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A． Drop-Bar Road Bikes
Generally lighter in weight than the typical mountain or comfort bike，road bikes are good for multiple pavement uses including fitness riding，commuting，long-distance/event rides，touring and racing．
Drop-bar handlebars are lightweight and aerodynamic and are a better choice if you want to go faster or are more concerned with efficiently transferring your energy into making the bike move forward． They also allow for a greater number of riding and hand positions than flat-bars．Their more aerodynamic riding position (bent over at the waist) may put more strain on your back if you are less flexible．
B． Flat-Bar Road Bikes
Flat-bar handlebars combine the efficiency of drop-bar road bikes with a slightly more upright riding position．This allows you to sit up in a higher and more relaxed position so you can better see the road and potential risks．An upright position also reduces strain on your hands，wrists and shoulders．This increased versatility comes with the tradeoff of being slightly less efficient (from an aerodynamic standpoint) than the typical drop-bar road bike．
C． Hardtail Mountain Bikes
Mountain Bikes are best for dirt or rocky trails and gravel roads; they are OK for pavement too (with tire change)．
Hardtail bikes feature a front suspension fork and a rigid back with no rear suspension shocks．This type of mountain bike is much less expensive and lighter in weight than a typical full-suspension mountain bike．A hardtail is the more versatile choice if you plan to use it for both paved and unpaved surfaces．The tradeoffs from a full-suspension mountain bike? A hardtail is less able to safely handle more technical singletrack trails，provides less overall shock absorption and，in some situations，delivers less rear wheel traction．
D． Full-Suspension Mountain Bikes
Full-suspension mountain bikes have both front and rear suspension shocks making them ideal for backcountry trails or technical (steep，bumpy，twisty) singletrack．They also stand up to more aggressive riding including jumps or drops of up to 5 feet．As mentioned above，full-suspension bikes are more expensive and generally heavier than hardtail bikes．
E．Folding bikes
These bikes can be folded up and placed in a carrying bag，which makes them handy for commuters with limited storage space at home or the office．They are lightweight yet strong and can be folded up quickly and easily．Folding bikes are also a good choice for those who want to travel with their bike．
F．Electric-assist bikes
These bikes feature a battery-powered motor that can help you climb hills easily or make your commute less strenuous．Built-in sensors can monitor how much pressure you're putting on the pedals and then apply battery power accordingly．
以下是一些用户信息，请把图片与相关介绍匹配起来。Tom is a bike lover．He wants to buy a road bike that can go fast on the road． Speed is important but it is more important for him to see the road and stay safe，since the road on which he rides is often full of traffic．
Jack is an office worker．Every day he goes to work by subway．There is still a long way from where he lives to the subway station，so he decides to buy a bike，which can be easily put at home，on the subway train and his office．
Peter loves making long-distance journey by bike．When travelling，he has to climb hills or ride on rocky trails，which makes him too tired to go．He wants to continue his journey even when he is tired，but he doesn’t want to travel by car or ride his motorbike．
Mark is a bike enthusiast who often rides in the mountainous areas．Unfortunately，his bike was damaged when he was riding on the mountain．Now he is going to buy a new mountain bike．Being a rich man，Mark doesn’t care about the price of the bike，but it must be tough and flexible enough to jump and drop on the mountain road．
Jim needs a new mountain bike that can be ridden on both paved and unpaved surfaces．It doesn’t need to be too expensive．He hopes to buy a bike that is lighter in weight than a typical full-suspension mountain bike
下面文章中有5处 （第1～5） 需要添加小标题。请从（A、B、C、D、E和F）中选出符合各段意思的小标题， 并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。
