Many drivers think driving their vehicle is the only mode of transportation．However，high fuel prices have forced many consumers to look for alternative transportation．Alternative transportation is more efficient than driving your vehicle everywhere．If more drivers used alternative transportation，such as the public transit system, riding a bike, buying a hybrid vehicle or carpooling，then they would save hundreds of dollars．
Carpooling is an alternative mode of transportation consisting of more than two commuters(固定路线上班者) sharing a vehicle． Commuters that live near each other，share a common destination and have the same work hours form the simplest and most common carpool arrangement．It is a simple way for individuals to take part in the climate change challenge while saving money，reducing traffic jam and air pollution，and saving energy along the way．The more people in a carpool，the greater the savings．
Most carpoolers agree that the good company of their fellow carpoolers is a benefit that they really enjoy．Agreement on a few simple points will ensure that your carpool stays a happy one．Although these points seem to be just common sense，there are a few specific rules
that you may want to consider．
Carpooling is encouraged in many big cities around the world through computerized matching of riders with similar commute patterns and preferenees to tackle rush hour traffic jams and reduce pollution．There are websites providing assistance to individuals who are considering carpooling as an alternate means of commuting．However，some Shanghai city government departments drew criticism for banning the practice because it disrupted the taxi service market．
Driving Alone vs．Carpooling Approximate cost per person annually of 22 cents per mile for gas, maintenance, tired and depreciation(折旧).
| Round-trip miles |
Cost to drive alone per year |
Cost if 2 people carpoo1 per year |
Cost if 3 people carpoo1 per year |
| 10 |
$ 554 |
$ 277 |
$ 184 |
| 20 |
$ 1108 |
$ 554 |
$ 369 |
| 30 |
$ 1663 |
$ 831 |
$ 554 |
| 40 |
$ 2217 |
$ 1108 |
$ 739 |
| 50 |
$ 2772 |
$ 1386 |
$ 924 |
| 100 |
$ 5544 |
$ 2772 |
$ 1848 |
61．The second paragraph mainly tells us_________
A．what is carpooling B．why we carpoo1
C．the advantages of carpooling D．brief history of carpooling
62．Carpooling has the following benefits EXCEPT ________.
A．strengthening friendship B．saving money
C.saving time D．reducing air pollution
63．Compared with a person driving alone，how much can you save in a year if you carpool with two persons for about 50 miles of round-trip?
A．$ 2772． B．$ 924 C．$ 1386 D．$ 1848
64．This passage doesn’t tell us anything about________．
A．people’s attitudes towards carpooling
B．the problems caused by carpooling in Western countries
C. how to arrange carpooling
D．the officials’attitudes towards carpooling
65．From this passage we can inier that________．
A．people who can not afford to buy a car 1ike carpooling most
B． carpooling will be banned in developing countries like China.
C. whether carpoollng is good or not is still under discussion
D．carpooling is a promising way that can benefit both people and environment
Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(伤口) in a patient’s body in order to gain access to the internal organs. It was once common for heart surgeons, who perform highly specialized and complex procedures, to make long incisions in a patient’s chest and then split the breastbone to reach the heart. Patients who undergo surgery are often at the risk of infection, as bacteria can infect the cut in the skin. In addition, there is often a lengthy recovery period.
A surgical technique known as “keyhole surgery” has become more common in recent years. In general, the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed. Tubes are pushed into the holes, and a tiny camera, which is called an endoscope, is put into the body. The camera is attached to a large monitor screen that is positioned so that the doctor can see it while he performs the operation. In addition to the camera, doctors also push their tiny surgical instruments through the tubes. The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say, if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left, he or she must push it to the right.
Other advancements in technology are also being used today in the OR (operation room). A new machine called the “da Vinci Surgical System” has been tested in hospitals in the U.S.. Unlike keyhole surgery, the da Vinci’s robot’s moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon, thus providing better control and sensitivity. The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console(控制台). Sitting at a console a few feet from the patient, the surgeon can perform an operation by holding and moving highly sensitive pads that enable him or her to control the instruments. The area of the body on which the surgeon is working is enlarged on a screen, which is attached to the console. This gives surgeons a realistic three-dimensional view of the area — similar to what they would see during a traditional surgical procedure.
