江苏南京盐城两市高三第一次模拟考试英语试卷

The scientist does not study nature ________ it is useful to do so. He studies it because he takes pleasure in it.

— Mom! Jack has broken a cup!
— Doesn’t matter. Accidents ________ happen.

Home is ________ somebody notices when you are no longer there.

— Could you please explain the assignment for Monday, Miss Smith?
— Certainly. Read the next chapter and come to class ________ to discuss what you’ve read.

They eat only plant foods, and take care to ________ animal products from other areas of their lives.

— Did you stay at the party until the very end last night?
— No, I left as early as was ________ with politeness.

Believe it or not, your ship isn’t quite sunk, as there are some ways to ________ a new career even if it’s something you’ve never done before.

Maury Brown of Forbes reports that Major League Baseball’s annual ________ for 2014 will top $9 billion.

— Alan seems a lot taller than when I last saw him.
— He ________. He’s grown a foot since you saw him in Shanghai.

Personal space is the region surrounding a person ________ they regard as psychologically theirs.

On two occasions he was accused of stealing money from the company, but in neither case ______ any evidence to support the claims.

A great deal of hotel business comes from people travelling not just for holidays but by people travelling ________ their business activities.

You are not ________ to unemployment benefit if you have never worked.

We guarantee that all your personal information will be treated ________ and there should be no fear at all of identity theft.

— I can’t bear the air pollution in this city anymore. It is getting worse and worse.
— ________! We’ve never had so many chemical factories before.

Everyone enjoys a fitting reply; it is wonderful to say the right thing at the right time!
When I was a senior in high school, I         knew I wanted to pursue writing as a career.
Writing had basically         me when I was only 7 years old,         since that time, I’d been bombarded by guidance counselors and career planners who all         me to have “a back-up plan” in case writing didn’t work out.
I’d never even         a different career path, so I was very         and worried. After much thought, I decided         would be my “back-up plan,” and I signed up for a class through my high school.
This         that every morning, I would serve as a teacher’s helper for my favorite 6th grade teacher, Mr. Ralston. Morning after morning, I showed up in Mr. Ralston’s classroom and    papers for him.
Sometimes, I even         a lesson or two. It was fun, and the students seemed to like me, so I was surprised when it came time for my        . Mr. Ralston looked me right in the eyes and asked, “Do you really want to teach?”
“Had I really been that        ?” I thought.
“Don’t misunderstand. You’ll do fine in teaching,” he continued. “But, is your        really in it?”
“Not really,” I       . “I want to write. I want to write news stories and fiction and poetry and so much more…but I’ve been told it’s tough to make it as a writer         I thought maybe I would teach and then use my summers         to pursue writing.”
As I shared with Mr. Ralston my hopes, dreams and carefully plotted-out back-up plan, he smiled and said, “Why are you preparing to        with this back-up plan? If you want to be a writer, go for it! Pursue writing!”
Mr. Ralston’s         to follow my dreams was the little nudge I needed to help me push past my         of not making it as a writer and simply “Go for it!”
That’s what an encouraging word will do when spoken in love in         season. So, let’s try and be like Mr. Ralston and speak that word of encouragement at just the right time and make a difference in someone’s life today.

A．even B．never C．already D．also

A．reminded B．entertained C．accompanied D．chosen

A．or B．and C．for D．but

A．urged B．forced C．taught D．persuaded

A．created B．taken C．considered D．examined

A．embarrassed B．confused C．annoyed D．frightened

A．writing B．teaching C．studying D．compiling

A．meant B．indicated C．suggested D．revealed

A．read B．set C．graded D．composed

A．reviewed B．skipped C．took D．presented

A．application B．evaluation C．instruction D．qualification

A．transparent B．shallow C．superior D．ambitious

A．eye B．mind C．heart D．focus

A．interrupted B．joked C．admitted D．apologized

A．unless B．if C．because D．so

A．up B．apart C．along D．off

A．fail B．follow C．depart D．compete

A．encouragement B．determination C．tendency D．attempt

A．dreams B．fears C．regrets D．mistakes

A．peak B．low C．due D．New

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

The similarity that exists in the four films is that ________.

According to figures released by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), the U.K. has about 7.7 million families with dependent children, of which 3.7 million have just one child, compared to 3 million with two and 1.1 million with three children or more. The number of families today with just one dependent child is now 47 percent and will likely rise to more than 50 percent in a decade. As the ONS confirms, “It appears that families are getting smaller.”
One obvious reason for this could be that women are putting off having children until they have established careers when they are bound to be less fertile. But it could just as well be a matter of choice. Parents must consider the rising cost of living, combined with economic uncertainty and an increasingly difficult job market. And this trend may continue growing as having an only child becomes more normal, which seems to be the mood on the mothers’ online forum Mumsnet, where one member announced that she “just wanted to start a positive thread about how fab it is to have an only child”.
She had received 231 replies, overwhelmingly in the same upbeat spirit. Parents of only children insist there are plenty of benefits. Nicola Kelly, a writer and lecturer who grew up as an only child and is now a married mother of one, says her 15-year-old son seems more grown-up in many ways than his contemporaries.
Not all products of single-child families are as keen to repeat the experience. In a moving recent account journalist Janice Turner wrote about her own keenness to “squeeze out two sons just 22 months apart” as a reaction to her only-child upbringing.
She was placed on a pedestal by her doting parents, whom she punished with a “brattish, wilful” rejection of everything they stood for. Desperate for a close friend she was repeatedly shattered by rejection and refers to her childhood as being “misery”.
Writer and clinician Dr. Dorothy Rowe, a member of the British Psychological Society, says that we all interpret events in our own individual way and there are some children who no matter what their circumstances feel slighted, while other children see the advantages of their situation.
However, the one part of life that is unlikely to get any easier for only children is when they grow up and find themselves looking after their own parents as they become older.
The passage is written with the purpose of ________.