A. Decide to settle when growth is guaranteed.
B. Follow other people's paths.
C. Blame others for the fault.
D. Have faith in overnight success.
E. Only pay attention to the dreams themselves.
F. Believe someone else has the answers for you.
FIVE WAYS TO KILL YOUR DREAMS
I dedicated the past two years to understanding how people achieve their dreams. When we think about the dreams we have, and the footprint we want to leave in the universe, it is striking to see how big of an overlap there is between the dreams that we have and projects that never happen. So I'm here to talk to you today about five ways how not to follow your dreams.______
You know the story, right? The tech guy built a mobile app and sold it very fast for a lot of money. You know, the story may seem real, but I bet it's incomplete. If you go investigate further, the guy has done 30 apps before and he has done a master's on the topic, a Ph.D. He has been working on the topic for 20 years. This is really interesting. I myself have a story in Brazil that people think is an overnight success. I come from a humble family, and two weeks before the deadline to apply to MIT, I started the application process. And, voila! I got in. People may think it's an overnight success, but that only worked because for the 17 years prior to that, I took life and education seriously. Your overnight success story is always a result of everything you've done in your life through that moment.______
Constantly, people want to help out, right? All sorts of people: your family, your friends, your business partners, they all have opinions on which path you should take: "And let me tell you, go through this pipe." But whenever you go inside, there are other ways you have to pick as well. And you need to make those decisions yourself. No one else has the perfect answers for your life. And you need to keep picking those decisions, right? The pipes are infinite and you're going to bump your head, and it's a part of the process.______
So when your life is going great, you have put together a great team, and you have growing revenue, and everything is set — time to settle. When I launched my first book, I worked really, really hard to distribute it everywhere in Brazil. With that, over three million people downloaded it, over 50,000 people bought physical copies. When I wrote a sequel, some impact was guaranteed. Even if I did little, sales would be okay. But okay is never okay. When you're growing towards a peak, you need to work harder than ever and find yourself another peak. Maybe if I did little, a couple hundred thousand people would read it, and that's great already. But if I work harder than ever, I can bring this number up to millions. That's why I decided, with my new book, to go to every single state of Brazil. And I can already see a higher peak. There's no time to settle down.______
I constantly see people saying, "Yes, I had this great idea, but no investor had the vision to invest." "Oh, I created this great product, but the market is so bad, the sales didn't go well." Or, "I can't find good talent; my team is so below expectations." If you have dreams, it's your responsibility to make them happen. Yes, it may be hard to find talent. Yes, the market may be bad. But if no one invested in your idea, if no one bought your product, for sure, there is something there that is your fault. Definitely. You need to get your dreams and make them happen. And no one achieved their goals alone. But if you didn't make them happen, it's your fault and no one else's. Be responsible for your dreams.______
Once I saw an ad, and it was a lot of friends, they were going up a mountain, it was a very high mountain, and it was a lot of work. You could see that they were sweating and this was tough. And they were going up, and they finally made it to the peak. Of course, they decided to celebrate, right? I'm going to celebrate, so, "Yes! We made it, we're at the top!" Two seconds later, one looks at the other and says, "Okay, let's go down." Life is never about the goals themselves. Life is about the journey. Yes, you should enjoy the goals themselves, but people think that you have dreams, and whenever you get to reaching one of those dreams, it's a magical place where happiness will be all around. But achieving a dream is a momentary sensation, and your life is not. The only way to really achieve all of your dreams is to fully enjoy every step of your journey. That's the best way.
Attitudes Wired in Happy and Successful Brains
I’ve carefully examined happy and successful people from all different professions —actors, scientists, comedians, musicians, etc. They share very similar philosophies. Here are some of the fundamental attitudes and beliefs that contribute to their happiness and success:
◆ ①
This is one of the most commonly recited mottos in self-improvement. Individuals who see their mistakes and failures as a learning experience are much more prone to happiness and success.
When we adopt the belief that “failure is a part of learning,” we become more resilient and courageous in the face of new challenges.
Instead of avoiding situations where we may embarrass ourselves, we embrace these challenges in life, even when we know they can be risky and painful. When we do fail, we don’t see it as the end of the world, but a point to improve upon.
◆ ②
Many people are great at finding problems and being critical about their lives; however, they do this without ever suggesting a possible solution or alternative to their situation.
They complain about this and that, but they never take an active role to actually improve these things. They focus on problems not to learn from them or fix them, but to make excuses for why their lives are miserable and unpleasant.
