June26,2000—theHumanGenome(基因组

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更新 2022-09-03
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June 26, 2000 — the Human Genome(基因组) Project, a great $3 billion, 15-year task aimed at drawing the genetic map of humans, is now more than 90 percent completed. The scientific and medical communities are very excited about the chances genetic research provides for getting rid of diseases and prolonging(延长) human life. But those communities and policy makers also are careful about the scientific door they are opening as the project uncovers the mysteries of life.
For the last few years, the genetic advances in the developing field of biotechnology have provides material for all kinds of work, but the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of the human genetic code(密码) have opened a world of possibilities for human health, as well as for the popular imagination.
While European and Japanese researchers are making rapid progress in decoding(解码) human DNA, the leading organization for genetic research is in the United States, which began in 1990, is “unlocking the code” of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal diseases. Already, the Human Genome Project has become widely known and praised for finding the genes connected with terrible diseases as yet(迄今), and making progress toward separating the genes that show a sign of breast cancer or AIDS.
Once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections, and genetic diseases. Medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses.
Why did the scientists work hard at mapping the human genome?

A．Because the human genome can destroy many illnesses.

B．Because the human genome's completion can help them get rid of many diseases.

C．Because they wanted to be better known than others.

D．Because the human genome can provide a lot of chances of work.

Which country studied the genes most rapidly in the world?

A．Japan.

B．Germany.

C．The United States.

D．China.

Which of the following is NOT true?

A．If the genes can be found, scientists can study many new ways to cure illnesses.

B．The scientists have made great progress in connecting the genes with the cancers.

C．Many medical companies show great interest in drawing the human genome map.

D．The United States began the Genes Study early in the 19th century.

The author suggests that the Human Genome Project can cause _______.

A．the policy makers to feel very worried and careful

B．the scientists to work harder

C．many people to find work easily

D．a lot of companies to produce many new drugs

The main idea of this article is about _______.

A．unlocking genetic code

B．the genes' discovery

C．the great human genome

D．the genes and the scientists

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相关试题

C
Today, air travel is far safer than driving a car on a busy motorway. But still there is a danger that grows every year. Airliners get larger and larger. Some airplanes can carry over 300 passengers. And the air itself becomes more and more crowded. If one large airliner struck into another in mid-air, 600 lives could be lost.
From the moment an airliner takes off to the moment it lands, every movement is watched on radar screens. Air traffic controllers tell the pilot exactly when to turn, when to climb, and when to come down. The air traffic controllers around a busy airport like London-Heathrow may deal with 2,500 planes a day. Not all of them actually land at the airport. Any plane that flies near the airport comes under the orders of the controllers there. Even a small mistake on their part could cause a terrible accident.
Recently such a disaster almost happened. Two large jets were flying towards the airport. One was carrying 69 passengers from Toronto, the other 176 passengers from Chicago. An air traffic controller noticed on his radar screen that the two planes were too close to each other. He ordered one to turn to the right and to climb. But he made a mistake. He ordered the wrong plane to do this. So, instead of turning away from the second plane, the first plane turned towards it. Fifteen seconds later it flew directly in front of the second plane. They avoided each other by the smallest part of a second. The distance between them was less than that of a large swimming pool. This is an example of the danger that grows every year.
63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Traveling by air is as safe as by car.
B. Traveling by air is not as safe as by car.
C. Traveling by car is as dangerous as by air.
D. Traveling by car is more dangerous than by air.
64. The air traffic controllers of an airport ____________ .
A. control all the planes flying near the airport
B. give orders to planes leaving the airport
C. only deal with the planes that want to land there
D. are ordered to handle 2500 planes a day in England
65. The danger of air crashes grows every year because ___________ .
A. airliners are getting larger and air traffic is becoming heavier
B. a pilot does not always hear a controller’s order
C. a controller is likely to make more and more mistakes
D. airports can hardly serve the growing number of airplanes
66. The example in the passage is to show that _________________ .
A. air traffic controllers are often careless
B. air traffic controllers should pay much attention to avoiding accidents
C. it is difficult for airplanes to avoid terrible accidents
D. two planes should not fly too close to each other

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B
The desire to make explorations is born with man. Wherever his imagination goes, man also has a strong wish to go. A large part of human history is connected with the exploration of the world in which we live. Again and again people have set out with surprising courage and patience to look into unknown regions(地区) and lands to see what had not yet been seen. With kites, balloons and aircraft they left the ground to pass through the lower atmosphere. Now the outer space receives their attention.
Why should man take the trouble of(不怕麻烦) conquering(征服) space? It is hard to list the specific practical benefits that will result in. But one knows, from past experience in other areas, that man will surely see and discover new things in space that will increase our scientific knowledge, and this new knowledge will find its way into valuable practical uses. What we learn about man himself, from his experience in space, and from the effects of space and the space flight environment on him, will be extremely valuable. The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find practical uses in everyday life in some way. The areas that will benefit are manifold.They include communication, transportation and travel, food production, materials, fuels and many others. But to say definitely(肯定地) just what the practical results will be is almost impossible.
59．The man idea of the first paragraph is that________.
A．man desires to explore what is unknown
B．man often goes wherever his dreams go
C．man is no longer interested in the study of the land and sea now
D．man’s history is his exploration of the world
60．The underlined word "manifold" in the second paragraph probably means________.
A．vast B．various C．valuable D．practical
61．The author seems to be in favor of (赞成)________.
A．doubting the necessity of the space exploration
B．the exploration of space
C．exploring more in space than in other areas
D．his experiencing in space
62．In the last sentence of paragraph 2 the phrase "practical results" refers to the results___________.
A．that are gained from experience
B．that can be learned as knowledge
C．that can benefit us human beings
D．that help us make further exploration