Although the da Vinci Surgical System is undergoing some trials for some procedures, it has been welcomed as revolutionary by many surgeons. Patients with serious illnesses must still undergo major surgery, but the smaller incisions and less invasive procedures typically mean that a shorter recovery time is needed. In some cases, the patient’s stay in the hospital has been cut in half when the da Vinci Surgical System was used. On the downside, some operations have taken up to fifty minutes longer because surgeons are inexperienced at using the new technology. As surgeons become more familiar with the machines, the time needed for surgical procedures is likely to decrease.What can be learned about the traditional surgery according to the passage?
| A．The cost of the traditional surgery is very high. |
| B．It often leaves a large wound in a person’s body. |
| C．Long incisions are made in a patient’s chest. |
| D．The incision is often infected after the operation. |
Which of the following is one DISADVANTAGE of keyhole surgery?
| A．It requires the use of long, thin tools and a tiny camera. |
| B．The doctor can not view the inside of the patient’s body clearly. |
| C．The direction in which a doctor moves the surgical tools is reversed. |
| D．An endoscope has to be inserted into the patient’s body in advance. |
The da Vinci Surgical System differs from keyhole surgery in that _______.
| A．requires that a surgeon make more small incisions on a patient |
| B．reduces the amount of time it takes to perform a surgical procedure |
| C．allows the surgeon to use the surgical instruments more sensitively |
| D．eliminates the need for surgeons to make large incisions on patients |
The passage mainly tells the reader ________.
| A．the challenges brought about by new technology |
| B．the benefits and drawbacks of the da Vinci Surgical System |
| C．the reflections on the development in medical science |
| D．the application of new technologies in modern surgery |
The Campus Bookstore
Bookie’s, the campus bookstore is located at the Campus Activity Centre, main floor.
Bookie’s is the only place in Kamloops to buy your course textbooks. There is a booklist in the bookstore listing the books required for each course. If you need help in finding your course textbooks, ask any of the staff in the bookstore.
There are more than just textbooks at bookie’s. They carry a wide variety of stationary, art supplies and gift items. You can also buy telephone cards, postage stamps and bus passes. You must show your student card to get a discount for the bus passes.
TEXTBOOK RETURNS
1) Do I need my receipt to return books?
Yes.
2) How long do I have to return books?
Books purchased must be returned within ten working days of the date of the purchase.
3) What if I wrote my name in the book?
Unfortunately, we can not give you a full refund for books not in mint condition as publishers will not accept this for credit.
4) What happens if I miss the last day for return?
We may purchase the text book as “used” in accordance with our Buyback program.
5) Ｗhat if I discover that my book has missing pages half way through the semester?
We will replace the defective books, new or used, for a like copy of that title. Cash refunds are not given for defective books returned outside the normal return dates. BUYBACKS
1) What books do you buy back?
We buy back all current edition textbooks. If we do not use them at UCC, we buy them back according to the value established in the North American marketplace.
2) How much do I get for my books?
If bookie’s is buying the book for use at UCC, you will receive 50% of the current new retail price. In order to receive optimum buyback price, discs and supplements must accompany the book.
3) What happens to the books that I sell?
Books for bookie’s are processed by our staff and sold to students at 75% of the new retail price.
4) What condition do my books need to be in?
Books should be in good condition, meaning that the cover is still attached and all pages intact. Highlighting, notes and markings on the pages are perfectly fine. Workbooks and study guides are generally not purchased back unless they are free of all markings. No sales receipt is required for these books.
Bookstore Hours
Monday–Thursday 9:00am–6:00pm
Friday 9:00am–5:00pm
Saturday and Sunday Closed The intended readers of this passage are _______.
| A．Book dealers | B．University students | C．Publishers | D．Campus staff |
The underlined word “defective” can best be replaced by ________.
| A．latest | B．adapted | C．new | D．faulty |
Bookie’s will not buy back your used textbook if _______.
| A．the cover of the book is missing | B．there are markings and notes on the pages |
| C．you have lost the sales receipt | D．you miss the last day for return |
Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
| A．Bookie’s is a place for students to buy their course textbooks. |
| B．Student cards are needed to get a discount for the textbooks. |
| C．Books bought in bookie’s can be returned within ten working days. |
| D．Books bought back are processed by the staff and sold to students. |
The two-week vacation at the end of summer school ended yesterday. Kevin had gone nowhere during his vacation. He had the money, but he hated to travel alone. He used to take vacations with Gary, his youngest brother, but they had a big argument at the end of their last vacation. Each of them had spent the last three years waiting for the other to apologize.
Kevin did not feel good about being on non-speaking terms with his favorite brother. But he was not going to ask for forgiveness when, in his mind, this whole misunderstanding was his brother’s fault.
So Kevin’s summer vacation was spent in his own “back yard.” As usual, he had planned to clean up his apartment. As usual, two weeks later his apartment looked just as it had two weeks before.
He did do one thing new and different during his vacation. There was a new coffee shop on Foothill Street. It served 25 varieties of delicious coffee at reasonable prices, and the staff was genuinely friendly. The shop was air-conditioned at a slightly chilly temperature. About eight small round tables were inside. Outside were four bigger tables. Each had four white metal chairs around it, and several big umbrellas provided shade. Even on hot afternoons, there was usually a pleasant breeze.
Kevin visited the coffee shop four times during his vacation. He always sat at a table outside by himself and read the free daily paper. Each day he was there, he read most of the newspaper articles while he enjoyed two cups of coffee.
