Alexis De Tocqueville，the French political scientist，，historian，philosopher and politician．Is most famous for a four-volume book he wrote called Democracy in America．He came to America in 1831 to study the American form of democracy’and what it might mean to the rest of the world．After a visit of only nine months,，he wrote a remarkable book which is regarded as a classic．De Tocqueville had unusual powers of observation．He described not only the democratic system of government and how it operated，but also its effect on how Americans think, feel, and act, Many scholars believe he had a deeper understanding of traditional American beliefs and values than anyone else who has written about。the United States．What is so remarkable is that
many of these characteristics which he observed nearly 200years ago are still visible and
meaningful today．His observations are also important because the timing of his visit，the 1830s，was before America was industrialized．This was the era of the small farmer，the small businessman，and the settling of the western frontier．It was the period of history when the traditional values of the new country were newly established．In just a generation，some 40 years since the adoption of the U．S：Constitution．the new form of government had—already produced a society of people with unique values．He was，however，a fair observer and saw both the good and bad sides of these qualities．
The first part of Democracy m America was written in 1831—32 and published in 1835．A highly positive and optimistic account of American government and society，the book was very well received．He attempted to get a glimpse of the core of American society．all the while promoting his own philosophy：the equaling of the classes and the unavoidable depth of aristocratic（贵族的）privilege The rest of the book he labored on for four years．and in 1840 the second part was published．This was substantially more pessimistic than the first，warning of the dangers despotism （暴政）and governmental centralization，and applying his ideas and criticisms more directly to France．As a result, it was not received as well as the first part，except in England where it was highly thought of．What is the passage primarily about?
| A．Alexis De Tocqueville |
| B．Democracy in America |
| C．The progress achieved in America within about 40 years after adoption of the U．S．Constitution． |
| D．The influence of the book Democracy in America |
What in the passage is mentioned as being truly remarkable?
| A．Many of his observations are still visible and meaningful today． |
| B．The book was so detailed and thorough after only such a comparatively short visit． |
| C．That the second volume should be so pessimistic in comparison with the first． |
| D．De Tocqueville’s powers of observation． |
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage？
| A．The English don’t like the French |
| B．The book was most important because it was the first time that American values had been clearly documented． |
| C．De Tocqueville was a slow writer． |
| D．De Tocqueville was primarily motivated by an interest in his own country． |
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
| A．The visit lasted only five months． |
| B．The visit coincided with American industrialization． |
| C．The first part was published in 1835；the second part in 1840． |
| D．The second part was more optimistic than the first． |
Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely. The “standard” retirement age varies from country to country, but it is generally between 50 and 70. However, for a long time, people have got into an argument about whether the age of retirement should be increased or reduced in their own countries.
There are several arguments for allowing older people to continue working as long as they are able. Many people think that older employees have a large amount of knowledge and experience which can be lost to a business if they are made to retire. Besides, older employees are often extremely devoted employees and are more willing to implement company rules than the young. A more important point is regarding the attitudes in society to old people. To force someone to resign or retire at 60 or 65 indicates that the society does not value the input of these people and that their useful life is over.
Allowing older people to work indefinitely (无限地), however, is not always a good policy. Some people took the strong view that age alone is no guarantee of ability. Many young employees have more experience or skills than older staff, who may have been stuck in one area for most of their working lives. On the other hand, older people should be rewarded by society for their life’s labor by being given generous pensions and the freedom to enjoy leisure. They can have time to do whatever they like, that is, they can have their own plans and achieve their retirement goals.
With many young people unemployed or frustrated in low-level positions, there are often calls to compulsorily retire older workers. However, this can affect the older individual’s freedom and right to work. In my opinion, giving workers more choices over their retirement age will benefit society and the individual.What does this passage mainly talk about?
| A．How to set a standard of the retirement age. |
| B．More opportunities should be given to young people. |
| C．Companies should make full use of old people’s wisdom. |
| D．Opinions about retirement age are different among people. |
Some people think older people should go on with work because ______.
| A．they have a sense of achievement |
| B．they want to learn more knowledge |
| C．they have grasped much practical experience |
| D．they will help the business not to fail quickly |
The underlined word “implement” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______.”
| A．take over | B．carry out |
| C．get rid of | D．set aside |
Which point of view may the author agree to?
| A．Older people are encouraged to retire on time. |
| B．Older people would like to do something else. |
| C．Older people’s experience should be valued. |
| D．Older people can choose whether to work on or not. |
Werewolves (狼人) aren’t the only creatures(生物) affected by the moon’s cycles. A full moon slightly affects people’s sleep, reports a Swiss team of scientists. Even people’s sleep in a lab without windows experienced a small shortfall in sleep once a month.