I believe acknowledging problems in life is important. I don’t recommend that we ignore things in our life that disturb us or make us unhappy. However, it’s also important to think of ways we can actually respond to these problems and change our circumstances.
Ruminating over problems in our life without a plan to take action is not only a waste of time, but it makes us even more sad and depressed. If you’re going to be critical about something in your life, focus on the ways you can actually make a difference.
◆ ③
Happy and successful people are incredibly grateful for their lives and everything they have: their relationships, their home, their job, their possessions, their talents, their achievements, etc.
Although successful people are often thought of as always hungry and striving – always trying to improve things, achieve their goals, and make things better – this inner drive doesn’t take away from the fact they are very happy and content with their lives.
Gratitude is an irreplaceable characteristic of true happiness and success. Even if we achieve great things in life, without gratitude we often find ourselves empty and discontent. Make sure you take the time to reflect on how lucky you are as a person (I believe everyone can find something to be grateful for).
◆ ④
Happy and successful individuals know that we can learn a lot from other happy and successful individuals. Having peopled to look up to is a great resource for learning the beliefs and habits that contribute to other people’s success, and then modeling those beliefs and habits in our own lives.
If you want to improve a particular area of your life, then find a couple of people who already excel in that area of life. Study them. Ask them questions. Have them show you their technique and share their stories.
The more willing you are to learn from others, the more successful you will be. Talking and listening to others is one of the best ways to get more perspective into what you want to improve in life — and how you can do it.
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What does the underlined word “resilient” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
| A．depressed | B．regretful |
| C．romantic | D．flexible |
The author thinks if one merely focuses on problems, he’ll ________.
| A．find out a way to solve problems |
| B．ignore complaints about problems |
| C．use the problems as his excuses |
| D．acknowledge and solve problems |
People with gratitude ________.
| A．feel satisfied with his life |
| B．stop struggling in life |
| C．owe success to their own talents |
| D．reflect on their achievements |
The successful people may possess the following attitudes EXCEPT ________.
| A．gratitude and belief |
| B．courage and risk |
| C．willingness and luckiness |
| D．fortune and convention |
Choose the following sub-headings for Parts ①②③ and ④.
a. Learn from others b. Show your gratitude
c. Focus on solutions d. Learn from failure
| A．a b c d | B．d c b a |
| C．d a b c | D．a c b d |
Which of the following can be used to support the concept “Show your gratitude”？
| A．“He is a wise man who does not sigh for the things which he has not, but appreciates forthose which he has.” — Epictetus |
| B．“We think too small. Like the frog at the bottom of the well. He thinks the sky is only asbig as the top of the well. If he surfaced, he would have an entirely different view.” — Mao Tse-Tung |
| C．“Keep away from people who try to belittle your ambitions. Small people always do that, butthe really great make you feel that you, too, can become great.” — Mark Twain |
| D．“Failure is the foundation of success, and the means by which it is achieved. Success is the hiding-place of failure; but who can tell when the turning-point will come?” |
— Lao Tzu
Realizing your dreams is not a matter of possibility; it’s a matter of motivating yourself to focus on the right things．You know you should be doing something, but sometimes you just don’t feel like doing anything．This discouraging situation can last a long time if you don’t head it off and take action．Here are some daily motivation tricks that might work for you.________
This is by far the most important tip in this article, because in the end, all of the other tips in the world won’t make as much of a difference as this simple and timeless instruction: Sit down and get a move on! Do you feel the push-back of laziness? Reading more about motivation won’t help．Reviewing your to-do lists won’t help．Only doing actually helps get everything going．So stop thinking about how hard the task is going to be or how long it’s going to take you．Not starting is failing．Tell yourself, “As soon as I get going, I’ll feel more motivated.” And you’ll realize it’s not nearly as hard as you thought it would be.________
Be aware of your self-talk and stay confident．You have the choice to replace negative self-talk with a more encouraging and friendly voice．A voice that will consider your aim as not just a possibility, but a probability; A voice that does not look at the possibility of success before taking action, but rather uses self-belief as its driving force; A voice that all things are possible to those who commit to their dream.