What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?

From what Dr. Dorothy Rowe said, we know that ________.

What can be inferred from the passage?

Exercise seems to be good for the human brain, with many recent studies suggesting that regular exercise improves memory and thinking skills. But an interesting new study asks whether the apparent cognitive benefits from exercise are real or just a placebo effect — that is, if we think we will be “smarter” after exercise, do our brains respond accordingly? The answer has significant implications for any of us hoping to use exercise to keep our minds sharp throughout our lives.
While many studies suggest that exercise may have cognitive benefits, recently some scientists have begun to question whether the apparently beneficial effects of exercise on thinking might be a placebo effect. So researchers at Florida State University in Tallahassee and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign decided to focus on expectations, on what people anticipate that exercise will do for thinking. If people’s expectations jibe (吻合) closely with the actual benefits, then at least some of those improvements are probably a result of the placebo effect and not of exercise.
For the new study, which was published last month in PLOS One, the researchers recruited 171 people through an online survey system, they asked half of these volunteers to estimate by how much a stretching and toning regimens (拉伸运动) performed three times a week might improve various measures of thinking. The other volunteers were asked the same questions, but about a regular walking program.
In actual experiments, stretching and toning program generally have little if any impact on people’s cognitive skills. Walking, on the other hand, seems to substantially improve thinking ability.
But the survey respondents believed the opposite, estimating that the stretching and toning program would be more beneficial for the mind than walking. The estimates of benefits from walking were lower.
These data, while they do not involve any actual exercise, are good news for people who do exercise. “The results from our study suggest that the benefits of aerobic exercise are not a placebo effect,” said Cary Stothart, a graduate student in cognitive psychology at Florida State University, who led the study.
If expectations had been driving the improvements in cognition seen in studies after exercise, Mr. Stothart said, then people should have expected walking to be more beneficial for thinking than stretching. They didn’t, implying that the changes in the brain and thinking after exercise are physiologically genuine.
The findings are strong enough to suggest that exercise really does change the brain and may, in the process, improve thinking, Mr. Stothart said. That conclusion should encourage scientists to look even more closely into how, at a molecular level, exercise remodels the human brain, he said. It also should encourage the rest of us to move, since the benefits are, it seems, not imaginary, even if they are in our head.
Which of the following about the placebo effect is TRUE according to the passage?

Why did the researchers at the two universities conduct the research?

What can we know about the research Cary Stothart and his team carried out?

What might be the best title for the passage?

Mum, it’s me. Hopefully, this Mothering Sunday you will get to hear those three words. I will, of course, try to phone you. I hope we will be able to speak for the allowed 10 minutes. But I suspect many inmates will be using the phone, so if I don’t call and if we don’t speak, then this is what I would have said:
It’s not your fault that I am here. I know that deep in your heart you have questioned whether my current circumstance is somehow your fault, if the reckless stupidity of my past is somehow a failure on your part. It is not. Only one person is to blame, only one person should hurt — me. You have always taught me that when the room goes dark, you can wait for the lights to be switched back on or you can search in the dark and turn the light on yourself. You are my light. You always have been and always will be. There is nobody I admire more, nobody I have strived harder to please in my life, which is why my current failure hurts me so much.
I am so sorry that I will not be there to see you, but I want you to know that now, as always, you are here with me. In my darkest hours, and in the coldest loneliness of my past few months, my mind has so often wandered to the past, to when it was you and me — and I have been able to smile. Yours is the strength that I draw upon.
A parent’s job is to make sure that they pass on the best of themselves to their children. You have done that. It is the inner you in me that will get me through this.
I have failed you so epically, but you have never failed me. If I think back to the tears I shed when Dad left, all those years ago, I see you through their misty glaze. You holding me and you telling me we’d be OK, and we will be. We are and always will be the best team.
Childhood heroes such as footballers, actors and rock stars are clichéd. If the job’s done right, a child’s heroes should be their parents — you are mine. The strength you showed after the divorce from Dad to find your biological parents, to go to university and get your teaching qualifications, to begin your life again, is the strength that I draw on now. It is the belief in myself, it is the belief you have in me, that tells me that once I am released I can and will rebuild my life. I will make you proud again. I will make you happy to have me as your son. Yours is the will that gets me through every day.
I don’t believe you can judge a person for the mistakes they make, as we all make them, but you can judge them for what they do afterwards. And after this, when it is all over, you will still have a son with the same hopes and dreams. They have not diminished. If you can dream it, then you have to believe it can happen — right?
So this Mothering Sunday, please think back to that morning in the 80s, the first Mother’s Day without Dad, when a six-year-old me got up early and made breakfast for you. Do you remember it? Could you ever forget? A slice of bread a doorstep thick and a wedge of cheese equally dense. You didn’t have to eat it, but you did, chewing every dry mouthful. I know now why you forced yourself — because it had been made with love. Well, things don’t change this year — this letter is that bread and cheese (it sure has plenty of the cheese!).
I love you so much. I am sorry I have let you down, but you have taught me that we will always pick ourselves up and become better than we were before. Thank you for everything and this year, more than ever:
Happy Mothering Sunday.
Love, your son
According to the passage, what made the author most upset at present?