To test the moon’s effect, 33 adult volunteers of both sexes and various ages spent several nights in a sleep lab. As they slept, researchers recorded their brain activity, eye movements and hormone (荷尔蒙) levels. On nights closer to a full moon, the subjects took an average of five minutes longer to fall asleep, and slept for 20 minutes less. In addition, brain activity decreased by 30 percent during the sleep stage that the brain normally uses to recover from its daylight work. And levels of hormone that help control sleep cycles dropped. On these nights, the sleepers complained of poor sleep quality even though they were unaware of the moon’s cycle. On the bright side, not a single participant turned into a werewolf.
The Swiss team doesn’t know how the moon affects sleep. The gravity (重力) of the moon causes ocean tides to rise and fall. But that force is too weak to affect sleep, Gajochen says. He believed some body’s biological clock may be tied to the moon cycles. There may be another explanation, says David Dinges. This sleep researcher at the University Of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia says that the body clock is very sensitive to light at night. Volunteer’s sleep could have been affected by exposure to extra moonlight before arriving at the lab.The writer mentioned “werewolves” in the first paragraph to ______.
| A．prove that the moon’s cycles exist |
| B．draw people’s attention to the report |
| C．introduce a similar creature to readers |
| D．warn people not to sleep alone in the lab |
What happened to the volunteers during the experiment on a full moon?
| A．They slept for about five minutes longer. |
| B．Their brains never recovered from their work. |
| C．They complained they were too tired to sleep. |
| D．Their brains were not so active as they were |
The last paragraph is developed mainly by ______.
| A．analyzing causes | B．explaining differences |
| C．making comparisons | D．following the time order |
The passage is mainly about ______.
| A．the sleeping problems caused by the moon’s cycles |
| B．the influence of the moon on human sleeping habits |
| C．the moon’s effect on sleeping and its possible reasons |
| D．the ways to improve sleep quality on a full moon night |
His youth was nothing like yours, unless your name happens to be Justin Bieber or Emma Watson. At 14, Kirk Cameron was receiving 10,000 letters a month while acting as Mike Seaver in the sitcom (情景喜剧) Growing Pains. For children of the 1980s, every boy dreamt of having his brown leather coat, the modern parents, and the humor of Mike Seaver.
Kirk was making $ 50,000 a week but had to deal with various things resulting from increasing popularity. “Kirk had a couple of ardent fans who followed and shadowed him. They kind of crossed the line and frightened all of us to some degree,” says another star of the sitcom.
In 1986, the kid described his life to a magazine: “I’m just going to have to get used to the uncomfortable parts, like not having a lot of privacy. Interviewer wants to know if being famous is making me breathless and I answer no, it isn’t—it is a lot, but I can handle (处理) it.” However, people considered him the happiest guy on the planet. He was driving around the city in his favorite car. He flew to foreign countries for vacations. He tasted various foods in different restaurants on streets.
In a recent interview, Kirk admitted that he once viewed the world as though he were the centre of it and began expecting things to be done for him. “Anything I wanted was given to me. That was what I expected because that was my reality,” he says. Though it was not easy for Kirk, he managed to treat himself as an ordinary person, with years of life experience.The underlined word “ardent” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.
| A．crazy | B．patient |
| C．angry | D．lost |
Kirt Cameron was thought to be the happiest guy because of ______.
| A．his high income | B．his popularity |
| C．his life style | D．his great dreams |
What does Kirt Cameron think of the early himself?
| A．Humorous. | B．Self-centered. |
| C．Ordinary. | D．Happy. |
What might be the best title for this passage?
| A．Live a Free Life as You Wish |
| B．A Hard Life Lacking in Privacy |
| C．To Be Ordinary Though Famous |
| D．Annoying Popularity with Troubles |
It took some time for spring to arrive but now it’s here that UK’s gardens are enjoying it. Many flowers that would usually be over by now are still at their best. Here are some of the best gardens right now.