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第三部份：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
A
Some people think that they will get ill if they use their brains (大脑) too much.. It is not true. Through many studies, scientists show us that the more you use your brains, the better it will be, and the cleverer you will become.
Of course, if you want to keep your mind clear and active, you must take a proper rest and study properly. To the teenagers, using their brains in the morning is good for their health.
There are many ways to rest. One is a peaceful rest. Sleep is a peaceful rest. Another is an active rest. For example, take a walk outdoors, do more exercises every day. To change the way of the brains’ activities is also a good way to rest.
In everyday life, to eat some eggs, meat, fresh vegetables and fruit（水果）is also good for the brains.
Wish you a wise man and a happy life.
56. According to the writer of the passage, our brains should be used _________.
A. hardly           B. seldom          C. more often               D. at times
57. Which is true?
A. Illness comes from the fact the brains are used too much.
B. Fruits are the most important for the brains.
C. The brains will be better if they are used often.
D. Sleep is the only way of having a rest.
58. Which of the following can be used as the best title for the passage?
A. How to use your brains                     B. How to rest
C. How to become a wise man                 D. Keep your mind clear

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B
Typing your password or credit card number into a computer is a moment’s work. But if you think your personal details disappear as soon as you hit the Return key, think again: they can sit on the computer’s hard disk for years waiting for a hacker to rip them off.
As people spend more time on the web and hackers become more sophisticated, the dangers of storing personal information on computers are growing by the day, security experts say. There are some safeguards, such as never allowing your computer to store your passwords. But even that is no guarantee of security.
When you type in a password, it is stored in random access memory (RAM), where it is held temporarily until other data overwrites it or the computer is switched off.
But every so often, the computer copies the contents of its RAM onto hard disk, where it is easy prey for a hacker, who can read it directly or design a worm to e-mail it back. The longer sensitive data stays in RAM, the more likely it is to be copied onto the disk, where it stays until it is overwritten—which might not happen for years.
Tal Garfinkel and colleagues from Stanford University have created a software tool which simulates the workings of a complete computer system. Within the simulation, sensitive data can be tagged and then tracked as it passes through the system. Next, Garfinkel and his team simulated computers running common software that regularly handles passwords or confidential personal information, such as Internet Explorer, the Windows login script and Apache server software.
In a paper to be presented, they conclude that the programs took virtually no measures to limit the length of time the information is retained. Some of the tested software even copied the sensitive information, apparently without restraint.
This is the first time anyone has tried to measure the extent of this problem, says Rebecca Wright, a security expert at Stevens Institute of Technology. Garfinkel hopes the results will arouse software developers to take action.
40．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．It is secure to use your password as long as you hit the Return key.
B．Your personal details is likely to be in danger if you spend more time on the web.
C．Your password will be safe if you have some safeguards.
D．Never allowing your computer to store your passwords will be safe.
41．Which of the following is NOT the reason for the unsafety of a password?
A．It will be stored in RAM.
B．It will be copied onto hard disk.
C．It might not be overwritten.
D．It will disappear as soon as you hit the return key.
42．Tal Garfinkel and his team measured the extent of security of .
A．simulating the working of a complete computer system
B．tagging sensitive data
C．passing through the system
D．running common software
43 What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The length of the time the information is stored is not limited.
B．The programs can not retain the information.
C．The security problem should be paid more attention to.
D．Some sensitive information has been copied.

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III.阅读理解
A
Some experts feel that cars are certain to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all cars will be deserted and made useless. Other experts, however, think the car is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of city travel in the foreseeable future.
The car will undoubtedly change greatly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more practical, and should not be powered by the gas engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.
Unless changes take place in the power system, the car in the future will still be the main problem in city traffic jams. One suggested solution to this essential problem is the automated（自动的）system, which seems to hold water.
When the car enters the highway system, a small arm will drop from the car and connect with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once joined to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the car will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car’s movements.
The driver will use the telephone to dial instructions about his position and the place he heads for into the system. The computer will find the best way and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will be free to relax and wait for the call that will warn him of his coming exit .It is believed that an automated highway will be able to deal with 10, 000 cars per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 cars that can be carried by a present –day highway.
36．What is the main concern of the author of the passage?
A．How to make cars pollution-free.
B．How to make cars smaller and safer.
C．How to solve the problem of traffic jam.
D．How to develop an automated subway system.
37．We can infer from this passage that         .
A．the car connected to the rail on the highway will be powered by electricity
B．the lack of oil is forcing people to find new means to power automobiles
C．the driver under the system will be told where to get out of the highway
D．The future car will become larger, faster, prettier and less expensive
38．What provides cars with electric power in an automated highway system?
A．An engine.                                          B．A rail.
C．A computer controller.                         D．A small arm.
39．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．The driver puts his information in the system by e—mail.
B．The new system can deal with 10 times as many cars as the present one.
C．After entering the automated system, the driver needs to do nothing but relax himself.
D．Some experts are not confident of the future, while the author is in favor of the opposite
view.

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