Tell yourself over and over again that you can do it．See what effect it has．Persist with this kind of positivity and eventually you’ll feel better about whatever it is you want to get done, and you’ll even start to fool yourself into believing it’s true._______
There is no better way to recharge yourself for improvement than spending time with someone who motivates you．They are smart and can always encourage you to be better．Study their qualities．Study their habits．Surround yourself with them, talk to them, learn from them; they are already living and producing results at a level you admire and expect to．Compare stories, successes and failures．Let their inner light guide you.________
You have made so much progress, you just don’t realize it．Open your eyes and give yourself credit for all that you have done．Think about it．Write down your past successes．Consider using a journal to keep track of them．You’ll probably be pleasantly surprised when you review your results．It’s a great motivator to see how much you have improved and how far you have come．Be happy with your progress and move on.________
Do not judge unsuccessful attempts and mistakes as an indication of your future potential, but as part of the growth process．Something does not have to end well for it to have been one of the most valuable experiences of a lifetime．When times get tough, take a deep breath, and know that most great things come when you least expect it．Being defeated is a temporary condition; giving up is what makes it permanent．And most people that gave up didn’t realize how close they were to success．Push through!
| A．Get started! |
| B．Forget your failures. |
| C．Find and use your positive voice. |
| D．Think about how far you have come. |
E．Spend time with people who inspire you.
F．Accept failure as a positive learning experience.
A．How inner beliefs can help
B．Why are habits so important
C．How to develop positive habits
D．Improve your life
E．You can do it
F．Action plan
The single most important factor that contributes to success is what you do every single day．It is as simple as that．Your habits will determine whether you are successful or not．If you have strong and healthy positive habits，it does not matter whether or not you fail today because you are guaranteed to succeed in the long run．_________________________________
Because you repeat the same actions and the same behaviors every single day，a single positive action will not change your life，but the same action repeated 1,000 times will have a significant impact on your life．For example，if you go to the gym one time，you won’t see a big difference in your life．However，if you go to the gym 1,000 times over a five year period，you will see a big difference in your body．The same principle applies to finance，health，relationships，work，career，and school．Simple positive actions repeated every single day will have a great impact on your life in the long run．_________________________________
There’s nothing easier than developing positive habits．You simply have to do every single day the action you want to make a habit．If you want to develop the habit of running，run almost every day．If you want to develop the habit of eating healthy，eat healthy every day．If you want to develop the habit of reading，read every day．Habits are created by repetition．The more you do an action，the easier it becomes in the long run．________________________________
If you want to be successful in changing your habits，you should think about changing your inner beliefs about your habits．For example，your old belief was: “I love cigarette because it makes me feel good and relaxed．I need cigarette to be happy and relaxed．”If you keep this belief，you won’t be able to keep your resolution to stop smoking for very long．Instead，you should adopt this new belief: “I love yoga because it makes me feel good and relaxed．Cigarette is poisonous and destroys my body．Yoga makes me happy．” You should analyze your beliefs and make sure they won’t stop you from changing your habits．The same is true when you try to form positive habits．If you want to start eating healthy food，here are some positive beliefs you should start thinking about: “Healthy food is very good for my health．It gives me a lot of energy and I feel very good．”___________________________________
It’s now time for you to develop positive habits in your life and avoid your negative habits．Write down 3 positive habits that you would like to develop and 3 negative habits that you would like to get rid of．For each positive habit，write down exactly what actions you’re going to take every single day in order to develop the new habit．For each negative habit，write down exactly what actions you’re not going to take in the next weeks．Here are some positive habits that will lead to success: exercise，healthy food，reading，saving，studying，healthy relationships，hard work，etc．Here are some negative habits to get rid of: gambling，drug and alcohol abuse，overeating，shyness，etc．___________________________________
Everybody can change．All it takes is courage and commitment．Decide right now to improve your life by changing your habits．Take action right now！Don’t be afraid．Yes，you will probably make mistakes along the way．But never forget that success is guaranteed for you if you have positive habits in your life．If you refuse to quit，success will be yours．
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