What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

What did the author do in the loneliness of his past months？

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “clichéd” in Paragraph 6?

Which of the following can best describe the author’s mother?

Simon Sinek is naturally shy and doesn’t like speaking to crowds. At parties, he says he hides alone in the corner or doesn’t even show up in the first place. He prefers the latter. Yet, with some 22 million video views under his belt, the optimistic ethnographer also happens to be the third most-watched TED Talks presenter of all time.
Sinek’s unlikely success as both an inspirational speaker and a bestselling author isn’t just dumb luck. It’s the result of fears faced and erased, trial and error and tireless practice, on and off stage. Here are his secrets for delivering speeches that inspire, inform and entertain.
Don’t talk right away.
Sinek says you should never talk as you walk out on stage. “A lot of people start talking right away, and it’s out of nerves,” Sinek says. “That communicates a little bit of insecurity and fear.”
Instead, quietly walk out on stage. Then take a deep breath, find your place, wait a few seconds and begin. “I know it sounds long and tedious and it feels excruciatingly awkward when you do it,” Sinek says, “but it shows the audience you’re totally confident and in charge of the situation.”
Show up to give, not to take.
Often people give presentations to sell products or ideas, to get people to follow them on social media, buy their books or even just to like them. Sinek calls these kinds of speakers “takers,” and he says audiences can see through these people right away. And, when they do, they disengage.
“We are highly social animals,” says Sinek. “Even at a distance on stage, we can tell if you’re a giver or a taker, and people are more likely to trust a giver — a speaker that gives them value, that teaches them something new, that inspires them — than a taker.”
Speak unusually slowly.
When you get nervous, it’s not just your heart beat that quickens. Your words also tend to speed up. Luckily Sinek says audiences are more patient and forgiving than we know.
“They want you to succeed up there, but the more you rush, the more you turn them off,” he says. “If you just go quiet for a moment and take a long, deep breath, they’ll wait for you. It’s kind of amazing.”
Turn nervousness into excitement.
Sinek learned this trick from watching the Olympics. A few years ago he noticed that reporters interviewing Olympic athletes before and after competing were all asking the same question. “Were you nervous?” And all of the athletes gave the same answer: “No, I was excited.” These competitors were taking the body’s signs of nervousness — clammy hands, pounding heart and tense nerves — and reinterpreting them as side effects of excitement and exhilaration.
When you’re up on stage you will likely go through the same thing. That’s when Sinek says you should say to yourself out loud, “I’m not nervous, I’m excited!”
Say thank you when you’re done.
Applause is a gift, and when you receive a gift, it’s only right to express how grateful you are for it. This is why Sinek always closes out his presentations with these two simple yet powerful words: thank you.
“They gave you their time, and they’re giving you their applause.” Says Sinek. “That’s a gift, and you have to be grateful.”

Passage outline	Supporting details
to Simon Sinek	●He is byshy and dislikes making speeches in public. ●Through hiseffort, he enjoys great success in giving speeches.
Tips  on  delivering speeches	●Avoid talking for it indicates you’re nervous. ●Keep calm and wait a few seconds before talking, which will create an that you are confident.
●Try to be a giver rather than a taker because inwith a taker, a giver can get more popular and accepted. ●Teach audience something new that they canfrom.
●Speak a bit slowly just to help you stay calm. ●Never speed up while speaking in case youthe audience.
●Switch nervousness to excitement by the example of Olympic athletes.
●Express yourto the audience for their time and applause to conclude your speech.

请阅读下面短文,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Cleanliness is important to academic success at one Chinese university where compulsory labor is part of a program designed to award class credits while teaching students with proper moral values.
During winter, the sky is still dark at 6:30 a.m. when the first-year students in Trade and Management College in Zhengzhou begin sweeping the 165-acre campus and it can take up to an hour.
Mr. Sun, the university official, said labor is good for building character and promotes “the spirit of hard work.” Some students also claim that they are always proud of the clean campus. They never litter because they’ve been through the labor and understand that they should respect the fruits of labor of others.
Some students, however, are against it because they feel the demands of the cleaning program are a distraction. Some often show up late and hungry to their morning classes after rushing to sweep the campus and clean their rooms.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：
(1) 支持或反对这个学校的做法；
用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。
【写作要求】
1. 可以支持文中任一观点，但必须提供理由或论据；
2. 阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句；
3. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
4. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。