Being alone in outer space can be frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo (单独的) space flights were given plenty of work to keep them 21 . They were also constant communication with people on the earth. 22 , being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine (潜水艇) voyages. It will also happen on 23 space flights in the future. Will there be special problem of adjustment under such conditions?
Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of 24 is. When men are 25 together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very 26 .
Apparently, although no one wants to be 27 all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together, they are in what is called a stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of 28 or stress.
People who are well-adjusted are able to 29 stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in 30 our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress.
21. A. tired B. asleep C. conscious D. busy
22. A. So far B. After all C. However D. Therefore
23. A. long B. fast C. dangerous D. direct
24. A. fuel B. entertainment C. adjustment D. health
25. A. shut up B. held up C. brought up D. picked up
26. A. pleasing B. annoying C. common D. valuable
27. A. noisy B. alone C. personal D. sociable
28. A. emphasis B. conflict C. power D. pressure
29. A. handle B. create C. affect D. investigate
30. A. becoming B. choosing C. ordering D. promoting
第三部分：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
Two men, both seriously ill, occupied the same hospital room. One man was allowed to sit up in his bed for an hour each 16 to help drain the fluid(排出流质) from his lungs. His bed was next to the room’s only window. The other man had to spend all his time 17 on his back.
The men talked for hours on end. They spoke of their families, their homes, their jobs and a whole lot of things. Every afternoon when the man in the bed by the window could sit up, he would pass the time by 18 to his roommate what he could see 19 the window.
The man in the other bed began to 20 for those one-hour periods when his 21 would be broadened and brightened by all the activity and color of the world outside.
The window overlooked a 22 with a lovely lake. Ducks and swans played on the water while children 23 their model boats. Young lovers walked arm in arm among 24 of every color and a fine 25 of the city skyline could be seen in the 26 . As the man described all this, the man on the other side of the room would close his eyes and 27 the beautiful scene.
Days and weeks passed. One morning, the day nurse arrived to find the man by the window, had died 28 in his sleep. Later, the other man asked 29 he could be moved next to the window. The nurse was happy to make the switch.
Slowly, painfully, he managed to 30 and take his first look at the 31 world outside. Surprisingly, it 32 a blank wall.
The next day he learned from the nurse that the man was 33 and could not 34 see the wall. She said, “Perhaps he just wanted to 35 you.”
16. A. morning B. afternoon C. evening D. night
17. A. flat B. quiet C. still D. calm
18. A. listening B. talking C. describing D. explaining
19. A. beyond B. outside C. behind D. near
20. A. look B. live C. prepare D. work
21. A. health B. dream C. world D. career
22. A. garden B. farm C. mountain D. park
23. A. made B. rowed C. took D. sailed
24. A. trees B. flowers C. houses D. birds
25. A. photo B. map C. view D. appearance
26. A. distance B. hospital C. future D. sky
27. A. enjoy B. experience C. sense D. imagine
28. A. peacefully B. painfully C. sadly D. bravely
29. A. when B. if C. how D. why
30. A. climb up B. stand up C. sit up D. turn up
31. A. real B. noisy C. ordinary D. new
32. A. contained B. covered C. connected D. faced
33. A. mad B. blind C. ill D. dead
34. A. yet B. just C. even D. clearly
35. A. support B. fool C. cure D. encourage
I will never forget the year I was about twelve years old. My mother told us that we would not be1Christmas gifts because there was not enough money. I felt sad and thought, "What would I say when the other kids asked what I'd2?" Just when I started to3that there would not be a Christmas that year, three women4at our house with gifts for all of us. For me they brought a doll. I felt such a sense of5that I would no longer have to be embarrassed when I returned to school. I wasn't6. Somebody had thought7of me to bring me a gift.
Years later, when I stood in the kitchen of my new house, thinking how I wanted to make my8Christmas there special and memorable, I9remembered the women's visit. I decided that I wanted to create that same feeling of10for as many children as I could possibly reach.
So I11a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help. We gathered about 125 orphans (孤儿) at the Christmas party. For every child, we wrapped colorful packages filled with toys, clothes, and school supplies,12with a child's name. We wanted all of them to know they were.13. Before I called out their names and handed them their gifts, I14them that they couldn't open their presents15every child had come forward. Finally the16they had been waiting for came as I called out, "One, two, three. Open your presents!" As the children opened their packages, their faces beamed and their bright smiles17up the room. The18in the room was obvious, and19wasn't just about toys. It was a feeling - the feeling I knew20that Christmas so long ago when the women came to visit. I wasn't forgotten. Somebody thought of me. I matter.
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Introduction to Letters to Sam
Dear Reader,
Please allow me to tell you something before you read this book. When my1, Sam, was born, my heart was filled with joy. I had been sitting in a wheelchair for 20 years before then, and I have been2ill many times. So I wondered if I would have the3to tell Sam what I had4.
For years I have been hosting a program on the5and writing articles for a magazine. Being6to move freely, I have learned to sit still and keep my heart7, exchanging thoughts with thousands of listeners and8. So when Sam was born, I9to tell him about school and friendship, romance and work, love and everything else. That's how I started to write these10. I hope that Sam would11them sooner or later.
However, that expectation12when Sam showed signs of autism (自闭症) at the age of two. He had actually stopped talking before the discovery of the signs. He13to communicate with others, even the family members. That was14for me but didn't stop me writing on. I realized that I had even15now to tell him. I wanted him to16what it means to be "different" from others, and learn how to fight against the misfortune he'll17as I myself, his grandfather, did. I just18if I could write all that I wanted to say in the rest of my life.
Now,19the book has been published, I have been given the chance. Every chapter in the book is a letter to Sam: some about my life, and all about what it means to be a20.
D aniel Gottlieb
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When I first entered university, my aunt, who id an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary. I was1to see that it was an English-English dictionary, also known as a monolingual dictionary.2it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners, none of my classmates had one3, to be honest, I found it extremely4to use at first. I would look up words in the dictionary and5not fully understand the meanings. I was used to the6bilingual dictionaries, in which the word are7both in English and Chinese. I really wondered why my aunt8to make things so difficult for me. Now, after studying English at university for three years, I9that monolingual dictionaries are10in learning a foreign language.
As I found out, there is,11, often no perfect equivalence(对应)between two12in two languages. My aunt even goes so far as to13that a Chinese "equivalent" can never give you the14meaning of a word in English!15, she insisted that I read the definition(定义)of a word in a monolingual dictionary16I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning.17, I have come to see what she meant.
Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way. This dictionary uses a(n)18number of words, around 2,000, in its definitions. When I read these definitions, I am19exposed to(接触)the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.20this, I can express myself more easily in English.
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A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool.A letter can be enjoyed,read and1. It can set up a warm conversation between two people far apart(远离的)；it can keep a2with very little effort.
I will give3. A few years ago my older brother and I were not getting4We had been close as5but had grown apart. Our meetings were not6; our conversation was filled with arguments and quarrels; and every effort to clear the air seemed to only7our misunderstanding. Then he8a small island in the Caribbean and we9touch .One day he wrote me a letter. He describeb his island and its people, told me what he was doing,said how he felt,and encouraged me to10. Rereading the letter, I was11by its humor(幽默)and clever expressions,These were all qualities for which I had12respected my order brother but13he no longer had them.I had never known he could write so14.And with that one letter we became friends15.
It might never have occurred to16to write me if he had not been in a place where there were no17,For him, writing was a necessity, It also turned out to be the best way for us to get back in touch.Because we live in an age of18communication(通讯),people often19that they don't always have to phone or email. They have a20. And that is to write.
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