Between articles, he took breaks by watching the nearby traffic and pedestrians. The coffee shop was next to a huge parking lot. The lot was for customers of a grocery store, movie rental store, pharmacy, bank, and restaurant. Kevin considered his outdoor seat the perfect place for one of his favorite activities—people watching.
The coffee shop, with its excellent location and coffee, had helped make his vacation a pleasant one. But he knew in his heart, had his brother been there to join him just one day, his vacation would have been a perfect one. Why didn’t Kevin go anywhere during his vacation？
| A．Because he was short of money. | B．Because he didn’t like traveling. |
| C．Because he had no company. | D．Because he had to clean up his apartment. |
What did Kevin do in his vacation?
| A．He cleaned up his apartment. | B．He had a big argument with Gary. |
| C．He worked in a parking lot. | D．He stayed at home most of the time. |
Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the coffee house?
| A．It served delicious coffee of different flavors. |
| B．It had an effective air-conditioning system. |
| C．It was often crowded with local customers. |
| D．It provided free newspapers for customers. |
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Who buy the presents? How much should we spend? Questions about money like these ___50___ during the holidays, and they can turn this wonderful season into the most ___51___ time of the year.
The ___52___ cause of holiday stress is money issues, according to a recent poll by the American Psychological Association (APA). The survey found that 61 percent of Americans ___53___ lack of money as the top cause of family tensions, holiday blues and depression.
“People believe that they can go out and buy gifts because it’s the holidays, ___54___they can’t afford to do so,” says Dorothy Cantor, a noted psychologist and former APA president. “Not only is it stressful to feel that you have to buy everyone an expensive gift, but you will also be stressed for the rest of the year trying to pay your ___55___. You can show love and caring by giving something that you know is meaningful and ___56___ that doesn’t have to cost a lot.”
While managing money issues during the holiday season can be a ___57___, financial experts agree that you can ___58___ pressure by planning ahead, exhibiting patience and managing expectations to make the holiday season enjoyable and worry-free.
For starters, make an agreement with family members to discuss holiday spending and finances before you make any ___59___. The goal here is to learn one another’s thoughts and feelings about priorities and wishes. Be realistic, decide together on a budget and only use cash, rather than using credit cards. Avoid getting ___60___ unreasonable expectations. It makes no ___61___ to buy gifts you can not afford and put additional financial and emotional stress on yourself and your family that will cause problems long after the holidays are over.
Other ways to ___62___ the burden of money-related holiday blues include an understanding that everyone faces money problems at one time or another. It’s important to keep your ___63___ situation in perspective, to learn from experience and then to proceed with your life.
And lastly, make focusing on financial solutions a part of your New Year’s resolution. It’s the perfect time to take a __64___ approach by doing some soul-searching, forgiving yourself, letting go of the past and dealing with your financial problems in a businesslike manner each day.
A．break up B．pop up C．put out D．wipe out
A．ridiculous B．inconvenient C．stressful D．mysterious
A．immediate B．social C．hidden D．leading
A．listed B．felt C．resisted D．charged
A．as if B．even if C．as long as D．if only
A．price B．life C．rates D．bills
A．success B．reminder C．pleasure D．challenge
A．polish B．postpone C．minimize D．preserve
A．excuses B．purchases C．statements D．inquiries
A．caught up in B．ended up with C．put up in D．made up for
A．efforts B．revenge C．desire D．sense
A．ease B．resign C．launch D．transfer
A．inadequate B．financial C．internal D．private
A．reverse B．tender C．grand D．positive
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Some people with autism(孤独症) have _____ experts with their outstanding memories, mathematical skills or musical talent. Now scientists have found that the genes thought to cause autism may also confer(给予) mathematical, musical and other skills on people without the condition.
The finding has ____ from a study of autism among 378 Cambridge University students, which found the condition was up to seven times more common among mathematicians than students in other fields.
If ____, it could explain why autism － a ___
___that makes it hard to communicate with, and relate to, others ─ continues to exist in all types of society. It suggests the genes responsible are usually ___
__, causing the disease only if present in the wrong combinations. “Our understanding of autism is undergoing a ___
__,” said Professor Simon Baron-Cohen, director of the autism research centre at Cambridge, who led the study.
“It seems clear that genes play a significant role in the causes of autism and that those genes are also _____ to certain intellectual skills.”
Scientists have long been interested by the apparent _____ between autism and intellectual gifts in specific fields. This has made autism a hot topic in popular culture, from films such as Rain Man, which starred Dustin Hoffman and Tom Cruise, to books such as The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Nighttime.
Temple Grandin, 61, was diagnosed（诊断） with autism as a child and is now professor of animal sciences at Colorado State University. She said: “People with autism have played a vital role in human evolution and culture. Scientists such as Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein show every _____ of having been autistic. The world owes a great deal to those who design and programme computers, many of whom show autistic traits.”
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