Kew Gardens, London
The rock garden is one of the places to head for at Kew right now. It will be at its peak in the days ahead. The garden has waterfalls and streams over the land, and many plants and flower buds are all at their best. Equally those who can not be missed are the flowering cherry (樱桃) trees.
Open daily 9:30 am-6:30 pm, adults £16, children free.
Wentworth Castle Gardens, near Barnsley
A yellow carpet surrounds Wentworth Castle at the moment, as the daffodils (水仙花) are still in full bloom. Another wonderful spot is the Victorian flower garden, created from an old bowling (保龄球) green in the 19th century.
Open daily 10:00 am- 5:00 pm, adults £5.50, children £2.95, family £12.50.
Harlow Carr, Harrogate
The earlier bad weather means many daffodil varieties were extremely late, but at Harlow Car plenty of the plants can be found at the moment. The garden also has one of the longest streamside plantings in the country.
Open daily 9:30 am-6:00 pm, adults £8.50, children £4.25, family £20.70.
Bon Stewart, Newtownards
There are great smells as well as great sights at Bon Stewart: Lady Londonderry, who created the garden in the 1920s and 1930s, love plants with a sweet smell. So go up to rhododendron (杜鹃花) hill. It’s one of the best places here right now.
Open daily 10:00 am-6:00 pm, adults £6.63, children £3.31, family £16.00.
To enjoy pleasant-smelling flowers, you might visit ______.
| A．Kew Gardens | B．Harlow Carr |
| C．Bon Stewart | D．Wentworth Castle Gardens |
You can probably enjoy the flowers beside the stream in ______.
| A．Kew Gardens and Bon Stewart |
| B．Harlow Carr and Kew Gardens |
| C．Bon Stewart and Harlow Carr |
| D．Wentworth Castle Gardens and Bon Stewart |
What can we learn about Wentworth Castle Gardens?
| A．It offers a great place to play bowling. |
| B．It is surrounded by flowering cherry trees. |
| C．It provides the shortest visiting time in a day. |
| D．It charges a couple with a child at least £ 13.95. |
What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
| A．To attract tourists to visit. |
| B．To introduce different flowers. |
| C．To express love for nature. |
| D．To compare different gardens. |
I grew up knowing I was different, and I hated it. I was born with a cleft (分裂的) lip, and when I started to go to school, my classmates were constantly laughing at me. I couldn’t even blow up a balloon.
When my classmates asked, “What happened to your lip?” I’d tell them that I’d fallen as a baby and cut it on a piece of glass. Somehow it seemed more acceptable to have suffered an accident than to have been born different.
Then I entered the second grade, and Mrs. Leonard’s class. She was round and pretty. Everyone loves her. But no one came to love her more than I did. And for a special reason.
The time came for the yearly “hearing tests”. I was nearly unable to hear anything out of one ear. So I cheated. I had learned to watch other children and raised my hand when they did during group testing. The “whisper test” required a different trick: each child would go to the door of the classroom, turn sideways and cover one ear with a finger. And the teacher would say something very quietly from her desk, which the child would repeat. Then the same thing was done for the other ear. Nobody checked to see how tightly the untested ear was being covered, so I pretended to cover mine.
My turn came. I turned my bad ear to her, covering the other ear with my finger, and then gently backed my finger out enough to be able to hear. I waited, and then heard the words that God had surely put into her mouth; seven words that changed my life forever.
Mrs. Leonard, the pretty teacher I loved, said softly, “I wish you were my little girl.”The author’s classmates were always laughing at her because she ______.
| A．was born different |
| B．went to school at an old age |
| C．could not blow up a balloon |
| D．failed to win her teacher’s love |
In the “whisper test”, the students had to ______.
| A．pass on the teacher’s words |
| B．take turns to receive the test |
| C．cover both ears when tested |
| D．watch other students carefully |
When hearing Mrs. Leonard words, the author felt ______.
| A．astonished | B．disappointed |
| C．embarrassed | D．moved |
What might be the best title for this passage?
| A．My Life of Being Different |
| B．A Small Expression of Love |
| C．A Round and Pretty Teacher |
| D．Words to Correct My Mistake |
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