: American Management Association．Price: $30 per copy Here's expert guidance on how to write a forceful speech．Attractive slides, confident body language, and a lot of eye contact are fine．Now everyone can learn to give powerful, direct speeches that catch audience' s attention．The key is not just in the delivery, but in using the power of language．It' s a speech - writing guide made by an award winning writer．It has everything from researching and writing the speech to preparing the next to delivering the speech to handling questions from audience． |
| Lend Me Your Ears: Great Speech in History． By William Saftre Hardcover: 1055 pages ISBN: 0393040054 Publisher: W．W．Norton & Company. Pice: $ 50 per copy. THIS is a collection of more than100 speeches that seeks to show the enduring power of human eloquence to inspire and uplift．These speeches are said to have moved millions of people and changed history．There is an introduction to each speech and essay on the art of public speaking．The collection is edited by former presidential speech writer William Safire．He knows firsthand the importance of putting together the right words for the right moment. |
53．Suppose you want to buy each of the four books in the bookstore, you will at least have to pay______.
A．$115 P．$23 C．$92 D．$85
54．Which of the four books mainly deals with the use of the language in a speech?
A．Lend Me Your Ears: Great Speech in History．
B．The Lost Art of the Great Speech; How to Write One and How to Deliver it．
C．In the Spotnight: Overcome Your Fear of Public Speaking and Performing．
D．10 Days to More Confident Public Speaking.
55．Which of the authors of the books used to write speeches for presidents?
A．Richard Dowis B．Janet, E．Esposito
C．Lenny Laskowski D．William Safire
56．The common purpose of the above books is to____．
A．give encouragement in making a speech
B．tell readers how to make a forcefuLand impresive speech
C．show readers the skills of writing a good speech
D．tell readers how to get over stage fright and to speak easily and confidently
B
According to the report by Baekeland and Hartmann, two American authoritative psychotogical research centres, the "short sleepers" had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens．But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly per
iods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions, in their daily routines.
In general, these "short sleeps" appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful,, conformist （循规蹈矩的） in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices．They often held several jobs at once, or workers full - or part - time while going to school．And many of them had a strong urge to appear "normal" or "acceptable" to their friends and associates．When asked to recall their dreams, the "short sleepers" did poorly．More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering．In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy m the hope that the trouble would go away．The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers" were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic （疯人）.
The "long sleepers" were quite different indeed．Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood．They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived （剥夺） of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest．They tended to recall their dreams much better than the "short sleepers．" did．Many of the "long sleepers" were shy, anxious, introverted （内向）, inhibited （压抑） , passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves （particularly in social situations）．Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems．
50．According to the text, which is probably the writer' s real attitude towards these two living habits ____．
A．both of them are healthy habits
B．not both of them are unhealthy habits
C．either of them is not unhealthy habits
D．neither of them is healthy habits
51．When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might ____．
A．feel extremely depressed B．become energetic
C．appeared disturbed D．feel disappointed
52．The writer implies （暗示） that short sleepers _____ in the text．
A．are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of life
B．often neglect the consequences of inadequate（不足的）sleep
C．do not know how to relax properly
D．are more unlikely to run into mental problems
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
After finishing my shopping, I headed for the checkout counter but was blocked in the narrow passage by a young man that appeared to be about sixteen years old. I wasn’t in a hurry, so I patiently waited for the boy to realize that I was there.
After a little while, he waved his hands excitedly, in the air and shouted in a loud voice, "Mommy, I'm here．Mommy, I'm here．" It was obvious now, he was mentally challenged．Suddenly, he turned and saw me standing so close to him．His eyes widened and watched me surprisingly．He turned and saw me standing so close to him. His eyes widened and watched me surprisingly. I stepped back and asked, " Hey, buddy, what’s your name? " " My name is Denny and I'm shopping with my mother," he responded proudly．"Wow," I said, "that's a cool name．I wish my name was Denny, but my name is Hal．" "Hal like Halloween?" he asked．"Yes," I answered．"How old are you, Denny?" "How old am I now．Mommy?" he asked his mother as she came over from the next passage．"You' re fifteen years old, Denny; now be a good boy and let the lady pass by．" I continued to talk to Denny for several more minutes about summer vacation, bicycles and school．I watched his brown eyes dance with excitement．
As we were talking, he suddenly ran toward the toy section．
Denny's mom thanked me for taking the time to talk with her son．She told me that most people wouldn' t even look at him, much less talk to him…I told her that it was my pleasure and then I said, " Denny is a blue rose and if I didn' t stop and smell that rose with my heart, I would miss a blessing from God．"
She looked more puzzled．I told her that there are plenty of red, yellow and pink roses in God's garden, however, blue roses are very rare and should be appreciated for their beauty and distinctiveness （特殊之处）．Denny is such a "blue rose" in God's garden．
46．Th
e story may happen______．
A．in a school B．during the summer vacation
C．in a super market D．in the toy section
47．The boy's brown eyes dance with excitement because______．
A．he was the center of someone's attention
B．Denny is a cool name
C．he is shopping with his mother
D．he likes summer vacation
48．We can infer from the passage that Danny ______.
A．was mentally challenged B．is 15 years old
C．was often very lonely and neglected D．is a ‘blue rose1’ in God's garden
49．From the passage we can learn that _______.
A．there are plenty of red, yellow and pink roses in God’s garden
B．blue roses'are very rare and should be appreciated
C．most people wouldn’t even look at Denny
D．every person should be appreciated in our life
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